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CHEMICAL CONTROL OF FUSARIUM HEAD BLIGHT OF WHEAT
RUFUS AKINRINLOLA
DEPARTMENT of PLANT PATHOLOGY
PLPT 802
An above-ground disease of wheat, barley and rice.
FHB is caused by several species of Fusarium
FHB poses a global threat to the host crops
F. graminearum (Gibberella zeae); prevalent in United States
Favored by; high rainfall 2mm/day
Temperature range from 10-30°C, optimum 25°C
FUSARIUM HEAD BLIGHT (FHB)
Yuen and Schoneweis, 2007).
Symptoms:
Premature bleaching of
floret and spikelet
Damaged kernels:
discolored or shrivel
kernels
Fusarium head blight (FHB)
https://www.plantmanagementnetwork.org
HK FDK
https://pubs.ext.vt.edu
FHB PATHOGEN AND DISEASE CYCLE Common FHB species:• F. graminearum, • F. culmorum, • F. avenaceum, • F. poae and • F. triticum
Fernandez, et al, 2005, Bai & Shaner, 2004
Infective inoculum: Ascospores Macroconidia Hyphae
Primary inoculum Ascospores
Wide host range
• Wheat• Barley • Rice • Corn
Conidia
Perithecia
Ove
rwin
terin
g sp
ores
Mycotoxins in FDK seeds
DISEASE CYCLE OF FUSARIUM GRAMINEARUM
Sexual spore
Macroconidia
SPRI
NG
Winter
Summer
Fall
20-
25°C
Humidity > 80%
Optimum Moisture 0.2-2.5
1°Inoculum spread by wind and rainsplash
Seedborne infection
FHB reduces grains yields and quality of economic crop
FHB epidemics affect up to 26 states in the U.S in the 1990s
Yield loss (wheat and barley) close to $8 billion USD
between 1992-1993
The trichothecene mycotoxins is poisonous to human and
animals
FHB: ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE
Nganje et al, 2004; Champeil et al, 2004.
FACTS ABOUT FHB CONTROLS
No complete resistance against fusarium head blight
Fungicide treatment of fusarium head blight is inconsistent
Most effective control is by integrated management
FHB CHEMICAL CONTROL FACTORS
INOCULUM DENSITY VARIETY RESISTANCE CLIMATIC FACTOR FUNGICIDE
Inoculum Host varieties
Fungicide Climatic factor
FHB CHEMICAL CONTROL FACTORS
Inoculum
FHB CHEMICAL CONTROL FACTORS
HOST VARIETY - Fungicide translocation
- Flowering speed
- Susceptibility window
- Resistance to FHB
- Lodging
- Earliness
FHB CHEMICAL CONTROL FACTORS
CLIMATIC FACTORS
• Precipitation: 5mm/day
• Temperature range:10-30ºC,
• Optimum temperature:
25ºC
• High humidity
• Wet flowers
FHB CHEMICAL CONTROL FACTORS
THE FUNGICIDE FACTOR • Fungicide types • Time of application • Mode of application
FHB CHEMICAL CONTROL FACTORS
THE FUNGICIDE FACTOR • Fungicide types • Time of application • Mode of application
o Nozzle types • Hollow cone tips (Coneject)• Flat spray tips (Twinjet)
Mesterházy, 2014
FHB CHEMICAL CONTROL FACTORS
THE FUNGICIDE FACTOR • Fungicide types • Mode of application • Time of application • Types of nozzles
Mesterházy, 2014
o At flowering stage (Z61)o Mid-flowering stage (Z65)o Beginning of flowering and mid flowering
stage
FHB CHEMICAL CONTROL FACTORS
THE FUNGICIDE FACTOR • Fungicide types • Mode of application • Time of application • Types of nozzles
• Metconazole
• Tebuconazole
Mesterházy, 2014
FUNGICIDE TYPE
Mesterházy, 2014
METCONAZOLE AND TEBUCONAZOLE
Properties and mode of action Non –specific/broad spectrum
Are triazole fungicides
Prevents C14 demethylases activity
Demethylation/sterol biosynthesis inhibitor
Prevent spore formation
Inhibits mycelia growth Nufarm.com
‘MET’ AND ‘TEB’ FUNGICIDE PRODUCTS
http://www.epestsolutions.com/
‘MET’ AND ‘TEB’ FUNGICIDE PRODUCTS
Nufarm.comhttp://www.cropscience.bayer.in/Products
‘MET’ AND ‘TEB’ FUNGICIDE PRODUCTS
Application rate:4-30 Oz/Acre
http://www.domyownpestcontrol.com/
CONCLUSION
Chemical control of Fusarium head blight is inconsistent
Fungicides efficacy is affected by host, climatic and fungicide factors
There is no complete host resistance to fusarium head blight
Tebuconazole and metconazole containing fungicides are the most
effective against pathogen
DO YOU HAVE ANY QUESTION?
• Bai, G., & Shaner, G. (2004). Management and resistance in wheat and barley to Fusarium head blight 1. Annu. Rev. Phytopathol., 42, 135-161.
• Champeil, A., Dore, T., & Fourbet, J. F. (2004). Fusarium head blight: epidemiological origin of the effects of cultural practices on head blight attacks and the production of mycotoxins by Fusarium in wheat grains. Plant science, 166(6), 1389-1415.
• Fernandez, M. R., Selles, F., Gehl, D., DePauw, R. M., & Zentner, R. P. (2005). Crop production factors associated with Fusarium head blight in spring wheat in eastern Saskatchewan. Crop Science, 45(5), 1908-1916.
• Nganje, W. E., Kaitibie, S., Wilson, W. W., Leistritz, F. L., & Bangsund, D. A. (2004). Economic impacts of Fusarium head blight in wheat and barley: 1993-2001. Department of Agribusiness and Applied Economics, Agricultural Experiment Station, North Dakota State University.
• Safa, M., Samarasinghe, S., & Mohssen, M. (2009). Modeling fuel consumption in wheat production using neural networks.
• Yuen, G. Y., & Schoneweis, S. D. (2007). Strategies for managing Fusarium head blight and deoxynivalenol accumulation in wheat. International journal of food microbiology, 119(1), 126-130.
• Mesterházy, Á. (2014). Chemical Control of Fusarium Head Blight of Wheat.Mycotoxin Reduction in Grain Chains, 232-247.
• Nakajima, T. (2010). Fungicides application against Fusarium head blight in wheat and barley for ensuring food safety. INTECH Open Access Publisher.
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