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Models of SettlementEnglish Colonial Societies, 1590–1710

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Models of Settlement

I. The Chesapeake Colonies

II. New England

III. The Caribbean Colonies

IV. The Restoration Era and the Proprietary Colonies

V. The Crises of the Late Seventeenth Century

VI. The Whig Ideal and the Emergence of Political Stability

ENGLISH COLONIAL SOCIETIES, 1590–1710

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The Chesapeake Colonies

A. The Founding of Jamestown

B. Tobacco Agriculture and Political Reorganization

C. Lord Baltimore’s Refuge: Maryland

D. Life in the Chesapeake: Tobacco and Society

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The Founding of Jamestown

Why did Jamestown turn out to be such a poor choice for a permanent settlement?

What was the “starving time”?

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Choices and Consequences

• English settlers kidnapped Matoaka (Pocahontas) hoping to force her people, the Powhatan, to accept a peace treaty.

• During her captivity, Matoaka learned English, became a Christian, and adopted a new name: Rebecca.

• John Rolfe, an English widower, proposed marriage to Rebecca/Matoaka.

THE ORDEAL OF POCAHONTAS

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Choices and Consequences

Rebecca/Matoaka’s Choices Regarding Marriage

THE ORDEAL OF POCAHONTAS

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Reject the offer of marriage and

remain captiveAttempt to escape

Marry Rolfe and then help forge a

Powhatan-Virginia alliance

Choices and Consequences

Decision and Consequences• Rebecca/Matoaka chose to marry Rolfe.• She gained her freedom and Rolfe’s high status.• She became a mediator between the Powhatan and

the English settlers.

What role did women play in Native American diplomacy?

THE ORDEAL OF POCAHONTAS

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Choices and Consequences

Continuing Controversies

•How do Indian conceptions of gender roles help explain Pocahontas’s decision to marry?

THE ORDEAL OF POCAHONTAS

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Tobacco Agriculture and Political Reorganization

What important reforms did Sir Edwin Sandys implement in 1618?

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Tobacco Agriculture and Political Reorganization

Headright – An incentive system to encourage additional immigrants by giving 50 acres to any man who would pay his own fare to Virginia and 50 additional acres for each person brought with him

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Lord Baltimore’s Refuge: Maryland

What was a proprietor?

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Lord Baltimore’s Refuge: Maryland

Proprietor – This English legal title carried with it enormous political power, giving its possessor almost king-like authority over his domains.

– Colonial proprietors carried similar powers.

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Life in the Chesapeake:Tobacco and Society

How did the unbalanced sex ratio of the Chesapeake affect gender roles in this colonial region?

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New England

I. Plymouth Plantation

II. A Godly Commonwealth

III. Challenges to Puritan Orthodoxy

IV. Expansion and Conflict

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Plymouth Plantation

Why were English reformers called Puritans?

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Images as History

What does Jan Steen’s painting tell us about the world English Separatists encountered in Holland?

CORRUPTION VERSUS PIETY

Images as History

One small child smokes a pipe; another is stealing from someone’s purse.

The animals represent vice and disorder.

The duck on the man’s shoulder mocks his false piety.

The woman in the center of the painting is dressed immodestly and leers at the viewer.

CORRUPTION VERSUS PIETY

A Godly Commonwealth

Why did John Winthrop describe New England as “a city upon a hill?”

What does John Cotton’s interpretation of the Fifth Commandment reveal about Puritan society?

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Envisioning EvidencePATTERNS OF SETTLEMENT IN NEW ENGLAND

AND THE CHESAPEAKE COMPARED

Envisioning Evidence

What were the most important differences in the settlement patterns typical of the Chesapeake and New England?

PATTERNS OF SETTLEMENT IN NEW ENGLAND AND THE CHESAPEAKE COMPARED

Challenges to Puritan Orthodoxy

What do New England’s laws reveal about its culture?

Why was Ann Hutchinson such a threat to the Puritan elite?

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Challenges to Puritan Orthodoxy

Quakers – The Society of Friends, who believed each individual possessed a divine spark of grace, an inner light that could lead to salvation

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Competing Visions

Why did Puritans oppose religious toleration?

ANTINOMIANISM OR TOLERATION: THE PURITAN DILEMMA

Some Puritans, such as Nathaniel Ward, opposed religious toleration because they believed it led to ethical relativism and moral anarchy; they believed religion was needed to guide behavior.

Roger Williams, who favored tolerance, believed the religious and secular spheres were entirely separate; freedom in one sphere had no necessary implications for actions in the other sphere.

The Caribbean Colonies

I. Power Is Sweet

II. Barbados: The Emergence of a Slave Society

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Power Is Sweet

Why did the Caribbean become the jewel in the crown of England’s colonial empire?

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Barbados: The Emergence of a Slave Society

Why did Barbados turn to slavery as its primary source of labor?

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The Restoration Era and the Proprietary Colonies

I. The English Conquest of the Dutch Colony of New Netherland

II. A Peaceable Kingdom: Quakers in Pennsylvania

III. The Carolinas

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The Restoration Era and the Proprietary Colonies

What was the Restoration?

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The Restoration Era and the Proprietary Colonies

Restoration – In 1660 Charles II became king of England, restoring the monarchy to power after the Civil War and Cromwellian rule

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The English Conquest of the Dutch Colony of New Netherland

A Peaceable Kingdom: Quakers in Pennsylvania

How did Pennsylvania embody Quaker ideals?

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The Carolinas

How did the Restoration-era colonies differ from earlier colonies on the issue of religious toleration?

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The Crises of the Late Seventeenth Century

I. War and Rebellion

II. The Dominion of New England and the Glorious Revolution

III. The Salem Witchcraft Hysteria 

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War and Rebellion

What were the main causes of Bacon’s Rebellion?

What economic and demographic forces contributed to the emergence of slavery in the Chesapeake region?

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War and Rebellion

Bacon’s Rebellion – A popular uprising in Virginia in 1676 named after its leader, Nathaniel Bacon

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The Dominion of New England and the Glorious Revolution

What was the Glorious Revolution?

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The Dominion of New England and the Glorious Revolution

Glorious Revolution – The relatively bloodless revolution that led to the ascension of William and Mary, which was widely seen as a vindication for English liberty

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The Salem Witchcraft Hysteria

New Englanders believed that the Devil made his minions sign a book or contract for what purpose?

What was spectral evidence?

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The Whig Ideal and the Emergence of Political Stability

I. The Whig Vision of Politics

II. Mercantilism, Federalism, and the Structure of Empire

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The Whig Vision of Politics

What religious ideas were associated with the Glorious Revolution?

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The Whig Vision of Politics

Whigs (English, 17th Century) – The group that supported parliamentary power after the Glorious Revolution

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Mercantilism, Federalism, and the Structure of Empire

What was the theory of mercantilism?

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Mercantilism, Federalism, and the Structure of Empire

Mercantilism – Theory of empire that advocated strict regulation of trade between colonies and the mother country to benefit the latter

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