Chapter1

Empowering Programs with Resources that Enhance Social

Work Education©2012, Cengage Learning, Brooks/ ©2012, Cengage Learning, Brooks/

Cole PublishingCole Publishing

Counsel on Social Work Education (CSWE) Defines Educational Policy and

Accreditation Standards (EPAS) Developed Ten “Core Competencies”

and 41 related “Practice Behaviors” Every Student should master the Practice

Behaviors and Core Competencies before completing their program

©2012, Cengage Learning, Brooks/ ©2012, Cengage Learning, Brooks/ Cole PublishingCole Publishing

The Textbook – “Helping Hands” icon call attention to content

that relates to Practice Behaviors and Competencies.

“Competency Notes” at the end of each chapter help put the Practice Behaviors and Competencies in practical context.

©2012, Cengage Learning, Brooks/ ©2012, Cengage Learning, Brooks/


The Practice Behaviors Workbook developed with the text provides assignable exercises that assist in mastering the Practice Behaviors and Competencies.

Additional Online Resources can be found a www.cengage.com/socialwork.


http://www.cengage.com/socialwork

The Symbiotic and Uneasy Relationship: Clients, Social

Workers, and the Welfare State


In the colonial period, released indentured servants often experienced poverty as they tried to eke out an existence on the American frontier

Poor immigrants encountered poverty, discrimination, and disease in the rough American cities of the 19th and early 20th centuries

Native Americans, African Americans, and Latinos encountered hostility from the broader society as they endeavored to improve their economic conditions or merely to retain their traditional lands and customs

2.1.3 ©2012, Cengage Learning, Brooks/ ©2012, Cengage Learning, Brooks/


Homeless persons in the 20th century had their counterparts in the 19th century, who were commonly called vagabonds

The predicament of people with AIDS in the 1980s and 1990s, in which a desperate medical condition is compounded by unfavorable health and social policies, was foreshadowed by the treatment of those with malaria, typhoid fever, cholera, and syphilis in earlier eras

The economic hardships of tens of millions of Americans in the recession of 2007 into 2011 were preceded by scores of other recessions in American history, as well as the Great Depression of the 1930s

2.1.3©2012, Cengage Learning, Brooks/ ©2012, Cengage Learning, Brooks/


A welfare state is an organized and societal response to the needs and rights of residents

A vast array of social policies form the foundation of welfare states that we can classify by their form, purpose, and the way they have been grouped or clustered in welfare states.



Needs-meeting policies Regulations Opportunity-enhancing policies Policies that establish and fund

social and medical services Education policies Civil rights policies



Referral and linkage policies

Equality-enhancing policies

Asset accumulation policies

Infrastructure development policies

Economic development policies

Protective policies

Preventive policies

Disaster relief policies


2.1.9

Civil Rights Acts of 1964 and 1965

Immigration legislation in 1966 Disabilities Act of 1990

2.1.8



Case-referral Brokerage-liaison Case-advocacy2.1.7


Asking Questions Do specific policies, implementing systems, and

funding advance values address the needs of specific populations, advancing social justice, preserving the self- determination of its beneficiaries, and preserving the confidentiality of consumer information?

Do specific policies actually help their beneficiaries—or do they harm or have no effect on clients?

Are specific policies and programs sufficiently cost effective, so that taxpayers are not paying exorbitant amounts for policies that have little or no positive effects on consumers?

2.13 ©2012, Cengage Learning, Brooks/ ©2012, Cengage Learning, Brooks/ Cole PublishingCole Publishing



Social workers develop their own personal and professional identities by examining and taking positions on controversial issues for i.e. we might think contemporary policies are deficient when we learn that:

Between 45,000 and 90,000 people spend the night on the streets in a single urban county (Los Angeles)About one-half of American prisoners possess substance abuse or mental health problems but receive little or no treatment within prisons or after their release

2.1.1


The United States ranks 84th among nations in the world in inequality, behind China, Egypt, Indonesia, Pakistan, and Russia

About 40 percent of persons who “graduate” from foster care at age 18 become homeless in the next three years

About 45 million Americans lacked health insurance in 2011



Federal, state, and local governments had relatively few resources in many historical eras as compared to contemporary society

Possessed relatively primitive administrative or implementation capabilities

Relatively low expectations about specific social problems such as not favoring civil rights legislation prior to the 1960s



While we may rightly criticize the failure of public officials to address specific problems in prior eras, we cannot expect them to exercise policy options that might be feasible in contemporary society

2.1.3
