Chapter 5

Public Policing and Private Security

Chapter 5

History of Police

Sir Robert Peel

Early Police Agencies

Professionalism

Technology

Texas State Patrol

The History of PoliceThe London Metropolitan Police

Sir Robert Peel’s legislation established the first organized police force in London Still plagued by corruption Unsuccessful at stopping crime Influenced by the wealthy

The History of PoliceLaw Enforcement in Colonial America

paralleled the British model Kept the peace and fought crime, also

collected taxes and supervised elections In rural areas, “slave patrols”

were an early form of law enforcement

The History of PoliceEarly Police Agencies

Boston, New York, Philadelphia Political Primitive Little training No education in the law Minimum supervision Unlimited discretion

The History of PoliceTwentieth-Century Reform

Police administrative boards to reduce corruption

State legislator takeover

The History of PoliceThe Emergence of Professionalism

The International Association of Chiefs of Police (IACP) Civil service police force Centralized organizational structure Specialized units

August Vollmer Instituting university training for young

officers.

The History of Police Technology

The first technological breakthrough in policing came in the area of communication

The History of Police Texas

formed the first statewide police agency in 1835

Modern Policing

Rising Crime Rate

LEAA

Unions

Rodney King

Modern Policing from the 1960s to the 1990sPolicing in the 1960s

U.S. Supreme Court Decisions designed to control police operations and procedures

Growing tension between police and public

Growing crime rate

Modern Policing from the 1960’s to the 1990’sPolicing in the 1970s

Law Enforcement Assistance Administration (LEAA) devoted a significant portion of its funds to police agencies Much of which was used for advanced

training of officers and research

Women and minority recruits


The police role was changing Police unions began to grow End of LEAA


Rodney King prompted an era of reform Reforms Community policing Diversity in police departments

Video: Crime Fighting

Does this video conform to what you thought the duties of a police officer involved?

Why or why not? How do you think these duties will be different in 10 years? 20 years?

Video: Discussion Questions

Policing Today

USDOJ

DHS

State, County, Local

Policing and Law Enforcement TodayThe U.S. Department of Justice is the

legal arm of the federal government Headed by the U.S. Attorney General Maintains several separate divisions that

are responsible for enforcing federal laws and protecting U.S. citizens Federal Bureau of Investigation

(FBI) Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco,

Firearms and Explosives (ATF) U.S. Marshals

The Department of Homeland Security (DHS) Preventing terrorist attacks within the

United States, reducing America’s vulnerability to terrorism, and minimizing the damage and aiding recovery from attacks that do occur Customs and Border Protection Immigration and Customs Enforcement U.S. Secret Service

Policing and Law Enforcement Today State Law Enforcement Agencies

Legislatively created to deal with the growing incidence of crime in nonurban areas

County Law Enforcement Agencies Some sheriff’s departments are exclusively law

enforcement oriented; some carry out only court-related duties; some are involved solely in correctional and judicial matters, and not in law enforcement

Local Law Enforcement Agencies make up the majority of the nation’s authorized law

enforcement personnel.

Private Policing

Private Security Video

Private Policing

Comparisons

Video: Private Security

How are private police different from public police?

Do you support the presence of private police in today’s criminal justice system? Why or why not?


Private PolicingA multi-billion-dollar industry

Well in excess of 10,000 firms More than 2 million employees

Some private security firms have become billion-dollar companies

Private Policing Reasons for Private Policing

Nongovernmental provision of important services, particularly crime control

Growth of mass private property

Belief that government police are not capable of providing the level of service and presence that the public desires

Private Policing Criticisms of Private Policing

Motive Replace government Applicability of Fourth Amendment

Private security guards are subject to Fourth Amendment requirements if they are performing services that are traditionally reserved for the police.

Private and Public Policing ComparedFocus on loss instead of crimePreventive methodsPrivate justicePrivate property

Types of Private PolicingProtective policing Intelligence policingPublicly contracted policingCorporate policing

Technology

IdentifyingLocating

InvestigatingMapping

FingerprintingBiometrics

DNASocial Media

Technology and Law Enforcement Identifying Criminals

Linking computer software Computerized imaging systems Data mining

Locating Criminals Gun detectors CCTV Enclosed Space Detection Systems Thermal imagers

Technology and Law EnforcementCrime Scene Investigation

High-definition surveying (HDS)

Crime Mapping Hot spots Alternative mapping initiatives GPS

Violent Crime in Providence, Rhode Island

Video: Fingerprinting

Discuss what fingerprint software does?

Why is fingerprint software better than using paper fingerprints?


Technology and Law EnforcementBiometrics

Fingerprint identification Voice Retina Facial features Handwriting

Automated Fingerprint Identification Systems (AFIS) A computerized fingerprint system

Technology and Law EnforcementDNA Testing

RFLP (restriction fragment length polymorphism)

PCR (polymerase chain reaction) FBI Forensic Science Research and

Training Center Combined DNA Index System (CODIS)

Technology and Law EnforcementSocial Media and Networking

Facebook MySpace Twitter

Lets Discuss Positives and Negatives Departments Use Officers Use

Education

Chapter 5