Chapter 23Chapter 23

Political Political Paralysis in the Paralysis in the

Gilded AgeGilded Age

The “Bloody Shirt” Elects GrantThe “Bloody Shirt” Elects Grant

RepublicansRepublicansUlysses S. GrantUlysses S. Grant – elected in – elected in 18681868

““Bloody Shirt”Bloody Shirt” – – Civil War HeroCivil War Hero

Freedmen votesFreedmen votes

Democrats Democrats

““Ohio Idea”Ohio Idea” – – federal war federal war bonds redeemed bonds redeemed in greenbacksin greenbacks

Horatio SeymourHoratio Seymour – against “Ohio – against “Ohio Idea”Idea”

The Era of Good StealingsThe Era of Good Stealings

Jim FiskJim Fisk Jay GouldJay GouldTweed RingTweed RingThomas Thomas NastNast

A Carnival of CorruptionA Carnival of Corruption

Crédit Mobilier scandalCrédit Mobilier scandalinvolved the Union Pacific involved the Union Pacific Railroad and the Crédit Railroad and the Crédit Mobilier of America Mobilier of America construction companyconstruction company

Whiskey RingWhiskey Ring was a scandal, exposed in was a scandal, exposed in

1875, involving diversion of 1875, involving diversion of tax revenues in a tax revenues in a conspiracy among conspiracy among government agents, government agents, politicians, whiskey politicians, whiskey distillers, and distributorsdistillers, and distributors

The The Liberal RepublicanLiberal Republican Revolt of Revolt of 18721872

Urged Urged purificationpurification

Horace Horace GreeleyGreeley

Grant re-Grant re-nominatednominated

Depression, Deflation, and InflationDepression, Deflation, and Inflation

Panic of 1873Panic of 1873Hard/sound money Hard/sound money Soft/cheap moneySoft/cheap money

Resumption ActResumption Act provided for the redemption of provided for the redemption of

United States paper currency, United States paper currency, (greenbacks) in gold beginning (greenbacks) in gold beginning in 1879. This sound money in 1879. This sound money program reduced the amount program reduced the amount of paper money in circulation of paper money in circulation and restored confidence in itand restored confidence in it

““Crime of ’73”Crime of ’73”a much debated shift from a much debated shift from a bi-metallic standard to a a bi-metallic standard to a gold standard. Western gold standard. Western miners and others such as miners and others such as farmers called this the farmers called this the "Crime of '73""Crime of '73"

ContractionContractionless money in circulationless money in circulation

Greenback Labor PartyGreenback Labor Partyadvocated issuing large advocated issuing large amounts of money, amounts of money, believing this would help believing this would help people, especially farmers people, especially farmers by raising prices and by raising prices and making debts easier to making debts easier to pay.pay.

Bland-Allison Act of 1878Bland-Allison Act of 1878

enacted in response to enacted in response to the Crime of '73, the Crime of '73, demonetizing silver. demonetizing silver.

would re-allow the would re-allow the coinage of silvercoinage of silver

Pallid Politics in the Pallid Politics in the Gilded AgeGilded Age

RepublicansRepublicansPuritan rootsPuritan rootsStrict moral Strict moral codecode

Government Government regulationregulation

DemocratsDemocratsLutheran and Lutheran and CatholicCatholic

Toleration of Toleration of differencesdifferences

less government less government regulationregulation

RepublicansRepublicansMidwestMidwestSmall town Small town NortheastNortheast

FreedmenFreedmenGrand Army of Grand Army of the Republic the Republic (GAR)(GAR)veteransveterans

DemocratsDemocratsSouth South Northern Northern industrial industrial citiescities

immigrantsimmigrants

Mark Mark TwainTwain

Spoils Spoils systemsystempatronagepatronage

RepublicansRepublicans

StalwartStalwartssRoscoe Roscoe ConklingConkling

Half-breedsHalf-breedsJames G. James G. BlaineBlaine

Civil Civil service service reformreform

The Hayes-Tilden Standoff, 1876The Hayes-Tilden Standoff, 1876

RepublicanRepublicanRutherford Rutherford B. HayesB. Hayes

DemocratsDemocratsSamuel J. Samuel J. TildenTilden

The The Compromise of 1877Compromise of 1877 and the and the End of ReconstructionEnd of Reconstruction

Hayes Hayes becomes becomes PresidentPresident

Democrats Democrats want want Reconstruction Reconstruction endedended

The Birth of Jim Crow in the Post-The Birth of Jim Crow in the Post-Reconstruction South Reconstruction South

““Redeemers”Redeemers”SharecroppingSharecroppingTenant farmingTenant farmingCrop-lien systemCrop-lien system

Jim CrowJim Crow

Legal codes of Legal codes of segregationsegregation

Plessy v. FergusonPlessy v. Ferguson (1896)(1896)

LynchingLynching

Class Conflicts and Ethnic ClashesClass Conflicts and Ethnic Clashes

Panic of 1873Panic of 1873 Railroad strikeRailroad strike Chinese workersChinese workers Denis KearneyDenis Kearney Chinese Exclusion ActChinese Exclusion Act (1882) (1882) U.S. v. Wong Kim Ark U.S. v. Wong Kim Ark - 1898- 1898

Garfield and ArthurGarfield and ArthurRepublican Republican Old GuardOld Guardagainst against HayesHayes

Winfield S. Winfield S. HancockHancock Democratic Democratic candidatecandidate

Republican Republican dark-horse dark-horse elected in elected in 18801880

James A. James A. GarfieldGarfield assassinatassassinated in 1881ed in 1881

by by Charles Charles J. GuiteauJ. Guiteau

Chester A. ArthurChester A. Arthurpassed passed Pendleton Pendleton Civil Civil Service Service ActAct (1883) (1883)

The Blaine-Cleveland Mudslingers The Blaine-Cleveland Mudslingers of 1884of 1884

James G. BlaineJames G. Blaine RepublicanRepublican Known for Known for

corruptioncorruption Ruined by Ruined by

phrase phrase “Rum, “Rum, Romanism, and Romanism, and Rebellion”Rebellion”

Grover ClevelandGrover Cleveland DemocratDemocrat Illegitimate Illegitimate

sonson MugwumpsMugwumps

Republican Republican reformers reformers turned to turned to ClevelandCleveland

““Old Grover” Takes OverOld Grover” Takes Over

First Democrat in 28 First Democrat in 28 yearsyears

Laissez-faireLaissez-faireMerit systemMerit systemMilitary pensionsMilitary pensions

Cleveland Battles for a Lower TariffCleveland Battles for a Lower Tariff

Tariffs increased Tariffs increased during the warduring the war

Pork-barrel billsPork-barrel bills

Benjamin HarrisonBenjamin HarrisonRepublicanRepublicanElected in Elected in 18881888

The The Billion Dollar CongressBillion Dollar Congress

Thomas B. Thomas B. ReedReedRepublicanRepublicanDomineerinDomineering Speaker g Speaker of the of the HouseHouse

William McKinleyWilliam McKinley McKinley McKinley TariffTariff

The Drumbeat of DiscontentThe Drumbeat of Discontent

PopulistsPopulists – – 18921892 James B. James B.

WeaverWeaver 22 electoral 22 electoral

votesvotes Homestead Homestead

StrikeStrike

The SouthThe SouthTom Tom WatsonWatson

Poll taxesPoll taxesGrandfatheGrandfather clauser clause

Cleveland DepressionCleveland Depression

Cleveland Cleveland elected elected (again) in (again) in 18931893

Adlai Adlai StevensonStevenson

William Jennings BryanWilliam Jennings Bryan

Pro-Pro-silversilver

Repeal of Sherman Silver Repeal of Sherman Silver Purchase ActPurchase Act

J.P. MorganJ.P. MorganBankers Bankers loaned loaned governmengovernment 65 million t 65 million in goldin gold

Cleveland Breeds a BacklashCleveland Breeds a Backlash

““forgettable forgettable presidents”presidents”