Characteristics of a

satisfactory case study

1.Continuity

2.Completeness of data

3.Validity of data

4.Confidential recording

5.Scientific synthesis

Continuity

Completeness

of data

Validity of data

Confidential recording

The cycle of case study and case work1.Recognition and determination of the status of phenomenon

2.Collection of data relating to the factors or circumstances associated with the given phenomenon

3.Diagnosis or identification of causal factors as a basis for remedial or developmental treatment

4.Application of remedial or adjustment measures

5.Subsequent follow-ups to determine the effectiveness of the corrective or developmental measures applied.

There should be no bias evolved in the selection and classification of content to be analyzed, in its sampling design and in the interpretation of results. To be objective, as much as possible, all items and aspects in the content to be analysed must be included and all must be placed under appropriate categories. When there is a large volume of documentary materials to be analysed and sampling is necessary, the valid principles of sampling must be applied .Otherwise, the materials selected for investigation may have some tendencies toward certain conditions that may adversely affect the true findings of the investigation. Also interpreting the results, objectivity must be observed as much as possible. The perception of the researcher must not be influenced by factors other than the true outcomes or the true frequency counts of the variables being inquired into.

Steps of the scientific methodrecognizing and determining the problem

Forming the hypothesis

Designing the study

Developing the instruments

Collecting the data

Analyzing the data

Making conclusion and recommendations

Content analysis of documentary materials is quantitative because interpretations and conclusions from the findings have to depend almost entirely on the frequency counts of the items or aspects studied. The occurrences of the item, aspect or phenomenon to be studied have to be tallied one by one and opun

frequency of the occurrence depends the analysis and interpretation.