Credit Seminar on

Climate Smart Agriculture Practices

Presented By:Anil Kumar Rohila

2014A21D

Deptt. of Extension EducationCCS HAU, Hisar

IntroductionFood production needs to increase by 70 per cent through yield increase to feed the world in 2050 (Bogdanski, 2012).

To ensure available food supply to meet the food requirements of the world’s growing population can be fulfill only climate smart agriculture practices (Yang, 2012).

CSA is composed of three main pillars: sustainably increasing agricultural productivity and incomes; adapting and building resilience to climate change and reducing or removing greenhouse gases emissions relative to conventional practices (FAO, 2013).

Climate

The weather conditions prevailing in area in general or over a long period.

Climate is the average weather in a place over many years.

Climate Smart?

Agriculture is considered to be “climate smart” when

it contributes to increasing food security, adaptation

and mitigation in a sustainable way. This new

concept now dominates current discussion in

agricultural development because of its capacity to

unite the agendas of the agriculture, development

and climate change communities under one brand.

Source: Neufeldt, 2013

Climate Smart Agriculture?

CSA is a newly evolved production system for agriculture that to

ensure food security and sustainable use of natural resources and

production profits under a changing climate scenario, as well as lead

to a ‘triple win’ agricultural development. CSA requires a complete

package of practices to achieve the desired objectives but adoption

is largely dependent on farmers’ preference and their capacity and

WTP.

Source: Chwen Ming (2012) and Garima (2014)

Source: Steenwerth, 2014

Why CSA?

Concept of Climate-smart agriculture (CSA):

It is defined and presented by FAO at the Hague Conference on Agriculture, Food Security and Climate Change in 2010. It integrates the three dimensions of sustainable development (economic, social and environmental) by jointly addressing food security and climate challenges. It is composed of three main pillars:

Sustainably increasing agricultural productivity and incomes

Adapting and building resilience to climate change

Reducing or removing greenhouse gases emissions, where possible

Source: www.fao.org

Climate Smart Agricultural Practices?

Climate smart agricultural practices are those that

sustainably increase productivity and resilience,

reduce or remove greenhouse gases and enhance

achievement of national food security and

development goals for different groups.

Source: Frederiksberg, 2012

CSA is not a single specific agricultural technology or practice that can be universally applied. It is an approach that requires site-specific assessments to identify suitable agricultural production technologies and practices. This approach:

Addresses the complex interrelated challenges of food security, development and climate change

Recognizes that these options will be shaped by specific country contexts and capacities and by the particular social, economic and environmental situation where it will be applied

Assess the interactions between sectors and the needs of different stakeholders involved

Identifies barriers to adoption, especially among farmers and provides appropriate solutions in terms of policies, strategies, actions and incentives

Cont……

Seeks to create enabling environments through a greater alignment of policies, financial investments and institutional arrangements

Strives to achieve multiple objectives with the understanding that priorities need to be set and collective decisions made on different benefits

Should prioritize the strengthening of livelihoods, especially those of smallholders, by improving access to services, knowledge, resources, financial products and markets

Addresses adaptation and builds resilience to shocks, especially those related to climate change, as the magnitude of the impacts of climate change has major implications for agricultural and rural development

Considers climate change mitigation as a potential secondary co-benefit, especially in low-income, agricultural based populations

Seeks to identify opportunities to access climate-related financing and integrate it with traditional sources of agricultural investment finance

Source: CLIMATE SMART AGRICULTURE SOURCEBOOK, 2013

ApproachesIntegrated planning of land, agriculture, forests, fisheries and water at local, watershed and regional scales, to ensure synergies are properly captured

Promoting activities that increase carbon storage, combine animal husbandry and trees with food production, and are geared towards improving soil fertility

Reducing a variety of emissions from agriculture such as nitrous oxygen from fertilizer application etc.

To promote sustainable agricultural practices that have many other direct benefits for smallholder farmers and the environment

Diversifying income sources and genetic traits of crops to help farmers hedge against an uncertain climate

Developing sound risk insurance and risk management strategies

Adaptive management that disseminates timely climate information to farmers and monitors the local outcomes of different actions, builds on the traditional knowledge of farmers Source: CSA-A call to action, The World Bank

Agriculture Global Alliance for Climate-Smart Agriculture

Geographical coverage: 20+ countries in Africa, Asia, Europe and Latin America, Focus on three initial action areas: Knowledge Investment Environment

Target:500 million farmers enabled to practice CSA by 2030, including: (i)Improved agricultural productivity and incomes (ii)Strengthened resilience of farmers (iii)Reduced greenhouse gas emissions from agriculture Source: Climate Summit, 2014

APPROACH, PRIMARY IMPACTS AND MULTIPLE BENEFITS

Source: www.ifad.org

Crop Management

Intercropping Crop rotations New crop varieties Improved storage and

processing techniques Greater crop diversity

Soil and water Management

Conservation agriculture

Contour planting Water storage Dams, pits, ridges Improved irrigation

Livestock & Agroforestry Management

Improved feedingstrategies Fodder crops Manure treatment Livestock health Animal husbandry

improvements Multipurpose trees

Climate-smart practices useful in smallholder agricultural production

Source: www.worldagroforestry.org

Assessing the situation

Identify barriers and factors

Managing Climate Risk

Defining policies

Investments

Process CSA implementation in country level

Source: CSA Source Book

Variety Training

Agri. information

Recommendation

Credit Facilities

Marketing Facilities

CSA in India

Dimensions of capacity development and support modalities

Source: FAO, 2012

The sustainable food value chain framework

Source: FAO, 2013

The ten principles of SIFVCD

Source: FAO, 2013

How can institutions support CSA?Producing and sharing technical knowledge

Providing financial services, credit and access to markets

Supporting the coordination of collaborative action

What do we need?

Agricultural sectors must become climate-smart to successfully tackle current food security and climate change challenges

Agriculture, including forestry and fisheries, is crucial for food security and rural incomes as well as other essential products, such as energy, fibre, feed and a range of ecosystem services

Climate-smart agriculture is a pathway towards development and food security built on three pillars: increasing productivity and incomes, enhancing resilience of livelihoods and ecosystems and reducing and removing greenhouse gas emissions from the atmosphere

Climate-smart agriculture contributes to a cross-cutting range of development goals

There are many opportunities for capturing synergies between the pillars of climate-smart agriculture, but also many situations where trade-offs are inevitable

Source: FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS (FAO)

How do we achieve it?

Working at the landscape level with an ecosystems approach, combining forestry, fisheries, crops and livestock systems is crucial for responding to the impacts of climate change and contributing to its mitigation

Inter-sectoral approaches and consistent policies across the agricultural, food security and climate change are necessary at all levels

Institutional and financial support is needed for farmers, fishers and forest dependant peoples to make the transition to climate-smart agriculture

Some effective climate-smart practices already exist and could be scaled-up, but this can only be done with serious investments in building the knowledge base and developing technology

Investments in climate-smart agriculture must link finance opportunities from public and private sectors and also integrate climate finance into sustainable development agendas

Source: www.fao.org/climatechange/climatesmart

What next?

Early action is needed to identify, pilot and scale-up best practices, strengthen institutional capacities, and build experiences that can help stakeholders make informed choices to make the transformation to climate-smart agriculture

Tools and knowledge on climate-smart agriculture must be further developed and shared. We must invest in education, capacity development and communication as well as training

Financial mechanisms that link climate finance to agriculture investment must be established

Source: FAO, THE UNITED NATIONS

What should be cover during training?

Facilitating farmer exchange visits and other approaches for sharing adaptation strategies in ‘climate analogue’ areas - places where farmers today can learn about the climatic conditions they can expect to be dealing with in the future

Assessing how to facilitate the use of daily and seasonal weather forecasts for farmers and how to make access to forecasts more equitable

Understanding and catalysing gender-sensitive, climate-smart-agricultural-practices

Source: www.fao.org/climatechange/micca/gender

Economics & Policy Innovations for Climate-Smart Agriculture (EPIC).

The Economic and Policy Support for Climate-Smart Agriculture Programme provides technical and policy assistance to countries to establish climate-smart agricultural systems. Working with national policy and research partners, the Programme:

• Provides technical support in identifying the synergies and trade offs between food security, adaptation and mitigation that may arise in transforming smallholder agricultural systems

• Identifies the local institutions needed to support the transition to climate-smart agricultural systems

• Provides assistance for strategic planning that integrates climate change, agricultural development and food security policy objectives and investments

• Builds mechanisms and investment plans to combine climate finance with agricultural investment finance to support the transition to climate-smart agricultureFAO

Literacy rate

Establishment and maintenance costs

Markets

Capital

Training & risk ability

Constraints

Challenges

Provide political environment

Improve market accessibility

Involve farmers in the project-planning process

Improve access to knowledge and training

Introduce more secure tenure

Overcome the barriers of high opportunity costs to land

Improve access to farm implements and capital

Suggestion

Project and policy preparation need to reflect higher risks, where vulnerability assessments and greater use of climate scenario modelling are combined with a better understanding of interconnections between smallholder farming.

‘Multiple-benefit’ approaches to sustainable agricultural intensification by smallholder farmers. These approaches can build climate resilience through managing competing land-use systems at the landscape level, while at the same time reducing poverty, enhancing biodiversity, increasing yields and lowering greenhouse gas emissions

New efforts to enable smallholder farmers to become significant beneficiaries of climate finance in order to reward multiple-benefit activities and help offset the transition costs and risks of changing agricultural practices

Better ways to achieve and then measure a wider range of multiple benefits beyond traditional poverty and yield impacts

Recommendation

Financial help and market facilities

Development and climate finance programs must focus on improving livelihoods and income so that there is incentive for smallholder farmers to invest in climate-smart agriculture

Combining practices that deliver short-term benefits with those that give longer-term benefits can help reduce opportunity costs and provide greater incentives to invest in better management practices

National agriculture development plans with appropriate institutions at national to local levels, provision of infrastructure, access to information and training and stakeholder participation and, last but not least, improvement of tenure arrangements are necessary for long-term transformation towards sustainable intensification and management of resources.