1. SOURCES OF DATA PRIMARY SOURCE COLLECTING DATA DIRECTLY FROM THE SOURCE OF ORIGIN SECONDARY SOURCE COLLECTING DATA ALREADY COMPILED

2. TYPES OF DATA PRIMARY DATA FIRST HAND INFORMATION DATA ORIGINALLY COLLECTED IN THE PROCESS OF INVESTIGATION IS KNOWN AS PRIMARY DATA. WESSEL SECONDARY DATA SECONDARY DATA ARE THOSE WHICH ARE ALREADY IN EXISTENCE, AND WHICH HAVE BEEN COLLECTED FOR SOME OTHER PURPOSE THAN THE ANSWERING OF THE QUESTIONIN HAND. - M.M. BLAIR 3. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN PRIMARY & SECONDARY DATA Basis Primary data Secondary data Originality The data is original. It is collected by the investigator from the source of origin The data already exists, hence it is not original. Suitability of objective This type of data is related to a specific objective. Therefore, it does not need any adjustment for the concerned study. This type of data is always collected for some other purpose. Therefore, requires adjustment. Cost of collection Costlier in terms of time, money and efforts. Less expensive as they are easily available from the internet or published reports. 4. PREREQUISITES FOR PRIMARY DATA COLLECTION WELL-DEFINED OBJECTIVES PRE-DECIDED TYPE, CONTENT AND NUMBER OF QUESTIONS PRECISE SCOPE AND COVERAGE OF DATA COLLECTION MODE OF COLLECTING DATA SHOULD BE BASED ON OBJECTIVES AND SIZE OF INFORMATION SIMPLE AND PRECISE QUESTIONS RESPONDENTS PRIVACY SHOULD BE PRESERVED 5. METHODS OF COLLECTING PRIMARY DATA Methods of collecting primary data Direct personal investigation Indirect oral investigation Information from local sources Information through questionnaires Mailing method Enumerator's method 6. DIRECT PERSONAL INVESTIGATION Suitability Field limited Originality Information secret Accurate data Direct contact Merits Originality Accuracy Reliability Related Information Uniformity & Elastic Demerits Difficult to cover wide areas Personal bias Costly Limited coverage 7. INDIRECT ORAL INVESTIGATION Suitability Large field Direct contact Ignorant informants Complex investigation Merits Wide coverage Less expensive Expert opinion Free from bias Simple Demerits Less accurate Biased Doubtful conclusions 8. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN DIRECT PERSONAL INVESTIGATION & INDIRECT ORAL INVESTIGATION Basis Direct personal investigation Indirect oral investigation Contact with informants There is direct contact. There is indirect contact. Field of investigation Possible when field of investigation is small. Possible when field of investigation is large. Cost This method is costlier. This method is less costly. Language and cultural habits Investigator must be well versed with the language and cultural habits. No such requirement. 9. INFORMATION FROM LOCAL SOURCES OR CORRESPONDENTS Suitability Regular & Continuous information Wide coverage area Information used in journals, etc High degree of accuracy Merits Economical Wide Coverage Continuity Suitable for special purpose Demerits Loss of orginality Lack of uniformity Personal bias Less accurate Delay in collection 10. MAILING METHOD Suitability Wide area Educated respondents Merits Economical Original Wide coverage Demerits Lack of interest Limited use Lack of flexibility Biased Less accuracy 11. ENUMERATORS METHOD Suitability Large field Specialised and skilled investigators Well versed investigators Merits Wide coverage Accuracy Personal contact Impartiality Completeness Demerits Expensive Availability of Enumerators Time consuming Not suitable for private investigations Partial 12. QUALITIES OF A GOOD QUESTIONNAIRE COVERING LETTER LIMITED NUMBER OF QUESTIONS LANGUAGE OF THE QUESTIONS PLACED IN PROPER MANNER UNDESIRABLE QUESTIONS NO CONTROVERSIAL QUESTIONS AVOID QUESTIONS INVOLVING CALCULATIONS PILOT SURVEY CLEAR INSTRUCTION REQUEST FOR RETURN OBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS 13. TYPES OF QUESTIONS IN A QUESTIONNAIRE SIMPLE ALTERNATIVE QUESTIONS MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS SPECIFIC INFORMATION QUESTIONS OPEN QUESTIONS 14. ADVANTAGES OF PRIMARY DATA HIGH DEGREE OF ACCURACY BASIS OF A DEFINITE OBJECTIVE COLLECTED ON EXTREME BIAS WELL-DEFINED VARIABLES SUBSTITUTE TO SECONDARY DATA 15. DISADVANTAGES OF PRIMARY DATA TIME CONSUMING EXPENSIVE NOT ALWAYS NECESSARY EXTENSIVE EFFORT PROPER SKILL