Computer programming:know how to FLOWCHART?

Presented by:

Angelo G. Tomboc

Jonathan H. Llego

FLOWCHARTING

Flowchart is one of the processes used in designing or planning the solution to a problem.

It is a graphical representation to the solution of a problem.

It uses shapes to show instructions and arrow lines and heads to display the flow.

Symbols Used in Flowchar tsPicture Shape Name Action

Represented

Oval Terminal Symbol Represents start and end of the Program

Parallelogram Input/Output Indicates input and output

Rectangle Process This represents processing of action. Example, mathematical

operator

Diamond Decision Since computer only answer the question yes/no, this is used to

represent logical test for the program

Hexagon Initialization/Preparation

This is used to prepare memory for repetition of an action

Arrow Lines & Arrow Heads

Direction This shows the flow of the program

Annotation This is used to describe action or variables

Circle On page connector

This is used to show connector or part of program to another part.

Pentagon Off-page connector

This is used to connect part of a program to another part on other

page or paper

Basic Control Structures at Flowcharting I. Sequence – process which is executed from

one to another in a straightforward manner.

Examples: 1. Design a flowchart that will accept and display a

number. Write its equivalent algorithms.

Start

Print N

Read N

End

Algorithm:Step 1. Read in the value of N.Step 2. Print the value of N.

2. Draw a flowchart that will compute and display the sum and product of two numbers. Write its equivalent.Start

Sum=0Product=0

Read A, B

Sum=A+BProduct=A*B

Print Sum, Product

End

Algorithm:Step 1. Initialize Sum and Product into 0.Step 2. Read in the values of A and B.Step 3. Compute Sum by adding A and B then compute Product by multiplying A and B.Step 4. Print the computed value of Sum and Product.

3. Construct a flowchart that will convert an inputted number in Fahrenheit to its equivalent measure in Celsius.

Start

Celsius=0

Read Fahrenheit

Sum=A+BProduct=A*B

Print Sum, Product

End

Algorithm:Step 1. Initialize Celsius into 0.Step 2. Read in the value of Fahrenheit.Step 3. Compute the computed value of Celsius

II. Selection (If – then – else) – a choice is provided between two alternatives.

C

A

B

T

F

Operators Commonly Used in Flowchar ting

Arithmetic Operations

Logical Operators

Operators Meaning

+ Addition

- Subtraction

* Multiplication

/ Division

Operators Meaning

&& AND

|| OR

! NOT

^_^ USES OF DECISION SYMBOLS ^_^

One of the symbols used in flowcharting in the decision

symbol or the diamond. This symbol requires logical test

that could be determined by using conditional statements

or characters which are listed below. Through logical test,

this symbol provides two answers, if the value evaluated by

the decision symbol produces a true result or if it did not

meet the value on the conditional statement it renders a

“false” value.

1. Draw a flowchart that will input for A and B. Compare two values inputted and print which of the values is higher including the remark “Higher”. Write its equivalent algorithm.

Examples:

Celsius=0

Start

A>B

Print B“Higher”

Print A“Higher”

End

Algorithm:Step 1. Read in the values of A and B.Step 2. Test if A is greater than B.Step 3. If A is greater than B, A is higher. However, if A is less than B, B is higher.Step 4. Print the number and the remark “Higher”.

2. Draw a flowchart that will input a grade of student and determine whether the grade is passed or

failed. Print the name, grade and remarks of student. Write its equivalent algorithm.

Name=“”Remarks=“”

Start

A>B

Read Name, Grade

EndRemarks=“Failed”

Remarks=“Passed”

Print Name, Grade, Remarks

Algorithm:Step 1. Initialize name and remarks into blanks.Step 2. Read in values for Grade and Name.Step 3. Test if Grade is greater than or equal to 60.Step 4. If Grade is greater than or equal to 60, remark is “Passed”. However, if Grade is below 60, remark is “Failed”.Step 5. Print the name, grade, and remarks.

Mathematical Notation

Flowchart Notation

Symbol

= = Equal

<> Not Equal

< < Less Than

> > Greater Than

<= Less than or equal to

>= Greater than or equal to

How to know those mathematical notations that can be conver ted

into f lowchar t notations???

Not Equal The operator is

used to compare if the two values are not equal or show inequality. This is the inverse of equal operator. Syntax of the operator is: “Is Value 1 <> Value 2”.

Start

IsV1<> V2

Process for true value

Process for false value

Yes No

Stop

EnterV1 and V2

V1-represents value 1V2-represents value 2

Less Than The operator used

to test if value1 is less than value2 and vice versa. If value1 is less than value2 it will flow to the “true” side of the decision symbol else(value2 is less than value1) the direction will follow to the “false” side of the decision symbol.

Start

IsV1< V2

Process for true value

Process for false value

Yes No

Stop

EnterV1 and V2

V1-represents value 1V2-represents value 2

More Than The operator used

to test if value1 is more than value2 and vice versa. If value1 is more than value2 it will flow to the “true” side of the decision symbol else (value2 is more than the value hold by value1) the direction will flow to the “false” side of the decision symbol.

Start

IsV1> V2

Process for true value

Process for false value

Yes No

Stop

EnterV1 and V2

V1-represents value 1V2-represents value 2

Less Than Equal The operator is used to

test if the value1 is less than value2. If value1 is less than value2 it will flow to the “true” side of the decision symbol else(value2 is less than value1) the direction will flow to the “false side of the decision symbol. Also, if value1 is equal to value2, the flow of the program will go to the “true” side.

Start

IsV1<=V2

Process for true value

Process for false value

Yes No

Stop

EnterV1 and V2

V1-represents value 1V2-represents value 2

More Than Equal The operator is used

to test if the value1 is more than or equal to the value2. If the value1 is more than or equal to the value2 it will flow to the “true” side of the decision symbol else(value2 is more than the value1) direction will flow to the “false” side of the decision symbol.

Start

IsV1<=V2

Process for true value

Process for false value

Yes No

Stop

EnterV1 and V2

V1-represents value 1V2-represents value 2

ANGEL G. TOMBOC JONATHAN H. LLEGO

Thanks for viewing!!! ^_^All action is reaction....

~Ember Spirit~