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Charlotte Brontë (21 April 1816 – 31 March 1855) was an

English novelist and poet, the eldest of the three Brontë

sisters who survived into adulthood and whose novels have

become classics of English literature. She published her best

known novel, Jane Eyre, under the pen name Currer Bell.

Charlotte was born in Thornton, west ofBradford in the West Riding ofYorkshire, in 1816, the third of the sixchildren of Maria (née Branwell) andPatrick Brontë (formerly surnamed Bruntyor Prunty), an Irish Anglican clergyman.In 1820 her family moved a few miles tothe village of Haworth, where her fatherhad been appointed perpetual curate ofSt Michael and All Angels Church. Mariadied of cancer on 15 September 1821,leaving five daughters, Maria, Elizabeth,Charlotte, Emily and Anne plus a son,Branwell, to be taken care of by hersister, Elizabeth Branwell.

Juvenilia

The Young Men's Magazine, Number 1 – 3

(August 1830)

The Spell

The Secret

Lily Hart

The Foundling

The Green Dwarf

My Angria and the Angrians

Albion and Marina

Tales of the Islanders

Tales of Angria (written 1838–1839 – a

collection of childhood and young adult

writings including five short novels)

Mina Laury

Stancliffe's Hotel

The Duke of Zamorna

Henry Hastings

Caroline Vernon

The Roe Head Journal Fragments

Novels

Jane Eyre, published 1847

Shirley, published in 1849

Villette, published in 1853

The Professor, written before Jane Eyre, submitted at first along

with Wuthering Heights and Agnes Grey, then separately, and

rejected by many publishing houses, published posthumously in 1857

Emma, unfinished; Charlotte Brontë wrote only 20 pages of the

manuscript, published posthumously in 1860.

In recent decades at least two continuations of this fragment have

appeared:

Emma, by "Charlotte Brontë and Another Lady", published 1980;

although this has been attributed to Elizabeth Goudge, the actual

author was Constance Savery.

Emma Brown, by Clare Boylan, published 2003

Before the publication of Villette

Charlotte received a proposal of marriage

from Arthur Bell Nicholls, her father's

curate, who had long been in love with

her. She initially turned down his

proposal and her father objected to the

union at least partly because of Nicholls's

poor financial status. Charlotte meanwhile

was increasingly attracted to Nicholls and

by January 1854 she had accepted his

proposal. They gained the approval of her

father by April and married in

June. They took their honeymoon in

Kilkee, County Clare, Ireland.

Charlotte became pregnant soon after her wedding,but her health declined rapidly and, according toGaskell, she was attacked by "sensations of perpetualnausea and ever-recurring faintness." She died, withher unborn child, on 31 March 1855, aged 38. Herdeath certificate gives the cause of death as phthisis,but many biographers suggest that she died fromdehydration and malnourishment due to vomitingcaused by severe morning sickness or hyperemesisgravidarum. There is also evidence that she died fromtyphus, which she may have caught from TabithaAckroyd, the Brontë household's oldest servant, whodied shortly before her. Charlotte was interred in thefamily vault in the Church of St Michael and All Angelsat Haworth.