Lab@1

Main program to add two unsigned binary number [4 bit binary adder]

%******* Main Program Code*******%

display('Enter First Binary Sequence')

for i=1:4

a(i)=input('');

end

display('Enter Second Binary Sequence')

for i = 1 : 4

b(i)=input('');

end

carry=0;

for i=4:-1:1

c(i)=xors(xors(a(i),b(i)),carry);

carry=ors(ands(a(i),b(i)),ands(xors(a(i),b(i)),carry));

end

%*******************************************

fprintf('%d',a)

fprintf('\n')

fprintf('%d',b)

fprintf('+\n')

display('=====================')

fprintf('%d%d',carry,c)

fprintf('\n')

Function for AND operation

function [res] = ands(a,b)

if(a==1) && (b==1)

res=1;

else

res=0;

end

end

Function for XOR operation

function [res]= xors(a,b)

if (a~=b)

res=1;

else

res=0;

end

end

Function for OR operation

function [res] = ors(a,b)

if (a==0) && (b==0)

res=0;

else

res=1;

end

end

Lab@2

%%*** Matlab code for subtraction ***%%

display('Enter First Number')

for i=1:4

a(i)=input('');

end

display ('Enter Second Number')

for i=1:4

b(i)=input('');

end

%%2's complement of Second Sequence

for i=1:4

b(i)=xor(1,b(i));

end

% for 2's complement we add 1 so initialize carry as 1

c=1;

for i=4:-1:1

[s(i) c] = adder(a(i),b(i),c);

end

display('result')

%% Carry decide the result is in negative or positive.

If Carry is 0 then result is -ve else result is +ve

if (c==0)

for (i = 1 : 4)

s(i) = xor(1,s(i));

end

car=1;

for (i = 4: -1 : 1)

[s(i) car] = adder(s(i),0,car);

end

%display('Negative')

fprintf('-')

fprintf('%d',s)

else

%display('Positive')

fprintf('+')

fprintf('%d',s)

end

% Plotting input and output

subplot(3,1,1)

stem(a,'R');

xlabel('First sequence');

subplot(3,1,2);

stem(b,'G');

xlabel('Second Sequence');

subplot(3,1,3);

stem(s,'B');

xlabel('Result(a-b)');

Function for Addition Operation

function [res,car] = adder(a,b,c)

res= xor(xor(a,b),c);

car= or(and(a,b),and(xor(a,b),c));

end

Lab@3

%% Matlab code for Multiplication of two unsigned 4-bit binary number

clearall;

closeall;

R = [0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0];

display ('Enter First Number');

for i=5 : 8

A (i)=input('');

end

display ('Enter Second Number');

for i=5:8

B(i)=input('');

end

display('***=========================***');

fprintf('Multiplicant=');

fprintf('%d',A);

fprintf('\n');

fprintf('Multiplier=');

fprintf('%d',B);

fprintf('\n');

fprintf('***************************');

subplot(3,1,1);

stem(A,'G');

xlabel('Multiplicant');

if (B(8)==1)

% Assign the given number First partial product

R=A;

end

for i=7:-1:5

if (B(i)==1)

c=0;

for j=8:-1:1

[A(j) c]=adds(A(j),A(j),c);

end

c=0;

for j=8:-1:1

[R(j) c]=adds(R(j),A(j),c);

% shifting left

end

else

c=0;

for j=8:-1:1

[A(j) c]=adds(A(j),A(j),c);

end

end

end

%% Result Plotting

fprintf('\n');

fprintf('Multiplication result=');

fprintf('%d',R);

fprintf('\n');

display('***==============***');

subplot(3,1,2);

stem(B,'R');

xlabel('Multiplier');

subplot(3,1,3);

stem(R);

xlabel('Result after multiplication');

Lab@4

%% Matlab Code for restoring Division algorithm [two 4-bit binary number %%

A=[0 0 0 0];

B=[0 0 0 0];

disp('Enter Dividend:')

for i=1:4

Q(i)=input('');

end

disp('Enter Divisor:')

for j=1:4

B(j)=input('');

end

%% Display Input Data

display('Dividend:');

Q

display('Divisor:');

B

%% code of 2's complement of Divisor

c=1;

for i=4:-1:1

[nB(i) c]=adds(xor(B(i),1),0,c);

end

%% Main code start

for cnt=1:4

% Shift operation (left Shift A, Q)

[A Q]=shifts(A,Q);

C=0;

% Subtraction operation (A=A-B)

for i=4:-1:1

[A(i) C]=adds(A(i),nB(i),C);

end

% Check MSB of A

if(A(1)==0)

Q(4)=1; % Set LSB of Q

else

Q(4)=0; % Set LSB of Q

c=0;

% Addition Operation (A=A+B)

for i=4:-1:1

[A(i) C] = adds(A(i),B(i),C);

end

end

end

%% Result Display

disp('Quotient: ')

Q

disp('Remainder: ')

A

%% Plotting Result

subplot(2,2,1);

stem(Q, 'Y');

xlabel('Dividend');

subplot(2,2,2);

stem(B,'B');

xlabel('Divisor');

subplot(2,2,3);

stem(Q,'R');

xlabel('Quotient');

subplot(2,2,4);

stem(A,'G');

xlabel('Remainder');