Comenius Project 2008-2010

IES. Campclar (Tarragona, Spain)

Debrecen first year meeting

The climate change is the modifcation of the climate respect to the climate history in a global scale or regional

Those changes are produced in different scales of time and above all the climatics parameters: temperature, rains, and clouds…

Those changes are from natural causes and from the human action

The Climate change

Variations of temperatures

Since the temperatures of the surface of the Earth started to have a registry in 1900, the hottest eleven out of the twelve last years have been in those twelve years. In the last hundred years (1995-2006), the world temperature has increased 0.74ºC. And the level of the sea has risen 17 cm in the 20th century.

Variations of rains

The global average of rains in the continents is 780mm. In Spain is 680mm. We are under of the average, so we should act in consequence.

The climate in Spain

There are four basic different climates in Spain: oceanic, mediterranean, subtropical and mountain range.

In Spain, the rains are well known to be because of their caresty, the summer droughts and the big interanual, stational and spacial variety, all depends on the influential factors.

The country is in a worm area, without the same characteristics in all the country. The cause of this is the mix of the hot wind areas and the cold wind areas.

Ecosystems and biodiversity: extinction of landscapes, of wilderness, dessert, acid rains…

Water resaurces: disminution of these, droughts and water razionalitation

The production of food and fibres: causes of the aparition of the manipulation of these.

The floor and their uses: dessert, desappearing of vegetables, changes in natural propieties of the floor.

Floughts, forest fires and hills slidings

Climate change impacts

Gas discharges conservatories in Spain :-impacts of the emissions -gas inventory -alternatives to don’t emit these

gases (clean energies)

Situation in countries near of us

Options of mitigation of those GASES:

-temporal perspective -the power crossroads -The case in Spain-Big solutions

Finding solutions

Generals considerations

Saving in the transports sector

Saving in the residential, institutional and commercial sectors

Saving in the industrial sector

Saving in other sectors

Energetic efficiency and saving

Removable energiesRemovable energy is which we can get them from natural sources, they are inexhaustible

Removable energies has been a very important part in the energy used by the humans since a long time ago.

The most used are:

• Eolic

• From the sun

• Hydraulic

The Aeolian energy is the energy whose origin movement it comes from the movement of the air mass.

The Aeolian energy it is taken advantage of us by a system of a rotor that turns to measurement that passes wind through this.

AEOLIAN ENERGY

SOLAR ENERGY

Energy produced with the effect of the heat of the sun in a solar plate. It is used principaly in houses to warm water and calefaction, and also in lights on the road by means of bateries which is loaded during the day

It comes from the sun and it is produced for the fusion of the atomics core of hidrogen, principal component of the sun

WATER ENERGY

Is the energy originated by pumps because of the pressure profit which it is produced in a water source by the difference of high.

Lively strength of a current or a water source which its profits comes from mechanic energy to move machines or to produce electrical energy.

Greenhouse effect

The greenhouse effect is the phenomenon by as some gases that are components of the planet atmosphere keep part of the energy that the soil emits because being warmed by sun rays

•It afects to all of the planet body eqipped of atmosphere.

• This phenomenon avoids that the sun energy received constantly by the Earth return inmediatly to the space, producing a planetary scale an efect similar observed in a greenhouse.

Global heating

1. Is the observed phenomenon in the mesures of temperature. It shows in an average the increase of temperature of terrestrial atmosphere and the oceans.

2. Is the theory that predicts a future growth of the temperatures

Solar variations

Orbital variation

Continental drift

Atmosferic composition

Oceanic flows

Magnetic earth camp

Natural causes of climate change

Greenhouse effect

In nature is caused by:

Water

Carbon

Nitrogen

Methane

Quaternary climate- In the quaternary period they have been 80 glacial

cycles

- Volume of ice, sea levels and temperature have changed in first cycles of 41.000 years and more

recently of 100.000 years.

- The last interglacial period began 12.000 years ago, causing the disappearing of ice. A similar glacial period is

possible to start again in about 50.000 years

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•Increasement of CO2

Since Industrial Revolution, mainly the most industrialized countries, have increased their own CO2 levels

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•Fossil fuels

•The firing of fossil oils generates a large quantity of CO2 (vehicles, factories…)

•Aerosols

•The aerosols wich are emitted to the athmosfere produce a cooling effect and affects to climate on Earth

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•Deforestation

•The cutting of trees causes that CO2 is not eliminated quickly and this is accumulated on the atmosphere

•Land use

•This problem is asociated to the tree cutting due to men are distroying a lot of forest areas

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•Soil manufactury

•Soil manufactury gives out lots of greenhouse gases which effect on the athmosfere.

• Stockbreeding

• The stockbreeding is responsible of 18% of greenhouse gases, taking also into account the tree cutting which

causes.

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Rainfall and temperatures

· Rise of temperatures.

In the 21st century it will rise 1-6,4ºC

· Greenhouse effects

· High temperatures of the sea causes:

Typhoons/hurricanes floods epidemias

Sea level rising

· Causes : - thermal expansion

- disminution of the poles - underground water - desforestation · Consequences: - not polar glaciers 50 cm - Antarctica 73 m - Greenland 7’5 m - extinction of species (caribou, polar

bear, cliffs, barriers ..)

Vegetation

· Change of seasonal and regional temperature

· Going down of tree surface

· Extinction of the variety of the species

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Consequences of climate change to the humans

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Climate change causes that the summers become hotter and produces hot waves. The people with an elevated age are the most vulnerable and in an extreme case, they could die.

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The climate change can also extend and the new implant of tropical diseases like malaria or dengue.

The increasement of atmosphere contaminators produces that people with chronic bronchitis or cardiovascular problems become more vulnerable too.

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How to prevent climate change?

By car.

· By bicycle.

· At home.

· In the office.

· Traveller.

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Organizations

•CMNUCC (UNFCCC).•INCC.•Relationships between CMNUCC and INCC.

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Ecotourism

· Definition.

· Ecotourism of Spain: -Spain Ecotourists as

receptors.

-Spain Ecotourists as

issuers.

· The future of ecotourism in Spain.

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The wastes.

The problems of landfills:

•The emissions of biodegradable waste.

•Water pollution.

•Noise and stinking.

•Unsustainable use of land.

•In general, it causes the climate change.

The incinerate waste:

•Emissions of contaminator elements.

•To fire the waste.

FLOODS IN 1901 - 2000FLOODS IN 1901 - 2000

This image shows the floods in the last century.

The climate change has favored the increasement of floods by the pass of time.

Hundred years ago, the number of floods didn’t exceed two floods in a year.

Now, we can have since five to seven floods in only one year.

Tarragona has got the biggest industrial complex of spainChlorine, which is very used in this industry, causes lots of diseases by the emission to the environment of this tipe of products. However, tarragona is not the only city with contaminational industries, as it’s seen in the image

Time ago, there was an industrial contamination accident in tarragona, one of the most importants in spain. 700 tonelades of toxical and dangerous residues were dropped in river ebro. Cientifical studies have shown the high concentration of diseases in relation with the contamination from this accident. As the effects of this accident, there’s a high percentatge of deficient child devolopment.

Thanks for your attention