Civil War

How long ago was the Civil War?

What caused the Civil War?• Economic and social differences between the

North and the South.• States right vs. federal rights.• The fight between Slave and Non-Slave States• Growth of the Abolition Movement• The election of Abraham Lincoln.

SECESSION OF THE SOUTH

The first States secede

The Civil War:Union vs Confederacy

Lincoln’s Actions at Ft. Sumpter

• Abraham Lincoln decided to use force because the South was not following the US Constitution. – Supplies are sent to Ft. Sumter in

Charleston Harbor (April 12, 1861) –Confederates opened fire on the fort,

starting the war.

Now for some of the Civil War battles -

Battle at Fort Sumter

• South Carolina • April 12-14, 1861 • Union - Major Anderson• Confederate - Brig. Gen Beauregard• Beauregard demands surrender of the fort, but

Anderson refuses. Confederates open fire and Union was unable to defend. Anderson surrenders the fort.

• Confederate victory, no casualties.

Battle of Bull Run• June 1861• The Union army was initially successful but

Confederates reinforced and defeated Union troops

• Humiliating for the North; boosted confidence of the South

• Each side underestimated the other. Both realized this was not going to be a quick war

Battle of Bull Run

July 1861

Battle of Shiloh• April, 1862 Pickwick, TN• Confederates attacked at

Shiloh and were successful until Union reinforcements arrived

• Union victory for General Ulysses S. Grant, but at a great price

General Ulysses S. Grant

Battle of Antietam• Strategic victory for the Union• Bloodiest single day of the war – 22,000 men killed in one

day! 2,000 men every hour!• Led to Lincoln issuing the Emancipation Proclamation

Emancipation Proclamation

• Freed the slaves only in states that had seceded from the Union.

• It did not free slaves in border states.

Battle of Gettysburg• July 1-3, 1863 - BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG, Pa.• Gettysburg is the largest battle in the history of the

Western hemisphere.• Over 100,000 people died in 3 days It was the last time the

South invaded the North.

Gettysburg Address• That from these honored dead we take

increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion -- that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain -- that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom -- and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.

Abe Lincoln

Battle of Gettysburg July, 1863

Over 618,000 military deaths during Civil War.

Effects of Civil War

• Creation of a single unified country• Abolition of slavery• Increased power to federal government• U.S. now an industrial nation• Stronger sense of nationalism• Western lands opened to settlement• South was economically and physically

devastated.