Comm 215 you teach chapter 3

Perception and the Self in

Interpersonal Communication

Chapter 3

Angell’ Beswetherick

The Self in Interpersonal Communication

Self-Concept – The way you seeyourself.

http://bahaicoherence.blogspot.com/2009/11/self-identity.html


Sources of Self-Concept:

Others’ images – How significant others see you.

Social Comparisons – How you compare to your peers.

Cultural Teachings – How you fulfill the teachings of your culture.

Self-Evaluations – How you evaluate your own feelings and behavior.


Self-Awareness – How well you know

yourself.

The more you understand about why you view

yourself the way you do – the more you will

understand who you are.

Using the Johari model, additional insight can be

gained for self-awareness.

The Johari Window-The Four Selves-

OPEN SELFInformation about yourself that

you and others know

Blind SelfInformation about yourself that

others know but you don’t know

Hidden SelfInformation about yourself that

you know but others don’t know

Unknown SelfInformation about yourself that

neither you nor others know

Known to Self Not Known to Self

Known to

Others

Not Known

to Others


5 ways you can increase your self-awareness

Ask yourself about yourself.

Honestly answer yourself about who you are, good and bad.

Listen to others.

Pay attention to what others are saying about you, verbally and non-verbally.

Actively seek information about yourself.

Ask others about you. Not by being too forward, but asking questions such as “Do you

think I am a pushover with my children?”

See your different selves.

Visualize how you’re seen by others (your mom, dad, children, husband/wife, boss,

your kids friends, etc.)

Increase your open self.

You may find connections that you had missed before. You will also likely increase

meaningful, intimate dialogue which will help you know yourself better.


Self-Esteem – The measure of how

valuable you think you are. High self-esteem = think highly of yourself

Low self-esteem = usually think negatively of yourself

Usually, the better self-esteem you have, the better

you feel about yourself. This in turn, generally,

means you’ll perform better.

http://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/making-

change/200910/how-high-self-esteem-can-get-

us-down


5 ways to increase self-esteem

Attack self-destructive beliefs.

Get rid of those unrealistic expectations you have set for yourself or ideas that are

unproductive. Like being perfect, or having to please others.

Seek out nourishing people.

Be around people that are positive and optimistic.

Work on projects that will result in success.

Don’t set yourself up for failing.

Remind yourself of your successes.

Don’t focus solely on failures or negative experiences. Think of the successes and

learn from the failed experiences.

Secure Affirmation.

Remind yourself that “I am”, “I can”, and “I will”.

Assignment #1

Choose 3 of the following, find pictures that represent these and post on Tumblr. Make sure you label each picture with what it represents and your name.

1. Self-Concept 4. Open self

2. Self-Awareness 5. Hidden self

3. Blind self 6. Unknown self

Assignment #2

Watch the following video on YouTube.

http://youtu.be/Z-Ji8zrtrIw

Answer the following questions and answer on the Discussion Board.

Also reply to one other classmates post.

1. According to the video above, what did Jim Clark experience as a child that lowered his self esteem?

2. What do you think turned around his self-esteem and how he then became successful?





Perception in Interpersonal Communication

Perception – The process in which you become aware of objects, events, and especially people through senses (sight, smell, taste, touch, and hearing).

Perceptions result from your own experiences, desires, needs and wants, loves

and hatreds. Why is perception so important in

Interpersonal Communication?It influences communication choices because it depends on how you see the world or how you see yourself to determine the message you send out or what you listen to.

Perception in Interpersonal Communication

The 5 Stages of PerceptionStage One: Stimulation – Your senses are stimulated.

(smell, taste, feel, see, or hear)

Stage Two: Organization – Organize the information that your

senses pick up. They can be organized in 3 ways.

Rules – Proximity, similarity, or contrast.

Schemata

Scripts

Stage Three: Interpretation–Evaluation – Influenced by your

experiences, needs, wants, values, beliefs, expectations, etc.

Stage Four: Memory – Your perceptions and interpretations-

evaluations are put into memory until retrieved later.

Stage Five: Recall – Accessing the information that you stored

into memory.

Impression Formation

Impression Formation – AKA Person

Perception. You go through a

variety of processes to form an

impression of another person.

http://www.straitstimes.com


The 6 Processes in Impression Formation Self-Fulfilling Prophecy – a prediction that comes true because

you act on it as if it were.

Implicit Personality Theory – The system of rules that tell you which characteristics go together.

Perceptual Accentuation – Leads you to see what you expect or want to see.

Primacy-Recency – The first impression is most influential (Primacy). Or the last impression is most influential (Recency).

Consistency – Maintaining balance between perceptions and attitudes.

Attribution of Control – The positive or negative impression we get from the actions of others.

Self- Serving Bias – Taking credit for the positive and denying responsibility for the negative.

Example: I got an A! (saying it’s you that earned it). The teacher gave me a D! (The teacher did it, not you!)

Overattribution - Attributing everything about a person to specific characteristics.

Example: Sara his lazy because she’s never had to work for anything, her parents give her everything.

Fundamental Attribution Error – Thinking people do what they do because of the kind of person they are rather than the situation they are in.


4 Ways to Increase Accuracy in Impression Formation

• Analyze Impressions o Recognize your own role in perception.

o Avoid early conclusions.

• Check Perceptionso Describe what you see/hear.

o Seek Confirmation.

• Reduce Uncertainty

• Increase Cultural Sensitivity

Impression Management: Goals and Strategies

Impression Management – The processes you go through to communicate the impression that you would like others to have of you.

The goal you have is what will determine which strategy you use. Sometimes these can work for you and give the impression that you are wanting to give, but sometimes they can backfire. (Pg. 72)

Impression Management: Goals and Strategies

Goals and Strategies of Impression Management

To Be Liked: Immediacy and Affinity-Seeking Strategies.

To Be Believed: Credibility Strategies.

To Excuse Failure: Self-Handicapping Strategies.

To Excuse Failure: Self-Handicapping Strategies.

To Secure Help: Self-Deprecating Strategies.

To Hide Faults: Self-Monitoring Strategies.

To Be Followed: Influencing Strategies.

To Confirm Self-Image: Image-Confirming Strategies.

Assignment #3

Post a video on the Facebook “like”

page that shows one of the

Impression Management Goals &

Strategies.

Education

Comm 215 you teach chapter 3