Chapter 4 Chapter 4 SkinSkin

The Integumentary System The Integumentary System

Disclaimer: Included in this presentation are pictures you will not find in your book, make note of the information and move on.

Working smarter is not working harder.

Episode IIEpisode II

Something's you didn’t know Something's you didn’t know

• Facial hair grows faster than any other hair on the body. In fact, if the average man never shaved his

beard it would grow to over 30 feet during his lifetime, longer than a killer whale.

Information check…

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Something's you didn’t know Something's you didn’t know

• Every day the average person loses 60-100 strands of hair. Unless you’re already bald, (Or Mr. Jackson)

Your hair loss will vary in accordance with the season, pregnancy, illness, diet and age.

Are you writing this down?

Something's you didn’t know Something's you didn’t know

• Women’s hair is about half the diameter of men’s hair. While it might sound strange, it shouldn’t come

as too much of a surprise that men’s hair should be coarser than that of women.

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Something's you didn’t know Something's you didn’t know

• One human hair can support 3.5 ounces. That’s about the weight of two full size candy

bars.

• The lifespan of a human hair is 3 to 7 years on average.

While you quite a few hairs each day, your hairs actually have a pretty long life providing they aren’t subject to any trauma.

Something's you didn’t know Something's you didn’t know

• The fastest growing nail is on the middle finger. • And the nail on the middle finger of your

dominant hand will grow the fastest of all.

So what about people who are ambidextrous?

Something's you didn’t know Something's you didn’t know

• You must lose over 50% of your scalp hairs before it is apparent to anyone. • You lose hundreds of hairs a day but you’ll

have to lose a lot more before you or anyone else will notice.

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obeyobey

The Skin and all it’s Wonders The Skin and all it’s Wonders

• Protection:Protection: Physical, Chemical, Bacterial, UV Radiation, Thermal (Cold & Heat), Desiccation (Drying out)

• Aids in Body Heat RegulationAids in Body Heat Regulation (remember our feedback loops?) • Too hot = sweating • Too cold = Goosebumps

• Excretion of Urea & Uric AcidExcretion of Urea & Uric Acid • Synthesizing of Vit D Synthesizing of Vit D (remember what Vit D

does?)

Functions of the Skin

Layers of the Skin:Layers of the Skin: Superficial Superficial Deep Deep

SurfaceSurface

DeepDeep

Layers of the Skin:Layers of the Skin: The Epidermis The Epidermis

Comes in 5’s layers: Superficial Deep

Stratum Corneum

Stratum Lucidum

Stratum Granulosum

Stratum Spinosum

Stratum Basale

Lets get into it shall we?

Layers of the Skin:Layers of the Skin: The Epidermis The Epidermis Stratum CorneumStratum Corneum

• 20-30 cell layers thick

• Accounts for ¾’s of the epidermal thickness

• Cells are completely filled with Keratin (a protein that is uber tough)

Keratin protects against:Keratin protects against: Water loss, biological, chemical & physical damage.

Layers of the Skin:Layers of the Skin: The Epidermis The Epidermis Stratum Lucidum Stratum Lucidum

Only found in the Hands and FeetHands and Feet.

Places where it is Hairless and Extra thick

(put inappropriate “Redneck” joke here)

Layers of the Skin:Layers of the Skin: The Epidermis The Epidermis

Stratum Granulosum Stratum Granulosum

A layer of granular cells that die and move to the surface becoming Keratinized.

You are calmYou are calm

Layers of the Skin:Layers of the Skin: The Epidermis The Epidermis

Stratum SpinosumStratum Spinosum

This layer is also referred to as the "spinous" or "prickle-cell" layer.

Keratinization Keratinization begins in the Stratum Spinosum.

Layers of the Skin:Layers of the Skin: The Epidermis The Epidermis Stratum BasaleStratum Basale

The deepest layer of the five layers of the epidermis

Undifferentiated, and they proliferate.

They create 'daughter' cells that migrate superficially, differentiating as they do so.

How in the World do I remember all How in the World do I remember all that?!?! that?!?!

Easy! Easy! ““Cows Like Grain Soaked Beer”Cows Like Grain Soaked Beer”

Corneum, Lucidum, Granulosum, Spinosum, Basale Outside In

Epidermis: Skin color Epidermis: Skin color 33 Things make up Skin Color

Melanin:Melanin: yellow, black, or reddish brown.

Carotene:Carotene: The stuff found in carrots, leafy orange and deep yellow vegetables.

Hemoglobin:Hemoglobin: The oxygen binding protein found in blood cells.

Moving deeper: The Dermis Moving deeper: The Dermis The sensitive connective tissue layer of the skin located below the epidermis.

Contains:Contains:

Nerve endings Sweat & Sebaceous glands

Blood and Lymph vessels.

The Dermis: Nerve EndingsThe Dermis: Nerve Endings

Please Turn to your left…

Poke your neighbor SOFTLY!!!!

The Dermis: Blood VesselsThe Dermis: Blood Vessels

Did you know?Did you know?The human body is estimated to have 60,000 miles of blood vessels. To put that in perspective, the distance around the earth is about 25,000 miles.

Imagine this is what lies under lies under the surfacethe surface of your skin.

The densities differ in parts, of course.

happinesshappiness

The Dermis: Lymph vessels The Dermis: Lymph vessels

Lymph Vessels:Lymph Vessels: a vascular duct that carries lymphlymph which is eventually added to the venous blood circulation

More on Lymph next Semester!!! ~Can’t Wait!!~More on Lymph next Semester!!! ~Can’t Wait!!~

The Dermis: Sweat Glands The Dermis: Sweat Glands

The sweat gland is a long, coiled, hollow tube of cells.

Duct: The coiled part in the dermis is where sweat is produced, and

Pore: the long portion is a that connects the gland to the opening or on the skin's outer surface.

All is wellAll is well

The Dermis: Sebaceous Glands The Dermis: Sebaceous Glands

Usually attached to hair follicles and release a fatty substance, sebumsebum, into the follicular duct and then to the surface of the skin.

SebumSebum helps to form the slightly greasy surface helps to form the slightly greasy surface film of the skin; helps keep the skin flexible & film of the skin; helps keep the skin flexible & prevents the skin’s loss of water.prevents the skin’s loss of water.

The Hypodermis The Hypodermis The hypodermis: the innermost and thickest layer of the skin.

Attached to the dermis by collagen and elastin fibers.

Is essentially composed of adipose (fat).

So what did we cover? So what did we cover? Epidermis is made up of 5 Layers. Epidermis is made up of 5 Layers. (Superficial)(Superficial)

Cows Like Grain Soaked Beer = Stratum: Corneum, Lucidum, Granulosum, Spinosum, Basale

Followed deeper by the Dermis.Followed deeper by the Dermis. (Deep)

The Dermis Contains: Hair, Sweat & Sebaceous Glands, Blood and Lymph vessels and finally Sensory Receptors.

Last is the Hypodermis.Last is the Hypodermis. (Deepest)

Composed of adipose and connected by elastic and collagen fibers.

Ok next time. Ok next time.

Skin Diseases, Bruises, Skin Diseases, Bruises,

and and Hot Seat!!!Hot Seat!!!

Lets make some skin!!!Lets make some skin!!!

• With each color of clay make a THIN layer of Each Epidermis.• Yellow = Corneum • Blue = Lucidum • Green = Granulosum• Red = Spinosum • Brown = Basale

Get in to your lab groups.Get in to your lab groups.

Epidermis Epidermis

Lets make some skin!!!Lets make some skin!!!

• Add a “Thick layer” of Blue clayBlue clay to Bottom of the Basale Layer • This is your Dermis.This is your Dermis.

• Add a “Medium Thickness layer” of Yellow ClayYellow Clay to the bottom of this. • This is your HypodermisThis is your Hypodermis

DermisDermis & Hypodermis & Hypodermis

This should give you an idea of This should give you an idea of what covers your body. what covers your body.

Clay Rule is still in effectClay Rule is still in effect so lets do our part not to give Mr. Vo a reason to

have fun?