34
NECA Training Basic Life Support & Anaphylaxis Training

Cpr and anaphylaxis neca

Embed Size (px)

Citation preview

NE

CA

Tra

inin

g

Basic Life Support & Anaphylaxis

Training

NE

CA

Tra

inin

g

OBJECTIVES

• At the end of this course

participants should be able to demonstrate:

– How to assess the collapsed victim.

– How to place an unconscious breathing victim in the recovery position.

– How to perform chest compression and rescue breathing.

– What is Anaphylaxis

– What causes Anaphylaxis

– How to recognise and treat Anaphylaxis

NE

CA

Tra

inin

g

BACKGROUND

• Approximately 700,000 cardiac arrests per year in Europe

• Survival to hospital discharge presently approximately 5-10%

• Bystander CPR vital intervention before arrival of emergency services

• Early resuscitation and prompt defibrillation (within 1-2 minutes) can result in >60% survival

NE

CA

Tra

inin

g

CHAIN OF SURVIVAL

NE

CA

Tra

inin

g

Danger

Response

.Shout for help

Airway

Breathing

Call 999

30 chest compressions

2 rescue breaths

NE

CA

Tra

inin

g

APPROACH SAFELY!

Scene

Rescuer

Bystanders

Victim

Danger

Response

.Shout for help

Airway

Breathing

Call 999

30 chest compressions

2 rescue breaths

NE

CA

Tra

inin

g

CHECK RESPONSE

Danger

Response

.Shout for help

Airway

Breathing

Call 999

30 chest compressions

2 rescue breaths

NE

CA

Tra

inin

g

Shake shoulders gently

Ask “Are you all right?”

If they responds

• Leave as you find.

• Find out what is wrong.

• Reassess regularly.

CHECK RESPONSE

NE

CA

Tra

inin

g

SHOUT FOR HELP

Danger

Response

.Shout for help

Airway

Breathing

Call 999

30 chest compressions

2 rescue breaths

NE

CA

Tra

inin

g

OPEN AIRWAY

Danger

Response

.Shout for help

Airway

Breathing

Call 999

30 chest compressions

2 rescue breaths

NE

CA

Tra

inin

g

OPEN AIRWAY

• Ensure nothing is over or inside the mouth

• Hand on forehead and 2 fingers on chin to tilt head back

NE

CA

Tra

inin

g

CHECK BREATHING

Danger

Response

.Shout for help

Airway

Breathing

Call 999

30 chest compressions

2 rescue breaths

NE

CA

Tra

inin

g

CHECK BREATHING

• Look, listen and feel for NORMAL breathing 10 seconds

• Do not confuse agonal breathing with NORMAL breathing

NE

CA

Tra

inin

g

IF BREATHE NORMALLY PLACE IN RECOVERY POSITION

YES -BREATHING

NE

CA

Tra

inin

g

NE

CA

Tra

inin

g

NOT BREATHING

If NOT Breathing or Agonal Breathing

• Occurs shortly after the heart stops in up to 40% of cardiac arrests

• Described as barely, heavy, noisy or gasping breathing

• Recognise as a sign of cardiac arrest

NE

CA

Tra

inin

g

Danger

Response

.Shout for help

Airway

Breathing

Call 999

30 chest compressions

2 rescue breaths

NE

CA

Tra

inin

g

30 CHEST COMPRESSIONS

Danger

Response

.Shout for help

Airway

Breathing

Call 999

30 chest compressions

2 rescue breaths

NE

CA

Tra

inin

g

• Place the heel of one hand in the centre of the chest

• Place other hand on top

• Interlock fingers

• Compress the chest– Rate 100-120 min

– Depth 5-6cm (2 Inches)

– Equal compression : relaxation

• When possible change CPR operator every 2 min

CHEST COMPRESSIONS

NE

CA

Tra

inin

g

RESCUE BREATHS

Danger

Response

.Shout for help

Airway

Breathing

Call 999

30 chest compressions

2 rescue breaths

NE

CA

Tra

inin

g

RESCUE BREATHS

• Pinch the nose• Tilt casualties head back• Take a normal breath• Place lips over mouth• Blow until the chest rises• Take about 1 second• Allow chest to fall• Repeat

NE

CA

Tra

inin

g

CONTINUE CPR

30 2

NE

CA

Tra

inin

g

CONTINUE CPR

• Till Ambulance Arrives• You Pass Out• Signs of Movement and Breathing

NE

CA

Tra

inin

g

Danger

Response

.Shout for help

Airway

Breathing

Call 999

30 chest compressions

2 rescue breaths

NE

CA

Tra

inin

g

-Rapidly developing, life threatening, Airwayand/or Breathing and or Circulationproblems- Usually with skin and/or mucosal changes.

Anaphylaxis is characterised by:

Anaphylaxis is:

- A severe, life-threatening, generalized orsystemic hypersensitivity reaction

What is Anaphylaxis?

NE

CA

Tra

inin

g

Stings

Nuts

Food

29 wasp, 4 bee, ? 1447

10 peanut, 6 walnut, 2 almond, 2 brazil, 1 hazel, 11 mixed or ?32

5 milk, 2 fish, 2 chickpea, 2 crustacean, 1 banana, 1 snail13

? Food 18 5 during meal, 3 milk, 3 nut, 1 each - fish, yeast, sherbet, nectarine,grape, strawberry

Antibiotics

Anaestheticdrugs

11 penicillin, 12 cephalosporin, 2 amphotericin, 1 ciprofloxacin, 1 vancomycin

27

19 suxamethonium, 7 vecuronium, 6 atracurium, 7 at induction35

Other drugs 15 6 NSAID, 3 ACEI, 5 gelatins, 2 protamine, 2 vitamin K,1 each - etoposide, diamox, pethidine, local anaesthetic,diamorphine, streptokinase

Contrast media 9 iodinated, 1 technetium, 1 fluorescine11

Other 1 latex, 1 hair dye, 1 hydatid,1 idiopathic4

Suspected triggers for fatal anaphylactic reactions in the UK between 1992 2001‐

What Causes Anaphylaxis?

NE

CA

Tra

inin

g

Anaphylactic reaction is highly likelywhen following 3 criteria are fulfilled:

• Sudden onset and rapid progression ofsymptoms

• Life-threatening Airway and/or Breathingand/or Circulation problems

• Skin and/or mucosal changes (flushing, hives, blotches).

NE

CA

Tra

inin

gRECOGNITIONA B C D E-

Airway problems

•Airway swelling e.g. throat and tongue swelling

•Difficulty in breathing and swallowing

•Sensation that throat is ‘closing up’

•Hoarse voice

•Stridor

NE

CA

Tra

inin

gRECOGNITIONA B C D E-

Breathing problems

•Shortness of breath•Increased respiratory rate•Wheeze•Patient becoming tired•Confusion caused by hypoxia•Cyanosis (appears blue) - a late sign•Respiratory arrest.

Respiratory arrest

NE

CA

Tra

inin

gRECOGNITIONA B C D E-

Circulation problems

•Signs of shock - pale, clammy

•Increased pulse rate (tachycardia)

•Low blood pressure (hypotension)

•Decreased level of consciousness

•Cardiac arrest.

NE

CA

Tra

inin

gRECOGNITIONA B C D E-

Disability

•Sense of “impending doom

•Anxiety, panic

•Decreased conscious level caused byairway, breathing or circulation problem.

NE

CA

Tra

inin

gRECOGNITIONA B C D E-

Exposure

•Skin changes- swelling / Flushing

•Present in over 80% of anaphylactic reactions

•Skin, mucosal, or both skin and mucosalchanges.

NE

CA

Tra

inin

g

TREATMENT

NE

CA

Tra

inin

gEPI PEN- Auto-Injector

•For those with severe reactions

and difficult to avoid trigger

•Nursing staff only to prescribe

•Practice regularly with training

device