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Emerging Technologies and Changing Teaching and Learning Prac4ces Prof Viv Bozalek, UWC Daniela Gachago, CPUT

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Presentation at THE DIGITAL UNIVERSITY A SYMPOSIUM IN CELEBRATION OF CHEC’S 20TH ANNIVERSARY 30 OCTOBER 2013 CO-HOSTED BY THE UNIVERSITY OF THE WESTERN CAPE

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Emerging  Technologies  and  Changing  Teaching  and  Learning  Prac4ces  

 Prof  Viv  Bozalek,  UWC  Daniela  Gachago,  CPUT  

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•  Current  context  and  challenges  in  HE    •  The  promise  of  Emerging  Technologies    •  NRF  project  on  Emerging  Technologies  •  Prac=ce  examples  using  Emerging  Technologies    for  teaching  and  learning  prac=ce  

•  Lessons  learnt…  

Structure  of  presenta4on  

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Current  context  

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Johnson  &  Adams  (2011:3)  

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•  Lack  of  ins=tu=onal  engagement    •  Educa=on’s  own  prac=ces  which  limit  uptake  of  new  technologies  

•  Demand  for  personalised  learning  is  not  adequately  supported  

•  Most  academics  are  not  using  new  technologies  for  learning  and  teaching  or  research  

Challenges  con4nued…  

Johnson  et  al.  (2013)  

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‘schools,  colleges  and  universi=es  are  aUemp=ng  to  teach  knowledge  and  skills  for  jobs  that  no  longer  exist,  and  …teachers  are  not  fully  involved  in  educa=onal  innova=on  and  curriculum  development’.  

  Open  University  Innova=ng  Pedagogy  (2012:7)  

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“Although  lecturers  and  students  are  seemingly  embracing  emerging  technologies  enthusias=cally,  it  is  taking  longer  for  ins=tu=ons  and  policy  makers  to  adopt  and  implement  them.  Ins4tu4ons  and  policy  makers  are  not  yet  fully  engaging  with  these  technologies  to  understand  the  usefulness  of  these  technologies  and  therefore  administra=ve  policies  may  slow  down  or  halt  adop=on.”  

COL  2008,  16  

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The  promise  of  emerging  technologies  

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Johnson,  L.,  Adams  Becker,  S.,  Estrada,  V.,  and  Marbn,  S  (2013).  Technology  Outlook  for  STEM+  Educa=on    2013-­‐2018:  An  NMC  Horizon  Project  Sector  Analysis.  Aus=n,  Texas:  The  New  Media  Consor=um.    

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•  table  on  top  trends  

table  on  top  trends  

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Although  the  use  of  emerging  technologies  is  on  the  rise  in  Higher  Educa=on  globally  and  locally,  it  is  seldom  used  in  a  way  that  facilitates  transforma=ve  teaching  and  learning.  

Ng’ambi,  Bozalek  &  Gachago  (in  press)    

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Emerging  pedagogies  

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Open  University  Innova=ng  Pedagogy  2012  and  

2013  report  

hUp://www.open.ac.uk/blogs/innova=ng/  

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the  innova=ons  are  not  independent,  but  fit  together  into  a  new  and  disrup=ve  form  of  educa=on  that  transcends  boundaries  between  formal  and  informal  seings,  ins=tu=onal  and  self-­‐directed  learning,  and  tradi=onal  educa=on  providers  and  commercial  organisa=ons    

Sharples  et  al  (2012:6)  

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E-­‐books  

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Publisher-­‐led  short  courses  

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Badges  to  accredit  learning  

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MOOCs  

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Open  access  

eurobasin.dtuaqua.dk  

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Seamless  learning  

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Learning  analy=cs  

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www.bris.ac.uk  

Personal  inquiry  learning  

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Emerging  Technologies  in  South  African  Higher  Educa4on  

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 ‘ICTs  in  South  African  HE’  NRF  project  

 

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How  could  qualita=ve  outcomes  in  educa=on  be  realised  by  using  emerging  technologies  to  transform  teaching  and  learning  interac=ons  and  paradigms  across  higher  educa=on  ins=tu=ons  in  South  Africa?      

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1.  What  are  the  technologies  academics  are  using?  2.  How  are  SA  lecturers  using  these  technologies?    3.  Is  the  use  of  these  technologies  transforming  teaching  

and  learning  prac=ces?  4.  Are  they  leading  to  qualita=ve  outcomes  for  students?    

Research  ques4ons  

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Phase 1 of Project - Survey In  what  ways  are  emerging  technologies  used  in  innova4ve  pedagogical  prac4ces  to  transform  teaching  and  learning  across  South  African  HEIs?    August  –  Sept  2011  

Phase  1:  Survey    

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RLO  

Use  of  emerging  technologies  in  SA  (n=262,  22  ins4tu4ons)  

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Most  innova4ve  T&L  prac4ce  with  technologies  

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So  what  is  emerging  in  Paris  may  be  some  years  off  emerging  in  Parys…  

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Emerging Technologies

Veletsianos (2010:3)

’tools,  concepts,  innova=ons,  and  advancements  u=lized  in  diverse  educa=onal  seings  to  serve  varied  educa=on-­‐related  purposes’  

George  Veletsianos  defini4on  of  ET  

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Mo4vators  for  use  

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Challenges  

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“Feedback  needs  to  be  regular  and  fresh  and  in  a  style  that  the  student  appreciate.  No  slacking  on  pos=ng  aner  hours,  no  maUer  what’s  happening  in  my  personal  or  professional  life.  If  students  see  your  commitment  to  staying  in  touch,  they  will  match  that  commitment  –  equal  or  beUer!”    

“…posi=ve  impact…  students  like  ducks  to  water….”  

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Learners  to  be  engaged  in  an  inven=ve  and  realis=c  task  that  provides  opportuni=es  for  complex  collabora=ve  ac=vi=es  Herrington  et  al.  2010    

Authen4c  learning  

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by  Arthur40A  (CC)  

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•  Shortlisted  to  70  case  studies  that  could  poten=ally  be  classified  as  authen=c  learning  

•  21  interviews  highest  poten=al  

•  Interviews  along  9  elements,  summary  of  data  

•  Presented  as  case  studies    

Phase  2:  Interviews    

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1.  Ci=zen  journalism  2.  Collabora=ve  women’s  

health  programme  3.  Digital  storytelling  in  

educa=on  4.  Adap=ve  management  of  

resources  /  Biodiversity  5.  Cri=cal  thinking  in  

Physiotherapy  

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Herrington’s  nine  elements  of  authen=c  learning  

•  Authen'c  context  •  Authen'c  task    •  Expert  performance    •  Mul'ple  perspec'ves  •  Collabora'on    •  Reflec'on    •  Ar'cula'on  •  Coaching  and  scaffolding  •  Assessment    

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Digital  storytelling  

….a  digital  story,  it’s  synthesised.  The  paper-­‐based  porsolios  were  big  files,  but  now  they  had  to  really  synthesise  all  that  informa=on,  categorise  it,  write  a  story  about  it  in  300  to  500  words;  so  they  had  to  really  pull  out  the  core  learning  experiences….    

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Blogging…    We  had  a  blog  and  people  felt  it  was  very  informal,  so  they  used  SMS  talk.  And  then  we  tried  to  translate  SMS  into  another  language  using  Google  translator  and  I  showed  them  it  didn’t  work.  And  then  I  said,  but  if  you  used  English  and  you  use  a  Google  translator  it  might  actually  work  and  so  what  you’re  doing  is  you’re  increasing  the  understanding  to  a  larger  number  of  the  popula=on  by  using  simple  but  structured  English.        

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Social  media  

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….because  the  students  find  safety  and  security  in  the  course  reader  and  knowing  in  inverted  commas  that  ‘these  are  all  the  answers’;  if  can  just  memorise  all  of  these  facts  then  I’m  going  to  be  okay.  And  what  we  are  saying  to  them,  now  there’s  no  more  facts,  now  what?  Because  when  they  graduate  they’ve  got  no  one  to  give  them  all  the  facts  and  we  need  to  give  them  the  skills  now  for  them  to  be  able  to  go  out  into  the  real  world  and  say,  oh,  I  don’t  have  this  answer.  Now  what  do  I  know?  What  do  I  need  to  find  out?  How  will  I  find  it  out?      

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•  Context  maUers  –  some=mes  an  LMS  is  s=ll  emerging  •  Passionate  educators  /  agency  more  transforma=ve  impact  that  ins=tu=onal  support  

•  We  are  learning  differently  –  focus  on  meaningful  learning  in  authen=c  contexts  

•  Power  to  the  learners  &  community!  •  Connec=ng  /  Par=cipa=ng  /  Global  ci=zenship  

Emerging  themes…  

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Emerging  themes…  

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Cloud-­‐based  tools  Generic  tools  become  pedagogical  tools  when  wrapped  around  pedagogy  and  learning  strategies  

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Any  ques4ons?  

hUp://emergingicts.blogspot.com/  

Thanks  to  the  Na4onal  Research  Founda4on  and  the  UWC  Teaching  and  Learning  Research  Fund  for  funding  this  project    

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 Bozalek,  V.,  Ng’ambi,  D.  and  Gachago,  D.  (in  press)  Transforming  teaching  with  emerging  technologies:  Implica=ons  for  Higher  

Educa=on  Ins=tu=ons,  South  African  Journal  of  Higher  Educa'on.  Henschke,  J.  A.  (2010).  Bringing  Together  Personal  Learning,  Higher  Educa=on  Ins=tu=ons  Elements,  and  Global  Support  for  a  Re-­‐

Orienta=on  towards  a  Focus  on  Lifelong  Learning  and  Educa=on.  In  Wang,  V.,  (Ed.),  Encyclopedia  for  Using  Technology  in  Adult  and  Career  Educa'on.  IGI  Global,  Hershey,  PA.  June,  2010.  

Herrington,  J.,  Reeves,  T.  and  Oliver,  R.  (2010)  A  Guide  to  Authen'c  e-­‐Learning.  New  York  &  London:  Routledge.  Johnson,  L.,  Adams,  S.,  and  Cummins,  M.  (2012).  Technology  Outlook  for  Australian  Ter=ary  Educa=on  2012-­‐  2017:  An  NMC  Horizon  

Report  Regional  Analysis.  Aus=n,  Texas:  The  New  Media  Consor=um  Johnson,  L.,  Adams  Becker,  S.,  Cummins,  M.,  Estrada,  V.,  Freeman,  A.,  and  Ludgate,  H.  (2013).  NMC  Horizon  Report:  2013  Higher  

Educa=on  Edi=on  Aus=n,  Texas:  The  New  Media  Consor=um.  hUp://www.nmc.org/publica=ons/  2013-­‐horizon-­‐report-­‐  higher-­‐ed(Accessed  23  February  2013).  

Ng’ambi,  D.,  Bozalek,  V.  &  Gachago,  D.  (in  press).  Empowering  educators  to  teach  using  emerging  technologies  in  higher  educa=on  –  A  case  of  facilita=ng  a  course  across  ins=tu=onal  boundaries.  Paper  to  be  presented  at  the  8th  Interna=onal  Conference  on  e-­‐Learning  ICEL  2013.  

Sharples,  M.,  McAndrew,  P.,  Weller,  M.,  Ferguson,  R.,  Fitzgerald,  E.,  Hirst,  T.,  Mor,  Y.,  Gaved,  M.,  Whitelock,  D.  2012.  Innova'ng  pedagogy  2012:  Exploring  new  forms  of  teaching,  learning  and  assessment,  to  guide  educators  and  policy  makers.  Open  University  Innova=on  Report  1.  Milton  Keynes:The  Open  University.  Available  at  hUp://www.open.ac.uk/blogs/innova=ng/      

Veletsianos,  G.  2010.  A  Defini=on  of  Emerging  Technologies  for  Educa=on.  .  In  G.  Veletsianos  (ed.)  Emerging  Technologies  in  Distance  Educa'on.  Theory  and  Prac'ce.  Edmonton:  AU  Press,  pp1-­‐22  

Vygotsky,  L.  1978.  Mind  in  Society:  The  Development  of  Higher  Psychological  Processes.  Cambridge:  Harvard  University  Press.  

References