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China Under Mao ZedongChina Under Mao Zedong Great Leap ForwardGreat Leap Forward Cultural RevolutionCultural Revolution
Result: Commune based industries turned out poorly made goods. Agricultural output declined and led to widespread famine. Great Leap backward!
Result: For over a decade, schools and universities were closed. Created a “Lost Generation.” Millions were driven from their jobs and economy slowed. Mao needed his army to restore order and control the Red Guards. Cultural Disaster!
1960: Tensions between China and the United 1960: Tensions between China and the United States.States.
• China Split with the USSR over the China Split with the USSR over the leadership of world Communismleadership of world Communism
• China had hostility toward the U.S. China had hostility toward the U.S. due to the U.S. support of due to the U.S. support of TaiwanTaiwan and and South Korea.South Korea.
US Ambassador, Mao Zedong, and
Jiang J ieshi during failed
peace negotiations.
1971: United States tries to 1971: United States tries to build relations with China.build relations with China.
Premier Zhou Enlai invited the American table tennis team to tour
China.
U.S. endorsed UN membership for the People’s Republic of China.
Nixon visited China and met with Mao.
1976: Mao Zedong Dies1976: Mao Zedong Dies
ModeratesModerates take control of China take control of China
Zhou EnlaiZhou Enlai had been the premiere since 1949 and was opposed had been the premiere since 1949 and was opposed
to the radicals during the cultural revolution. In the 1960’s China played no major to the radicals during the cultural revolution. In the 1960’s China played no major role in world affairs. China’s isolation worried Zhou and he began a role in world affairs. China’s isolation worried Zhou and he began a
campaign to improve relations with the United Statescampaign to improve relations with the United States
Film ClipFilm Clip
1980: Deng Xiaoping comes to power in China.1980: Deng Xiaoping comes to power in China.
Supports moderate economic polices
Willing to use capitalist ideas to help China’s economy.
Goal was to modernize China
Four ModernizationsFour ModernizationsDeng Xiaoping opposed Mao’s cultural Revolution and once in power he
set out to make practical reforms. His main goal was to “modernize” China by reforming the economy . He called for progress in the these four areas:
Deng Xiaoping opposed Mao’s cultural Revolution and once in power he set out to make practical reforms. His main goal was to “modernize” China by reforming the economy . He called for progress in the these four areas:
1. Agriculture2. Science and
Technology3. Defense4. Industry
Land Reforms and Consumer Land Reforms and Consumer GoodsGoods
CommunesCommunes were disbanded were disbanded and peasants were allowed to and peasants were allowed to rent former communal lands. rent former communal lands. This led to large increases in This led to large increases in
agricultural productivity, agricultural productivity, making China self sufficient making China self sufficient
in food.in food.
Under Mao, people had few Under Mao, people had few consumer products. China consumer products. China
began producing more began producing more consumerconsumer goods,goods, such as such as
radios radios and and televisions.televisions.
New Factory ManagementCentral planners lost some degree of control to local factory managers. Managers and workers were allowed to sell some of
their production to private buyers for a profit. Under this system food production increased by 50% in the years of 1978 to 1984.
The facility pictured here manufactures
industrial air conditioners. This is
a very successful, privately run
company, and the CEO places great
value on discipline and order.
The facility pictured here manufactures
industrial air conditioners. This is
a very successful, privately run
company, and the CEO places great
value on discipline and order.
Limited Capitalism
• Individuals were allowed to own small businesses• Owners were allowed to hire a small number of workers• Private sector became responsible for a large portion on China’s industrial
output.• As incomes increased people began to buy more appliances and televisions.
Skyline of Shanghai, China
Foreign InvestmentForeign InvestmentNew laws encouraged foreign investment. Investors brought needed capital and high-
technology to special enterprise zones in China.
China’s economy opened up to the world. Chinese students now wore western clothes and listened to western music due to foreign influence.
Soon, I ’l l be on a shelf at Walmart
and I’ll be sold for a very cheap
price!
Impact of China’s Industrial Revolution
Film ClipFilm Clip
List the positive and negatives of Deng List the positive and negatives of Deng Xiaoping's Four Modernizations.Xiaoping's Four Modernizations.
PositivePositive Peasants gained Peasants gained
individual farms.individual farms. Farmers and peasants Farmers and peasants
could profit from their could profit from their workwork
Food production Food production increased by 50%increased by 50%
Small business could Small business could operateoperate
China became more China became more open to the Westopen to the West
NegativeNegative Gap between the rich and poor Gap between the rich and poor
widenedwidened The public believe some The public believe some
government officials were corrupt.government officials were corrupt. Gap between coastal and western Gap between coastal and western
ChinaChina The Chinese began to see their lack The Chinese began to see their lack
of political freedom of political freedom Open the economy risked the Open the economy risked the
people challenging the government. people challenging the government. Neglect of Communist Neglect of Communist
indoctrinationindoctrination
“If you open up the window, some flies naturally get in”-Deng Xiaoping
1. What do you think Deng is referring to in this quote?2. How might this be a problem for the Chinese government?
Tiananmen Square and Tiananmen Square and the limits of Reformthe limits of Reform
• Although Chinese leaders encourage reform, they refused to abandon the Communist system.
• In 1989, college students peacefully demonstrated in Beijing’s Tiananmen Square for greater personal freedom and democracy.
• When students refuse to leave, an army of tanks fired on the demonstrators, killing hundreds.
Film Clip
"
"The Unknown Rebel" — This famous photo, taken by Associated Press photographer Jeff Widener, depicts a lone protester whose actions halted the progress of a column of advancing tanks for over half an hour.
• Western leaders reduced trade with China for a brief period. Since then, trade has resumed and China now has one of the fastest growing economies in the world.
• Tiananmen Square is recognized as a Human Rights Violation.
• Western leaders reduced trade with China for a brief period. Since then, trade has resumed and China now has one of the fastest growing economies in the world.
• Tiananmen Square is recognized as a Human Rights Violation.
The West RespondsThe West Responds
Capitalism without Capitalism without Democracy!Democracy!
Deng Xiaoping’s LegacyDeng Xiaoping’s Legacy For Deng
Xiaoping and the Chinese government, what is the danger of conducting massive capitalist reforms?
According to this cartoon, how will Deng Xiaoping be remembered?
Create a title for this cartoon.
China TodayChina TodayMany Chinese no longer see the immediate need for a democracy to be wise, Many Chinese no longer see the immediate need for a democracy to be wise,
preferring a slow move toward democracy. The focus is on economic preferring a slow move toward democracy. The focus is on economic development, development, nationalismnationalism, and restoring the prestige of China. , and restoring the prestige of China.
PopulationPopulationWith just over ____________ people, China is the world's most populous country. As the world's
population is approximately 6.5 billion, China represents a full 20% of the world's population so one in every five people on the planet is a resident of China.
With just over ____________ people, China is the world's most populous country. As the world's population is approximately 6.5 billion, China represents a full 20% of the world's population so one
in every five people on the planet is a resident of China.
One third of the population today is under 14, two-thirds are under 30. About three-quarters of the people live in rural areas, but urban centers are growing rapidly.
One third of the population today is under 14, two-thirds are under 30. About three-quarters of the people live in rural areas, but urban centers are growing rapidly.
1.3 billion
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QUESTION: What commonalities can you notice in these images?
(30-33)
One-Child PolicyOne-Child Policy
China's one child policy was established by Chinese leader _______________ in 1979 to
limit communist China's population growth. The policy
limits couples to one child.
China's one child policy was established by Chinese leader _______________ in 1979 to
limit communist China's population growth. The policy
limits couples to one child.
Additional children will result in large fines. The families are required to pay economic
penalties, and might be denied bonuses at their workplace.
Additional children will result in large fines. The families are required to pay economic
penalties, and might be denied bonuses at their workplace.
(29)
Chinese population video
Deng Xiaoping
Effects of the One-Child PolicyEffects of the One-Child Policy
(40)
(41)
(39)
1. Estimated to have reduced population growth. The fertility rate has fallen to 1.7 births per woman.
1. Estimated to have reduced population growth. The fertility rate has fallen to 1.7 births per woman.
2. Gender imbalance - the ratio is now 114 males for every 100 females. 2. Gender imbalance - the ratio is now 114 males for every 100 females.
3. Ethnic minorities have had their proportion in China grow.3. Ethnic minorities have had their proportion in China grow.
One Child Policy
Economic DevelopmentEconomic Development China is one of the world's top exporters and is attracting record amounts of foreign investment. In turn, it is investing billions of dollars abroad.
China is the largest oil consumer after the US, and the world's biggest producer and consumer of coal.
China is one of the world's top exporters and is attracting record amounts of foreign investment. In turn, it is investing billions of dollars abroad.
China is the largest oil consumer after the US, and the world's biggest producer and consumer of coal.
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Film Clip
There has been a massive investment in hydro-power, including the $25 billion Three Gorges Dam project. There has been a massive investment in hydro-power, including the $25 billion Three Gorges Dam project.
Three Gorges DamThree Gorges DamThe Chinese government regards the project as a historic engineering, social and economic
success, with the design of state-of-the-art large turbines, and a move toward limiting greenhouse gas emissions.
The Chinese government regards the project as a historic engineering, social and economic success, with the design of state-of-the-art large turbines, and a move toward limiting
greenhouse gas emissions.
However, the dam flooded archaeological and cultural sites and displaced some 1.3 million people, and is causing significant ecological changes, including an increased risk of landslides.
However, the dam flooded archaeological and cultural sites and displaced some 1.3 million people, and is causing significant ecological changes, including an increased risk of landslides.
Artificial IslandsArtificial Islands
China is rapidly building "a Great Wall" of artificial islands across hotly-contested waters. They want to control the vital shipping lanes and Natural gas reserves.
China is rapidly building "a Great Wall" of artificial islands across hotly-contested waters. They want to control the vital shipping lanes and Natural gas reserves.
U.S. Navy warship — the USS Fort Worth — sailed through the South China Sea
near islands China is building in an effort to extend its territorial claims.
The United States considers the area to be international waters, and the Philippine and Japanese navies have conducted exercises in the area in an attempt to
counter the Chinese claims.
U.S. Navy warship — the USS Fort Worth — sailed through the South China Sea
near islands China is building in an effort to extend its territorial claims.
The United States considers the area to be international waters, and the Philippine and Japanese navies have conducted exercises in the area in an attempt to
counter the Chinese claims.
Two Super Powers – Two Super Powers – New Cold War?New Cold War?
Film
“We must make persistent efforts, press ahead with indomitable will, continue to push forward the great cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics, and strive to achieve the Chinese dream of great
rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.” Xi Jinping
“We must make persistent efforts, press ahead with indomitable will, continue to push forward the great cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics, and strive to achieve the Chinese dream of great
rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.” Xi Jinping
Chinese Aggression? Chinese Aggression?
Xi JinpingXi JinpingPresident of President of the People’s the People’s Republic of Republic of
ChinaChina
