Chapter 14Chapter 14Verbal Verbal

CommunicationCommunication

It is not what you say, but how you say it.

DeliveryDelivery

The mode or manner that a speaker uses to transmit words to an audience.

Four TypesManuscript methodMemorized methodExtemporaneousImpromptu

Manuscript methodManuscript method

Write and read Advantages

Unlikely to make mistake in content

Security blanket which gives confidence

Disadvantages Might lose touch with audience Can lose place Lose animation Unnatural

Manuscript

Manuscript methodManuscript method

Special Delivery TipMake writing easy to readHighlight key wordsMake sure it looks professional

to audience

MANUSCRIPT

Memorized methodMemorized method

Write and commit speech to memory

Advantages No notes Can plan gestures, facial

expressions, movement Easily use props

Disadvantages Can make you nervous Can lose place Puts the words in charge Spend too much energy

remembering

MMemorized

Memorized methodMemorized method

Special Delivery TipMemorize in small sectionsPracticeMost important is beginning

and end of speechHave a safety valve -

relevant fact you can go to

MEMORIZED

Extemporaneous methodExtemporaneous method

Don’t write it down word for word

Use notesWrite down key points and

transitionsThe best type EExtemp

Extemporaneous methodExtemporaneous method

Advantages Natural Can pay attention to audience feedback Body can get into communication process Most believable

Disadvantages Might forget something May not be fluent But can dynamize your audience

ExtempE

Extemporaneous methodExtemporaneous method

Special Delivery Tip:Control note cardsOnly have a few (two are best)Use an outlinePractice

EXTEMP

Impromptu MethodImpromptu Method

Not rehearsed“Off the Cuff”Calls for quick mind and

instant audience analysisYou will do this often IImpromptu

Impromptu MethodImpromptu Method

Advantages Natural Can pay attention to audience feedback Body can get into communication

process Can look witty and intelligent

Disadvantages Dead space - vocal pauses Fill with “uhs” and “like” Can lose train of thought Mistakes can cause lose of confidence

IImpromptu

Impromptu methodImpromptu method

Special Delivery Tip:ThinkKnow your audience

IMPROMPTU

What’s Best?What’s Best?

Use some of all fourHow?

Memorize OpeningHave NotesUse impromptu comments

to respond to audienceHave portions (like poem) that you may read

verbatim

Manuscript

ExtempMemorized

Impromptu

Using Your VoiceUsing Your Voice

The power source for a special is the vocal process

The breathing process provides the power for voice production or phonation

Air is importantRead about it on page 379

RateRate

Speed is 120 to 180 wordsIf you talk too fast an audience doesn’t

understandYou run out of breathHow to cure

Take deep breathes

R A T E

RATERATERATERATE RATERATERATERATE

PitchPitch

Highs and lows of your voicesCan’t sell a speech with narrow vocal

range or monotoneLike a bouncing ball - moving all the timeGives different things emphasis

P I T C H

PitchPitch

Repeat the following emphasizing different words (this is inflection)

“I think you are the best”How does it change the meaning?

Lows

Highs

Emphasis!!!!!!!!!

VolumeVolume

The loudness or softness of your voiceVaries by mood or situation

whisper

Yell

ArticulationArticulation

The crispness of your voice

Your tongue, lips and jaw control this

Don’t drop lettersJames Earl Jones is

very precise because as a child he stammered

PronunciationPronunciation

Saying the sounds properlyLearn how to pronounce everything in

your speech

Using Your BodyUsing Your Body

Your body should be a positive extension of your message

What are some negative signals in a speech?

Platform MovementPlatform Movement

Rhythm and flow - purposeful movement

Don’t paceDon ‘t wanderBut do moveAccentuate speaking

Platform MovementPlatform Movement

Start at the center or “square up” Move when changing sections Move to emphasize points End at the center

2 1

3

Start

End

Platform MovementPlatform Movement

Be comfortableMove right leg firstMove toward audienceDon’t be extreme

Platform MovementPlatform Movement

Be aware of Proxemics or how much space

Know number of stepsOne3 or 5 step

Be in control

GesturesGestures

Posture is how you hold your bodyGestures are the body in motion

Head, arms, and hands

GesturesGestures

“Never rise to speak ‘til you have something to say; and when you have said it, cease.” -18th century American clergyman, John

Witherspoon

GesturesGestures

Be comfortable holding hands at sideGesture above the waistUp and out and down

GesturesGestures

Learn Gesture ZoneLearn to “Lift and Lay” Your Hands

No “flyaway”No “judo-chop”No “penguin-wave”

Practice the “String” Idea

Your FaceYour Face

If your face doesn’t sell it, your audience doesn’t believe it

“The eyes are the widows to the soul”

Keep Eye Strategies in Keep Eye Strategies in MindMind

Look at each person for a number of seconds

Make eye contact at the far ends

Have eye contact with people, not things

What for feedbackWhat for feedback

Fidgeting?Nodding and smiling?Leaning back or forward?Confused?People straining to hear?

Recalling the FactsRecalling the Facts

What are the four methods of delivery? How are they different and what are the advantages and

disadvantages of each? What is the power source for your voice? In addition to volume, what are the elements of your

delivery? What is the stress you give to certain words called? How important is it to know how to pronounce words? What other element in addition to your voice contributes

to delivery? How should you handle facial expressions, eye contact,

body movement, etc.?Looking Back on Page 402 of textbook

VocabularyVocabulary delivery manuscript method memorized method extemporaneous method impromptu method vocalized pause power source vocal process oral cavity

Rate pitch monotone inflection volume articulation pronunciation platform movement proxemics posture

List on Page 371 of textbook