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science form 1 chapter 2
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23
CHAPTER2
WORD UP!The BIG Picture!
Cell as a Unit of Life
Chapter
2
• Cell organisation – Organisasi sel
• Cellulose – Selulosa
• Chlorophyll – Klorofil
• Chloroplast – Kloroplas
• Cytoplasm – Sitoplasma
• Multicellular organism – Organisma multisel
• Nucleus – Nukleus
• Unicellular organism – Organisma unisel
• Vacuole – Vakuol
Year Paper 1Paper 2
PMR Past-year Questions
Sec. A Sec. B
2005 Q2 Q1
2006 Q2, Q3 Q7
2007 Q3, Q4 Q7
2008 Q2, Q3
2009 Q3
23
Konsep PENTING!
Sel sebagai Unit Asas Hidupan
Bab
2ISTILAH!• Organisasi sel – Cell organisation
• Selulosa – Cellulose
• Klorofil – Chlorophyll
• Kloroplas – Chloroplast
• Sitoplasma – Cytoplasm
• Organisma multisel – Multicellular organism
• Nukleus – Nucleus
• Organisma unisel – Unicellular organism
• Vakuol – Vacuole
Tahun Kertas 1Kertas 2
Soalan Tahun-tahun Lepas PMR
Bhg. A Bhg. B
2005 S2 S1
2006 S2, S3 S7
2007 S3, S4 S1
2008 S2, S3
2009 S3
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2
BA
B1
Namakan radas makmal dalam jadual di bawah.
Kelalang kon Buret Balang gas Tungku kaki tigaTabung didih Bikar Rod kaca Kelalang dasar bulatTabung uji Pipet Takung kaca Corong turasSilinder penyukat Kasa dawai Mangkuk pijar Corong tiselKelalang volumetri Kaki retort Mangkuk penyejat Penunu Bunsen
1.1 HP • Menerangkan kepentingan sains dalam kehidupan harian• Menyenaraikan perkara di sekeliling anda yang berkaitan
dengan sains
1.2 HP • Menggunakan radas saintifik yang umum dalammakmal
1
Tabung uji
6
Silinder penyukat
2
Tabung didih
7
Pipet
3
Bikar
8
Buret
4
Kelalang kon
9
Kelalang dasar bulat
5
Kelalang volumetri
10
Corong tisel
Objektif Pembelajaran1.1 Memahami sains adalah sebahagian daripada kehidupan harian
1.1 PERBINCANGANAktiviti Sains dan fenomena semula jadi
Kontekstual
1.2 PERBINCANGANAktiviti Radas makmal dan kegunaannya
Kontekstual
✓ ✓
✓ ✓
Tandakan (✓) dalam petak yang disediakan bagi fenomena semula jadi.
Objektif Pembelajaran1.2 Mengetahui langkah-langkah keselamatan dan radas dalam makmal sains
2CHAPTER
1
Name the laboratory apparatus in the table below.
Conical flask Burette Gas jar Tripod standBoiling tube Beaker Glass rod Round-bottomed flaskTest tube Pipette Glass trough Filter funnelMeasuring cylinder Wire gauze Crucible Thistle funnelVolumetric flask Retort stand Evaporating dish Bunsen burner
1.1 LO • Explain the importance of science in everyday life• Make a list of things around you that are related to
science
1.2 LO • Use some common scientific apparatus in thelaboratory
1
Test tube
6
Measuring cylinder
2
Boiling tube
7
Pipette
3
Beaker
8
Burette
4
Conical flask
9
Round-bottomed flask
5
Volumetric flask
10
Thistle funnel
✓ ✓
✓ ✓
Mark (✓) in the boxes provided the natural phenomena.
1.1DISCUSSION
Activity
Learning Objective1.1 Understanding that science is part of everyday life
Science and natural phenomenaContextual
1.2DISCUSSION
ActivityLaboratory apparatus and their uses
Contextual
Learning Objective1.2 Knowing the safety percautions and apparatus in a science laboratory
Chapter 2
Cell as a U
nit of Life
Cha
pter
2C
ell a
s a
Uni
t of
Lif
eM
IND
Ro
bic
s MIN
DR
ob
ics
2424
24CHAPTER
2
To compare the structure of (a) cheek cells and (b) epidermal cells of an onion
Toothpick, filter paper, blue methylene solution, iodine solution
Microscope, cover slips, slides, dropper, razor blade, forceps
To observe the structure of cheek cells
1 Using the blunt end of a clean toothpick, carefully scrape some cells from the insideof your cheek.
2 Spread the scrapings onto a clean slide.3 Add a drop of blue methylene solution to the smear.4 Place a cover slip at an angle to the solution on the slide. Slowly slide the cover slip
to cover the specimen without trapping any air bubbles.5 Clear and dry up any solution on the slide and around the cover slip with a filter
paper.6 Examine the cheek cells under the microscope, first on low magnification, then on
high magnification. Draw and label the structure of the cheek cell in the spaceprovided.
To observe the structure of epidermal cells of an onion
1 Peel off an epidermal layer of the leaf from an onion with a razor blade and forceps.2 Place a 5 mm piece of the epidermal onion leaf on a clean slide.3 Add two drops of iodine solution to the epidermal onion leaf.4 Place a cover slip at an angle to the solution on the slide. Slowly slide the cover slip
to cover the specimen without trapping any air bubbles.5 Clear and dry up any solution on the slide and around the cover slip with a filter
paper.6 Examine the onion cell under the microscope, first on low magnification, then on
high magnification. Draw and label the structure of the onion cell in the spaceprovided.
PROCEDURE
SECTION B
PROCEDURE
SECTION A
APPARATUS
MATERIALS
AIM
eye lens
objective lens
slideclip
stage
diaphragm
mirror
base
coarse focus control
fine focus control
Microscope operating manual1 Place the microscope with its
mirror facing a light source.2 Adjust the mirror to allow
maximum light to fall onto themirror and reflect into themicroscope tube.
3 Place the slide onto the stageand ensure that the specimen isin the centre of the aperture.
4 Adjust the coarse focus controlto focus on the specimen.
2.1 LO • Identify that cell is the basic unit of living things• Prepare slides following the proper procedures• Use a microscope properly• Identify the general structures of animal cells and plant cells• Draw the general structures of an animal cell and a plant cell• Label the general structures of an animal cell and a
plant cell
2.1 LO • State the function of each cell structure• State the similarities and differences between an animal
cell and a plant cell
SMS• Ensure that the
toothpick is clean.
Refer to Essential Science Form 1, Laboratory Activities2.1 & 2.2, p. 36–37; Essential Science PMR, Preparingcell slides, p. 28
2.1INQUIRY
Experiment PEKA
Learning Objective2.1 Understanding cells
Cell as a basic unit of animals and plantsInquiry-discovery
24
BA
B2
Membandingkan struktur (a) sel pipi dan (b) sel epidermis bawang
Pencungkil gigi, kertas turas, larutan metilena biru, larutan iodin
Mikroskop, penutup kaca, sisip kaca, penitis, pisau cukur, forsep
Memerhati struktur sel pipi
1 Ambil sebatang pencungkil gigi dan kikis bahagian dalam pipi anda dengan berhati-hati.2 Palitkan pencungkil gigi tersebut di atas sekeping slaid yang bersih.3 Titiskan setitik larutan metilena biru di atas slaid.4 Letakkan satu penutup kaca pada satu sudut kepada larutan di atas sisip kaca.
Dengan perlahan-lahan, turunkan penutup kaca untuk menutupi spesimen supayatiada gelembung udara terperangkap.
5 Bersihkan dan keringkan sekeliling kaca penutup dengan menggunakan kertas turas.6 Perhatikan sel pipi di bawah mikroskop dengan menggunakan kuasa pembesaran
rendah, diikuti dengan kuasa pembesaran yang lebih tinggi. Lukis dan label sel pipipada ruang yang disediakan.
Memerhati struktur sel epidermis bawang
1 Kupas satu lapisan epidermis daripada kulit suatu bawang dengan menggunakanpisau cukur dan forsep.
2 Letakkan potongan kulit bawang kira-kira sebesar 5 mm di atas slaid yang bersih. 3 Titiskan dua titik larutan iodin di atasnya dengan menggunakan penitis.4 Letakkan satu penutup kaca pada satu sudut kepada larutan di atas sisip kaca.
Dengan perlahan-lahan, turunkan penutup kaca untuk menutupi spesimen supayatiada gelembung udara terperangkap.
5 Bersihkan dan keringkan larutan sekeliling kaca penutup dengan menggunakan kertasturas.
6 Perhatikan sel bawang di bawah mikroskop dengan menggunakan kuasa pembesaranrendah, diikuti dengan kuasa pembesaran yang lebih tinggi. Lukis dan labelkan selbawang pada ruang yang disediakan.
PROSEDUR
BAHAGIAN B
PROSEDUR
BAHAGIAN A
RADAS
BAHAN
TUJUAN
kanta mata
kanta objekpentasslaidklipdiafragma
cermin
tapak
pelaras kasar
pelaras halus
Manual penggunaan mikroskop1 Letakkan mikroskop berhadapan
dengan sumber cahaya.2 Laraskan cermin sehingga
cahaya paling cerah dapat dilihatmenerusi mikroskop.
3 Letakkan slaid di atas pentasdan pastikan spesimen beradadi tengah lubang.
4 Pusingkan skru pelaras untukmemfokuskan spesimen.
2.1 HP • Mengenal pasti bahawa sel adalah unit asas hidupan• Menyediakan slaid mengikut langkah yang betul• Menggunakan mikroskop dengan betul• Mengenal pasti struktur am sel haiwan dan sel
tumbuhan• Melukis struktur am sel haiwan dan sel tumbuhan
2.1 HP • Melabel struktur am sel haiwan dan sel tumbuhan• Menyatakan fungsi setiap struktur sel • Menyatakan persamaan dan perbezaan antara sel
haiwan dan sel tumbuhan
KMS• Pastikan pencungkil
gigi bersih
Rujuk kepada Essential Science Form 1, Aktiviti Makmal2.1 & 2.2, hlm. 36–37; Essential Science PMR,Preparing cell slides, hlm. 28
2.1 INKUIRIEksperimen PEKA
Objektif Pembelajaran2.1 Memahami sel
Sel sebagai unit asas haiwan dan tumbuhanInkuiri-penemuan
DISCUSSIONActivity2.2 6 Label structures X, Y and Z for the animal cell below.
X
Y
Z
( X: Cell membraneY: NucleusZ: Cytoplasm)
7 Label structures P, Q, R, S, T and U for the plant cell below.
STU
R
Q
P
( P: Cell wall S: CytoplasmQ: Cell membrance T: VacuoleR: Chloroplast U: Nucleus)
2.1 Understanding cellsINQUIRY
Experiment PEKA2.1 1 What is the basic unit of life? (Cell) 2 Name two structures found in plant cells but not in animal cells. (Cell wall and chloroplast) 3 Why plant cell has a fi xed shape? (Plant cell has a cell wall) 4 State two animal cells that contain vacuole. (Amoeba and Paramecium) 5 State two structures of cell that make up the cell protoplasm. (Nucleus and cytoplasm)
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Chapter 2
Cell as a U
nit of Life
Cha
pter
2C
ell a
s a
Uni
t of
Lif
eM
IND
Ro
bic
s MIN
DR
ob
ics
2525
25
CHAPTER2
1 Which of the cells has a fixed shape, the cheek cell (animal cell) or the epidermal cellof onion (plant cell)?
2 What causes the shape of a cheek cell to be different from the shape of an onion’sepidermal cell?
The cheek cell does not have a as do the cells ofplants like the onion.
3 Classify the observed cells into animal cell and plant cell.
4 Study the cheek cell (animal cell) and the epidermal cell (plant cell) drawn above.Then, tick (✓) the structures that can be found in the cheek cell and the epidermalcell of onion.
Cell structure Cheek cell Epidermal cell
(animal cell) (plant cell)
Nucleus
Cytoplasm
Cell membrane
Cell wall
Vacuole
5 What is cell protoplasm?
Protoplasm is the part of cell that consists of and
.6 Name two low level animals that contain vacuole.
1 A cell is a of life.
2 Animal and plant cells have a few and
.differences
similarities
basic unit CONCLUSION
Amoeba and Paramecium
cytoplasm
nucleus
✓
✓
✓✓
✓✓
✓✓
cell wall
The epidermal cell of onion
ANALYSIS
Cheek cell Epidermal cell of onion
cell membrane
cytoplasm
nucleus
cell membrane
cytoplasm
nucleus
vacuolecell wallOBSERVATION
Animal cell Plant cell
Cheek cell Onion cell
E1C6
E1C8
E1C2
E1C
1268S
TSTS• Comparing and
contrasting
SPS• Classifying
E1C1
25
BA
B2
1 Sel yang manakah mempunyai bentuk yang tetap, sel pipi (sel haiwan) atau selepidermis bawang (sel tumbuhan)?
.
2 Apakah yang menyebabkan bentuk sel pipi berbeza daripada bentuk sel epidermisbawang?
Sel pipi tidak mempunyai seperti yang terdapatpada sel epidermis bawang.
3 Kelaskan sel-sel yang diperhatikan kepada sel haiwan dan sel tumbuhan.
4 Kaji sel pipi (sel haiwan) dan sel epidermis bawang (sel tumbuhan) yang dilukis diatas. Kemudian, tandakan (✓) pada struktur yang boleh ditemui pada sel pipi dan selepidermis bawang.
Struktur sel Sel pipi Sel epidermis bawang
(sel haiwan) (sel tumbuhan)
Nukleus
Sitoplasma
Membran sel
Dinding sel
Vakuol
5 Apakah protoplasma sel?
Protoplasma sel adalah bahagian sel yang terdiri daripada dan
.
6 Namakan dua haiwan peringkat rendah yang mengandungi vakuol.
1 Sel ialah bagi benda hidup.
2 Sel haiwan dan sel tumbuhan mempunyai beberapa dan
.perbezaan
persamaan
unit asasKESIMPULAN
Ameba dan paramesium
sitoplasma
nukleus
✓
✓
✓✓
✓✓
✓✓
dinding sel
Sel epidermis bawang
ANALISIS
Sel pipi Sel epidermis bawang
membran sel
sitoplasma
nukleus
membran sel
sitoplasma
nukleus
vakuoldinding sel
PEMERHATIAN
Sel haiwan Sel tumbuhan
Sel pipi Sel bawang
E1C6
E1C2
E1C
1268S
KBSB• Membandingkan dan
membezakan
KPS• Mengelaskan
E1C8
E1C1
DISCUSSIONActivity2.3 8 Based on the given descriptions, determine the type of cell (animal cell or plant cell).
(a) A cell has a cell wall. (Plant cell) (b) A cell has a chloroplast. (Plant cell) (a) A cell has a cell membrane but does not have a fi xed shape. (Animal cell)
DISCUSSIONActivity2.4 9 State the function of a nucleus. (Controls all activities in the cell)
10 State the function of a cell membrane. (Protects the cell) 11 What is the function of a cell wall? (Maintains the shape of the cell/Protects the cell)
12 What is the structure of a cell that contains chlorophyll to carry out photosynthesis? (Chloroplast) 13 Explain why plant cells can carry out photosynthesis. (Plant cells contain chloroplast/chlorophyll)
F1MR-ch2(23-34).indd 25F1MR-ch2(23-34).indd 25 7/22/10 10:30:38 AM7/22/10 10:30:38 AM
26
CHAPTER2
2 Circle the organisms which have the cell structure as shown below.
starfish Mucor moss
rabbit fern eagle
2.2 LO • Label animal cell and plant cell
1 Label the following diagrams of animal and plant cells.
Animal cell
(a)
(b)
(c)
Cell membrane
Nucleus
Cytoplasm
Plant cell
(d)
(e)
(f)
(g)
(h)
(i)
Cell wall
Cell membrane
Chloroplast
Vacuole
Cytoplasm
Nucleus
Cell wall Cytoplasm
Chloroplast Vacuole
Nucleus Cell membrane
2005 Sec. A, Q1(a)
2.2DISCUSSION
ActivityStructures of animal and plant cells
Mastery
26
BA
B2
2 Bulatkan organisma yang mempunyai struktur sel seperti yang ditunjukkan di bawah.
Sel haiwan
(a)
(b)
(c)
Membran sel
Nukleus
Sitoplasma
Sel tumbuhan
(d)
(e)
(f)
(g)
(h)
(i)
Dinding sel
Membran sel
Kloroplas
Vakuol
Sitoplasma
Nukleus
Dinding sel Sitoplasma
Kloroplas Vakuol
Nukleus Membran sel
1 Label rajah sel haiwan dan sel tumbuhan yang berikut.
tapak sulaiman mukor lumut
arnab paku pakis helang
2.2 HP • Label sel haiwan dan sel tumbuhan
2005 Bhg. A, S1(a)
2.2 PERBINCANGANAktiviti Struktur sel haiwan dan sel tumbuhan
Masteri
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27
CHAPTER2
2.3 LO • State the similarities and differences between animaland plant cells
2.4 LO • State the function of each cell structure
Similarity
Has a nucleus
Has cell membrane
Has cytoplasm
Difference
Present
Present
Fixed
Present
Cell wall
Chloroplast
Cell shape
Vacuole
Absent
Absent
Changes
Absent, except in lower
level animals
Plant cell
Compare and contrast between a plant cell and an animal cell.
Animal cell
Match the cell structures to the given functions.
Contains cell sap which is filled with dissolvedglucose and mineral salt
Protects and gives shape to the cell
Controls the exit from and entry of materials intothe cell/protects the cell
Controls all activities in the cell
The place where chemical processes occur
Contains chlorophyll which absorbs sunlight tomake food
Plant cell
Function of cell
Cellmembrane
Nucleus
Vacuole
Cell wall
Cytoplasm
Chloroplast
2005 Sec. A, Q1(b)
2.3DISCUSSION
ActivityComparison between plant cells and animal cells
Mastery
2.4DISCUSSION
ActivityFunctions of the internal structures of a cell
Constructivism
27
BA
B2
2.3 HP • Menyatakan persamaan dan perbezaan antara sel haiwandan sel tumbuhan
2.4 HP • Menyatakan fungsi setiap struktur sel
Persamaan
Mempunyai nukleus
Mempunyai membran sel
Mempunyai sitoplasma
Perbezaan
Ada
Ada
Tetap
Ada
Dinding sel
Kloroplas
Bentuk sel
Vakuol
Tiada
Tiada
Berubah-ubah
Tiada, kecuali dalam
haiwan peringkat rendah
Bandingkan dan bezakan antara sel tumbuhan dengan sel haiwan.
Padankan struktur sel kepada fungsinya.
Sel tumbuhan Sel haiwan
Mengandungi sap sel yang berisi glukosa dangaram mineral yang terlarut
Melindungi dan memberi bentuk kepada sel
Mengawal keluar dan masuk semua kandunganbahan sel/melindungi sel
Mengawal semua aktiviti sel
Tempat berlakunya proses-proses kimia
Mengandungi pigmen klorofil yang menyerapcahaya matahari untuk membuat makanan
Sel tumbuhan
Fungsi sel
Membran sel
Nukleus
Vakuol
Dinding sel
Sitoplasma
Kloroplas
2005 Bhg. A, S1(b)
2.3 PERBINCANGANAktiviti Perbandingan antara sel tumbuhan dengan sel haiwan
Masteri
2.4 PERBINCANGANAktiviti Fungsi struktur dalaman sel
Konstruktivisme
F1MR-ch2(23-34).indd 27F1MR-ch2(23-34).indd 27 7/22/10 10:30:38 AM7/22/10 10:30:38 AM
2
BA
B1
Namakan radas makmal dalam jadual di bawah.
Kelalang kon Buret Balang gas Tungku kaki tigaTabung didih Bikar Rod kaca Kelalang dasar bulatTabung uji Pipet Takung kaca Corong turasSilinder penyukat Kasa dawai Mangkuk pijar Corong tiselKelalang volumetri Kaki retort Mangkuk penyejat Penunu Bunsen
1.1 HP • Menerangkan kepentingan sains dalam kehidupan harian• Menyenaraikan perkara di sekeliling anda yang berkaitan
dengan sains
1.2 HP • Menggunakan radas saintifik yang umum dalammakmal
1
Tabung uji
6
Silinder penyukat
2
Tabung didih
7
Pipet
3
Bikar
8
Buret
4
Kelalang kon
9
Kelalang dasar bulat
5
Kelalang volumetri
10
Corong tisel
Objektif Pembelajaran1.1 Memahami sains adalah sebahagian daripada kehidupan harian
1.1 PERBINCANGANAktiviti Sains dan fenomena semula jadi
Kontekstual
1.2 PERBINCANGANAktiviti Radas makmal dan kegunaannya
Kontekstual
✓ ✓
✓ ✓
Tandakan (✓) dalam petak yang disediakan bagi fenomena semula jadi.
Objektif Pembelajaran1.2 Mengetahui langkah-langkah keselamatan dan radas dalam makmal sains
2CHAPTER
1
Name the laboratory apparatus in the table below.
Conical flask Burette Gas jar Tripod standBoiling tube Beaker Glass rod Round-bottomed flaskTest tube Pipette Glass trough Filter funnelMeasuring cylinder Wire gauze Crucible Thistle funnelVolumetric flask Retort stand Evaporating dish Bunsen burner
1.1 LO • Explain the importance of science in everyday life• Make a list of things around you that are related to
science
1.2 LO • Use some common scientific apparatus in thelaboratory
1
Test tube
6
Measuring cylinder
2
Boiling tube
7
Pipette
3
Beaker
8
Burette
4
Conical flask
9
Round-bottomed flask
5
Volumetric flask
10
Thistle funnel
✓ ✓
✓ ✓
Mark (✓) in the boxes provided the natural phenomena.
1.1DISCUSSION
Activity
Learning Objective1.1 Understanding that science is part of everyday life
Science and natural phenomenaContextual
1.2DISCUSSION
ActivityLaboratory apparatus and their uses
Contextual
Learning Objective1.2 Knowing the safety percautions and apparatus in a science laboratory
Chapter 2
Cell as a U
nit of Life
Cha
pter
2C
ell a
s a
Uni
t of
Lif
eM
IND
Ro
bic
s MIN
DR
ob
ics
2828
28CHAPTER
2
To observe unicellular and multicellular organisms
Pond water
Slide, glass cover, microscope, dropper
1 Put a drop of pond water on a clean slide.2 Observe the pond water under a low power microscope.3 Name some of the organisms seen.
OBSERVATION
PROCEDURE
APPARATUS
MATERIALS
AIM
2.5 LO • State the meaning of unicellular and multicellularorganisms
Paramecium Amoeba Spirogyra Chlamydomonas
1 You are given the photos of the above organisms. Study the photos and name theorganisms. Then, mark (✓) in the boxes provided the unicellular organisms.
2 Name the minute organisms which cannot be seen with the naked eye.Microorganisms
3 State the meaning of the following organisms.
Pond water contains many and organisms.multicellularunicellularCONCLUSION
ANALYSIS
Refer to Essential Science Form 1, Laboratory Activity2.3, p. 41; Essential Science PMR, Unicellular andMulticellular Organisms, p. 30
2.5INQUIRY
Experiment
Learning Objective2.2 Understanding unicellular and multicellular organisms
Unicellular and multicellular organismsInquiry-discovery
Amoeba Paramecium Spirogyra Chlamydomonas
✓ ✓ ✓
(a) Unicellular organisms Organisms which consist of only cell
(b) Multicellular Organisms which consist of organisms than one cell or cellsmany
more
one
Spirogyra Chlamydomonas Paramecium Amoeba
Ameba Paramesium Spirogira Klamidomonas
28
BA
B2
Memerhati organisma unisel dan organisma multisel
Air kolam
Sisip kaca, penutup kaca, mikroskop, penitis
1 Titiskan setitik air kolam ke atas sisip kaca yang bersih.2 Perhatikan air kolam itu di bawah kuasa rendah mikroskop.3 Namakan beberapa organisma yang diperhatikan.
PEMERHATIAN Spirogira Klamidomonas Paramesium Ameba
PROSEDUR
RADAS
BAHAN
TUJUAN
2.5 HP • Menyatakan maksud organisma unisel danorganisma multisel
Paramesium Ameba Spirogira Klamidomonas
1 Anda diberi foto organisma di atas. Kaji gambar-gambar itu dan namakan organismaitu. Kemudian, tandakan (✓) dalam petak yang diberi bagi organisma unisel.
2 Apakah nama yang diberi kepada organisma seni yang tidak dapat dilihat denganmata kasar?Mikroorganisma
3 Nyatakan maksud organisma yang berikut.
Air kolam mengandungi pelbagai organisma dan .multiseluniselKESIMPULAN
ANALISIS
Rujuk kepada Essential Science Form 1, AktivitiMakmal 2.3, hlm. 41; Essential Science PMR,Unicellular and multicellular Organisms, hlm. 30
2.5 INKUIRIEksperimen
Objektif Pembelajaran2.2 Memahami organisma unisel dan organisma multisel
Organisma unisel dan organisma multiselInkuiri-penemuan
✓ ✓ ✓
(a) Organisma unisel Organisma yang terdiri daripada sel sahaja
(b) Organisma multisel Organisma yang terdiri daripada
daripada satu sel atau selbanyak
lebih
satu
4 Name the following organisms. (a) (b) (c) (d)
(Amoeba) (Spirogyra) (Paramecium) (Chlamydomonas)
(e) (f) (g)
(Euglena) (Mucor) (Yeast)
2.2 Understanding unicellular and multicellular organismsINQUIRY
Experiment2.5 1 Name the tiny organisms that only can be seen through a microscope. (Microorganisms)DISCUSSION
Activity2.6 2 Name the living things that have only one cell. (Unicellular organisms) 3 Name the living things that made up of many cells. (Multicellular organisms)
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2
BA
B1
Namakan radas makmal dalam jadual di bawah.
Kelalang kon Buret Balang gas Tungku kaki tigaTabung didih Bikar Rod kaca Kelalang dasar bulatTabung uji Pipet Takung kaca Corong turasSilinder penyukat Kasa dawai Mangkuk pijar Corong tiselKelalang volumetri Kaki retort Mangkuk penyejat Penunu Bunsen
1.1 HP • Menerangkan kepentingan sains dalam kehidupan harian• Menyenaraikan perkara di sekeliling anda yang berkaitan
dengan sains
1.2 HP • Menggunakan radas saintifik yang umum dalammakmal
1
Tabung uji
6
Silinder penyukat
2
Tabung didih
7
Pipet
3
Bikar
8
Buret
4
Kelalang kon
9
Kelalang dasar bulat
5
Kelalang volumetri
10
Corong tisel
Objektif Pembelajaran1.1 Memahami sains adalah sebahagian daripada kehidupan harian
1.1 PERBINCANGANAktiviti Sains dan fenomena semula jadi
Kontekstual
1.2 PERBINCANGANAktiviti Radas makmal dan kegunaannya
Kontekstual
✓ ✓
✓ ✓
Tandakan (✓) dalam petak yang disediakan bagi fenomena semula jadi.
Objektif Pembelajaran1.2 Mengetahui langkah-langkah keselamatan dan radas dalam makmal sains
2CHAPTER
1
Name the laboratory apparatus in the table below.
Conical flask Burette Gas jar Tripod standBoiling tube Beaker Glass rod Round-bottomed flaskTest tube Pipette Glass trough Filter funnelMeasuring cylinder Wire gauze Crucible Thistle funnelVolumetric flask Retort stand Evaporating dish Bunsen burner
1.1 LO • Explain the importance of science in everyday life• Make a list of things around you that are related to
science
1.2 LO • Use some common scientific apparatus in thelaboratory
1
Test tube
6
Measuring cylinder
2
Boiling tube
7
Pipette
3
Beaker
8
Burette
4
Conical flask
9
Round-bottomed flask
5
Volumetric flask
10
Thistle funnel
✓ ✓
✓ ✓
Mark (✓) in the boxes provided the natural phenomena.
1.1DISCUSSION
Activity
Learning Objective1.1 Understanding that science is part of everyday life
Science and natural phenomenaContextual
1.2DISCUSSION
ActivityLaboratory apparatus and their uses
Contextual
Learning Objective1.2 Knowing the safety percautions and apparatus in a science laboratory
Chapter 2
Cell as a U
nit of Life
Cha
pter
2C
ell a
s a
Uni
t of
Lif
eM
IND
Ro
bic
s MIN
DR
ob
ics
2929
29
CHAPTER2
2.6 LO • Give examples of unicellular and multicellularorganisms
The diagram below shows a few types of organisms. Observe the organisms.
(a) State one characteristic of the organisms.
Amoeba:
Mucor:
Paramecium:
Chlamydomonas:
Hydra:
Spirogyra:
(b) Classify the organisms above into two groups based on common characteristics.Name the organisms belonging to each group.
Mucor
Hydra
Spirogyra
Amoeba
Paramecium
Chlamydomonas
Name oforganisms
Group 2
Consists of many cells
Group 1
Consists of one cellCommoncharacteristics
Amoeba, Mucor, Paramecium, Chlamydomonas, Hydra, Spirogyra
Consists of many cells
Consists of many cells
Consists of one cell
Consists of one cell
Consists of many cells
Consists of one cell
Amoeba Mucor Paramecium
Chlamydomonas Hydra Spirogyra
2007 Sec. B, Q7
2.6DISCUSSION
ActivityClassification of unicellular and multicellular organisms
Mastery
29
BA
B2
2.6 HP • Memberi contoh organisma unisel dan organismamultisel
(a) Nyatakan satu ciri bagi organisma-organisma tersebut.
Ameba:
Mukor:
Paramesium:
Klamodomonas:
Hidra:
Spirogira:
(b) Kelaskan organisma-organisma di atas kepada dua kumpulan berdasarkan ciri sepunya.Namakan organisma bagi setiap kumpulan itu.
MukorHidra
Spirogira
AmebaParamesium
KlamidomonasNamaorganisma
Kumpulan 2
Terdiri daripada banyaksel
Kumpulan 1
Terdiri daripada satu selCiri sepunya
Ameba, Mukor, Paramesium, Klamidomonas, Hidra, Spirogira
Terdiri daripada banyak sel
Terdiri daripada banyak sel
Terdiri daripada satu sel
Terdiri daripada satu sel
Terdiri daripada banyak sel
Terdiri daripada satu sel
Ameba Mukor Paramesium
Klamidomonas Hidra Spirogira
2007 Bhg. B, S7
2.6 PERBINCANGANAktiviti Pengelasan organisma unisel dan multisel
Masteri
Rajah di bawah menunjukkan beberapa jenis organisma. Perhatikan organisma tersebut.
(c) Spirogyra (Multicellular organism)(d) Mucor (Multicellular organism)(e) Chlamydomonas (Unicellular organism)(f) Euglena (Unicellular organism)
7 Explain why Spirogyra is classifi ed as a multicellular plant. (Spirogyra consists of many cells and contains chloroplast)
5 State whether the following microorganisms are a plant cell or an animal cell. (a) Mucor (Plant cell)
(b) Amoeba (Animal cell)(c) Paramecium (Animal cell)(d) Spirogyra (Plant cell)(e) Chlamydomonas (Plant cell)
6 State whether the following organisms are a unicellular organism or a multicellular organism.(a) Amoeba (Unicellular organism)(b) Paramecium (Unicellular organism)
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2
BA
B1
Namakan radas makmal dalam jadual di bawah.
Kelalang kon Buret Balang gas Tungku kaki tigaTabung didih Bikar Rod kaca Kelalang dasar bulatTabung uji Pipet Takung kaca Corong turasSilinder penyukat Kasa dawai Mangkuk pijar Corong tiselKelalang volumetri Kaki retort Mangkuk penyejat Penunu Bunsen
1.1 HP • Menerangkan kepentingan sains dalam kehidupan harian• Menyenaraikan perkara di sekeliling anda yang berkaitan
dengan sains
1.2 HP • Menggunakan radas saintifik yang umum dalammakmal
1
Tabung uji
6
Silinder penyukat
2
Tabung didih
7
Pipet
3
Bikar
8
Buret
4
Kelalang kon
9
Kelalang dasar bulat
5
Kelalang volumetri
10
Corong tisel
Objektif Pembelajaran1.1 Memahami sains adalah sebahagian daripada kehidupan harian
1.1 PERBINCANGANAktiviti Sains dan fenomena semula jadi
Kontekstual
1.2 PERBINCANGANAktiviti Radas makmal dan kegunaannya
Kontekstual
✓ ✓
✓ ✓
Tandakan (✓) dalam petak yang disediakan bagi fenomena semula jadi.
Objektif Pembelajaran1.2 Mengetahui langkah-langkah keselamatan dan radas dalam makmal sains
2CHAPTER
1
Name the laboratory apparatus in the table below.
Conical flask Burette Gas jar Tripod standBoiling tube Beaker Glass rod Round-bottomed flaskTest tube Pipette Glass trough Filter funnelMeasuring cylinder Wire gauze Crucible Thistle funnelVolumetric flask Retort stand Evaporating dish Bunsen burner
1.1 LO • Explain the importance of science in everyday life• Make a list of things around you that are related to
science
1.2 LO • Use some common scientific apparatus in thelaboratory
1
Test tube
6
Measuring cylinder
2
Boiling tube
7
Pipette
3
Beaker
8
Burette
4
Conical flask
9
Round-bottomed flask
5
Volumetric flask
10
Thistle funnel
✓ ✓
✓ ✓
Mark (✓) in the boxes provided the natural phenomena.
1.1DISCUSSION
Activity
Learning Objective1.1 Understanding that science is part of everyday life
Science and natural phenomenaContextual
1.2DISCUSSION
ActivityLaboratory apparatus and their uses
Contextual
Learning Objective1.2 Knowing the safety percautions and apparatus in a science laboratory
Chapter 2
Cell as a U
nit of Life
Cha
pter
2C
ell a
s a
Uni
t of
Lif
eM
IND
Ro
bic
s MIN
DR
ob
ics
3030
30CHAPTER
2
1 Name the given structures.
(a) (b) (c) (d)
2 Write out in sequence the organisation of cells in an organism based on the given statements.
➯➯ ➯➯ ➯➯ ➯➯ (e) Organism(d) System(c) Organ(b) Tissue(a) Cell
Muscle tissueReproductive cellNerve cellEpithelial tissue
Nerve cell Epithelial tissue Reproductive cell Muscle tissue
Classify the following organs into systems listed below.
Heart Kidneys Joint Spinal cord Nerve fibreBone Brain Cartilage Testis StomachBlood vessels Skin Urinary bladder Mouth OvaryUterus Nose Lungs Trachea Intestine
2.8 LO • State the function of different types of human cells2.7 LO • Name the different types of human cells• Arrange sequentially cell organisation from simple to
complex using the terms cell, tissue, organ, systemand organism
A group of cellsof the sametype carryingout the samefunction.
Basic unit for all living things.
Consisting oftwo or moretypes of tissueworkingtogether.
Consisting oftwo or moreorgans workingtogether to carryout specificfunctions.
Consisting of all systemsworkingtogether.
Nose
Trachea
Lungs
Mouth
Stomach
Intestine
Uterus
Testis
Ovary
Brain
Spinal
cord
Nerve fibre
Skin
Lungs
Urinary
bladder
Kidneys
Bone
Joint
Cartilage
Blood vessels
Heart
BloodcirculatorySkeletalExcretoryNervousReproductiveDigestiveRespiratory
System
2007 Sec. A, Q1(a)
2.7DISCUSSION
Activity
Learning Objective2.3 Understanding that cells form tissues, organs and systems in the human body
Cell organisationConstructivism
2.8RESERACHActivity LIBRARY
Classification of organs in a systemMastery
30
BA
B2
1 Namakan struktur yang diberi.
(a) (b) (c) (d)
2 Tulis dengan betul turutan organisasi sel dalam organisma berdasarkan pernyataan yang diberi.
➯➯ ➯➯ ➯➯ ➯➯ (e) Organisma(d) Sistem(c) Organ(b) Tisu(a) Sel
Tisu ototSel pembiakanSel sarafTisu epitelium
Sel saraf Tisu epitelium Sel pembiakan Tisu otot
Kelaskan organ-organ yang berikut kepada sistem-sistem yang disenaraikan di bawah.
Jantung Ginjal Sendi Saraf tunjang Gentian sarafTulang Otak Rawan Testis PerutSalur darah Kulit Pundi kencing Mulut OvariUterus Hidung Peparu Trakea Usus
Hidung
Trakea
Peparu
Mulut
Perut
Usus
Uterus
Testis
Ovari
Otak Saraf
tunjangGentian
saraf
KulitPeparuPundi
kencingGinjal
Tulang
Sendi
Rawan
Salur
darah
Jantung
PeredarandarahRangkaPerkumuhanSarafPembiakanPencernaanPernafasan
Sistem
2.8 HP • Menyatakan fungsi jenis sel-sel manusia yangberbeza
2.7 HP • Namakan jenis sel-sel manusia yang berbeza• Susun mengikut urutan organisasi sel dari ringkas ke
kompleks dengan menggunakan istilah sel, tisu,organ, sistem dan organisma
Sekumpulan selyang sama jenisyangmenjalankanfungsi yangsama.
Unit asas bagisemua hidupan.
Terdiri daripadadua atau lebihjenis tisu yangbekerjasama.
Dua atau lebihorgan yangbekerjasamauntukmenjalankanfungsi tertentu.
Terdiri daripadasemua sistemyangbekerjasama.
2007 Bhg. A, S1(a)
2.8 PENYELIDIKANAktiviti PUSTAKA Pengelasan organ-organ dalam sistem
Masteri
2.7 PERBINCANGANAktiviti
Objektif Pembelajaran2.3 Memahami sel membentuk tisu, organ dan sistem dalam badan manusia
Organisasi selKonstruktivisme
RESEARCHActivity LIBRARY2.8 5 Based on the given organs, state the type of system that is formed in a human body.
(a) Brain, spinal cord (Nervous system)(b) Skin, lung, kidney (Excretory system)(c) Blood vessel, heart (Blood circulatory system)(d) Testis, ovary (Reproductive system)(e) Mouth, stomach, liver (Digestive system)(f) Nose, lungs, trachea (Respiratory system)(g) Bones, joints (Skeletal system)
2.3 Understanding that cells form tissues, organs and systems in the human body
DISCUSSIONActivity2.7 1 State the sequence in the cell organisation in humans. (Cell, tissue, organ, system, human)
2 A group of similar cells that performs the same work is called …….……. (tissue) 3 A group of tissue that works together is called ……………. (organ) 4 A few organs work together to carry out certain function in a life process to form a …………… (system)
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31
1 Label the structures of animal and plant cells below and state their function.
2 Animal cells do not contain , and .
3 organisms have only one cell.
4 organisms have many cells.
5 Complete the cell organisation below.
Human body
6 Name the organisms below. Write the symbols ‘u’ or ‘m’ to represent the unicellular and multicellular organisms respectively.
(a) (b) (c) (d)
7 State the type of cell based on its structure and its function.
• Transports oxygen • Takes part in • Sends information • Kills bacteriain the body reproduction (impulse) in the body
8 State the following structures as ‘cell’, ‘tissue’, ‘organ’ or ‘system’.
(a) Sperm: (b) Skin: (c) Excretory:
(d) Digestive: (e) Eardrum: (f) Lung:
(g) Eye: (h) Ovum: (i) Brain: OrganCellOrgan
OrganTissueSystem
SystemOrganCell
White blood cellNerve cellReproductive cellRed blood cell
Reproductive cell Red blood cell White blood cell Nerve cell
SpirogyraParameciumMucorAmoeba
mumu
SystemOrganTissueCell
Multicellular
Unicellular
vacuolechloroplastcell wall
Cell membrane
Nucleus
Cytoplasm
Plant cell
Animal cell
Cell membrane
Nucleus Vacuole
Cell wall
ChloroplastFunction:Controls all the
cell activities
Function:
Protects the cell
Function:
Contains chlorophyll
which absorbs light
during photosynthesis
Function:
Maintains the shape of
the cell/Protect the cell
(a) (b) (c) (d)
Questions in this section contain concepts and facts that
are frequently tested in the PMR exam. Make sure you can
answer all the questions correctly.PMR Key To SuccessToSoalan-soalan berikut melibatkan konsep atau fakta yang
kerap ditanya dalam peperiksaan PMR. Pastikan anda
boleh menjawap semua soalan berikut.PMR Kunci Kejayaan
31
1 Label struktur sel haiwan dan sel tumbuhan di bawah dan nyatakan fungsinya.
2 Sel-sel haiwan tidak mengandungi , dan .
3 Organisma hanya mempunyai satu sel.
4 Organisma mempunyai banyak sel.
5 Lengkapkan organisasi sel di bawah.
Badan manusia
6 Namakan organisma di bawah. Tuliskan simbol ‘u’ atau ‘m’ masing-masing untuk mewakili organisma unisel dan multisel.
(a) (b) (c) (d)
7 Nyatakan jenis sel berdasarkan struktur dan fungsinya.
• Mengangkut • Memainkan peranan • Menghantar maklumat • Membunuh bakteriaoksigen dalam badan dalam pembiakan (impuls) dalam badan
8 Nyatakan struktur yang berikut sebagai ‘sel’, ‘tisu’, ‘organ’ atau ‘sistem’.
(a) Sperma: (b) Kulit: (c) Perkumuhan:
(d) Pencernaan: (e) Gegendang telinga: (f) Peparu:
(g) Mata: (h) Ovum: (i) Otak: OrganSelOrgan
OrganTisuSistem
SistemOrganSel
Sel darah putihSel sarafSel pembiakanSel darah merah
Sel pembiakan Sel darah merah Sel darah putih Sel saraf
SpirogiraParamesiumMukorAmeba
mumu
SistemOrganTisuSel
multisel
unisel
vakuolkloroplasdinding sel
Membran sel
Nukleus
Sitoplasma
Sel tumbuhan
Sel haiwan
Membran sel
Nukleus
Kloroplas
Vakuol
Dinding sel
Fungsi:Mengawal semua
aktiviti sel
Fungsi:
Melindungi sel
Fungsi:
Mengandungi klorofil
yang menyerap cahaya
semasa fotosintesis
Fungsi:
Mengekalkan bentuk sel/
Melindungi sel
(a) (b) (c) (d)
F1MR-ch2(23-34).indd 31F1MR-ch2(23-34).indd 31 7/22/10 10:30:39 AM7/22/10 10:30:39 AM
32
PMR Enhancement Corner
Each question is followed by four options, A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer.
PAPER 1
2
CLONE2000
CLONE2004
CLONE2005
CLONE2006
CLONE2006
CLONE2007
CLONE2000
CLONE2002
CLONE2008
CLONE2008
Mucor
Spirogyra
Yeast
Amoeba
Organisms
P
Q
1 The following information showsthe characteristics of a cell.
Which of the following is the othercharacteristic of a cell which hasthe properties listed above?A No cell membraneB Makes own foodC Does not respond to lightD Has more than one nucleus
2 Which of the following involvesin the fertilisation to produceoffspring?A C
B D
3 Diagram 1 shows a cell organisation.
Diagram 1
Which of the following belong ingroups X and Y?
X Y
A Platelet White blood cellB Kidneys OvumC Stomach SpermD Epithelial Lungs
tissue
4 Diagram 2 shows the classificationof organisms.
Diagram 2
Which of the following represents Pand Q?
P Q
A Multicellular Unicellular
B Unicellular Multicellular
C Have no Have cell cell wall wall
D Have vacuole Have no vacuole
5 Diagram 3 shows the structure of aplant cell.
Diagram 3
Which of the labelled structures A,B, C or D is not found in an animalcell?
6 Diagram 4 shows the structure of a cell.
Diagram 4
Which of the structures A, B, C or D absorbs light for photosynthesis?
7 Diagram 5 shows a type of tissue inhuman body.
Diagram 5
The tissue is a A nerve tissueB epithelial tissueC muscle tissueD connective tissue
8 Diagram 6 shows four types ofmicroorganisms.
Diagram 6
Which of the following are multi-cellular organisms?A Mucor and Spirogyra
B Paramecium and Amoeba
C Mucor and Paramecium
D Amoeba and Spirogyra
9 Which of the following builds up anorgan?A C
B D
10 Among the following structures,which are found in Spirogyra butnot in human skin cells?
I Cell wall III VacuoleII Chloroplast
A I and II onlyB I and III onlyC II and III onlyD I, II and III D
D
A
Mucor ParameciumAmoeba Spirogyra
C
B
B
A
D
C
D
A
B
C
D
A
D
SystemOrganism
YXCell
C
B
• Has a fixed shape• Has big vacuole• Has cell wall
CLONE2009
PMR Sudut Pengukuhan
Tiap-tiap soalan yang berikut diikuti oleh empat pilihan jawapan, A, B, C dan D. Pilih jawapan yang terbaik.
KERTAS 1
2
32
KLON2000
KLON2004
KLON2005
KLON2000
KLON2002
KLON2006
KLON2007
KLON2006
KLON2008
KLON2008
Mukor
Spirogira
Yis
Ameba
Organisma
P
Q
1 Maklumat yang berikut menunjukkanciri-ciri satu sel.
Antara yang berikut, yang manakahme-rupakan ciri lain bagi satu selyang mempunyai sifat-sifat di atas?A Tidak mempunyai membran selB Membuat makanan sendiriC Tidak bergerak balas terhadap
cahayaD Mempunyai lebih daripada satu
nukleus
2 Antara yang berikut, yang manakahterlibat dalam persenyawaan untukmenghasilkan anak?A C
B D
3 Rajah 1 menunjukkan suatuorganisasi sel.
Rajah 1
Antara yang berikut, yang manakahtergolong dalam kumpulan X dan Y?
X Y
A Platlet Sel darah putihB Ginjal OvumC Perut SpermaD Tisu Peparu
epitelium
4 Rajah 2 menunjukkan pengelasanorganisma.
Rajah 2
Antara yang berikut, yang manakahmewakili P dan Q?
P Q
A Multisel Unisel
B Unisel Multisel
C Tidak ber- Berdindingdinding sel sel
D Bervakuol Tidak bervakuol
5 Rajah 3 menunjukkan struktur seltumbuhan.
Rajah 3
Antara struktur berlabel A, B, C danD, yang manakah tidak terdapatpada sel haiwan?
6 Rajah 4 menunjukkan struktur sel.
Rajah 4
Antara struktur A, B, C dan D, yangmanakah berfungsi menyerap cahayauntuk fotosintesis?
7 Rajah 5 menunjukkan sejenis tisudalam badan manusia.
Rajah 5
Tisu ini ialahA tisu sarafB tisu epiteliumC tisu ototD tisu penghubung
8 Rajah 6 menunjukkan empat jenismikroorganisma.
Rajah 6
Antara yang berikut, yang manakahmikroorganisma multisel?A Mukor dan spirogiraB Paramesium dan amebaC Mukor dan paramesiumD Ameba dan spirogira
9 Antara yang berikut, yang manakahmembina organ?A C
B D
10 Antara struktur yang berikut, yangmanakah terdapat pada Spirogiratetapi tidak terdapat pada sel kulitmanusia?
I Dinding sel III VakuolII Kloroplas
A I dan II sahajaB I dan III sahajaC II dan III sahajaD I, II, dan III D
D
A
Mukor ParamesiumAmeba Spirogira
C
B
B
A
D
C
D
A
B
C
D
A
D
SistemOrganisma
YXSel
C
B
• Bentuk tetap• Vakuol besar• Berdinding sel
KLON2009
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33
1 Diagram 1 shows the structure of a cell.
Diagram 1
(a) On Diagram 1, label structures X, Y and Z using the following words:
(b) Match structures X, Y and Z with their functions.
Structure Function
X • •
Y • •
Z • •
•
2 (a) Diagram 2 shows some examples of the cell organisation in the human body. (i) Which of the following is a cell? Tick (✓) in the box provided.
Diagram 2
(ii) Circle the words in the box below to show two other examples of cells.
(b) Draw lines to match each type of system with its function.
Supports and protects theinternal organs of the body
Absorbs oxygen andeliminates carbon dioxidefrom the body
Breaks up food into asimpler form to be absorbedby the body
nosetrachea
lungs
mouthoesophagusstomach
intestinespancreas
cartilage
bones
Ear Ovum Lungs Sperm
Place where chemical processes occur
Protects the cell
Contains chlorophyll which absorbs light during photosynthesis
Controls cell activities
Cell wall Chloroplast Nucleus
Section AAnswer all the questions.
PAPER 2
X :__________________Z :__________________
Y :__________________
Chloroplast
Nucleus
Cell wall CLONE2005 Sec.A, Q1
CLONE2007 Sec.A, Q1
✓
33
1 Rajah 1 menunjukkan struktur satu sel.
Rajah 1
(a) Pada Rajah 1, label struktur X, Y, dan Z dengan menggunakan perkataan yang berikut:
(b) Padankan struktur X, Y, dan Z dengan fungsinya.
Struktur Fungsi
X • •
Y • •
Z • •
•
2 (a) Rajah 2 menunjukkan beberapa contoh organisasi sel dalam badan manusia. (i) Antara yang berikut, yang manakah sel? Tandakan (✓) dalam petak yang disediakan.
Rajah 2
(ii) Bulatkan perkataan dalam petak di bawah untuk menunjukkan dua contoh lain bagi sel.
(b) Lukis garisan untuk memadankan setiap jenis sistem dengan fungsinya.
Menyokong dan melindungiorgan dalaman badan
Menyerap oksigen danmenyingkirkan karbondioksida dari badan
Memecahkan makanankepada bentuk ringkasuntuk diserap oleh badan
peparu
hidungtrakea
usus
mulutesofagusperutpankreas
rawan
tulang
Telinga Ovum Peparu Sperma
Tempat berlakunya proses kimia
Melindungi sel
Mengandungi klorofil yang menyerap cahaya semasa fotosintesis
Mengawal semua aktiviti sel
Dinding sel Kloroplas Nukleus
KERTAS 2
Bahagian AJawab semua soalan.
X: __________________Z: __________________
Y: __________________
Kloroplas
Nukleus
Dinding selKLON2005 Bhg.A, S1
KLON2007 Bhg.A, S1
✓
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34
Section BAnswer all the questions.
3 Diagram 3 shows organisms P, Q, R and S.
P Q R S
Diagram 3
Based on the observations in Diagram 3, answer the following questions.
(a) State one characteristic for each of the organisms P, Q, R and S.
P:Has a cell membrane/Has cytoplasm
Q:Has a cell membrane/Has cytoplasm
R:Has a cell wall/Has chloroplast
S:Has a cell wall/Has chloroplast
(b) Classify organisms P, Q, R and S into two groups based on their common characteristics. Name the organisms in eachgroup.s
Have a cell wall/
Have chloroplast
Do not have a cell wall/
Do not have chloroplast
Paramecium
Amoeba
Chlamydomonas
Spirogyra
Commoncharacteristics
Nameof organisms
P, Q, R and S
CLONE2004 Sec.A, Q1
34
Bahagian BJawab soalan di bawah.
3 Rajah 3 menunjukkan organisma P, Q, R, dan S.
P Q R S
Rajah 3
Berdasarkan pemerhatian pada Rajah 3, jawab soalan-soalan yang berikut.
(a) Nyatakan satu ciri bagi setiap organisma P, Q, R, dan S.
P:Mempunyai membran sel/Mempunyai sitoplasma
Q:Mempunyai membran sel/Mempunyai sitoplasma
R:Mempunyai dinding sel/Mempunyai kloroplas
S:Mempunyai dinding sel/Mempunyai kloroplas
(b) Kelaskan organisma P, Q, R, dan S kepada dua kumpulan berdasarkan ciri sepunya. Namakan organisma-organismadalam setiap kumpulan.
KLON2004 Bhg.A, S1
Mempunyai dinding sel/
Mempunyai kloroplas
Tidak mempunyai
dinding sel/Tidak
mempunyai kloroplas
Paramesium
Ameba
Klamidomonas
Spirogira
Ciri sepunya
Namaorganisma
P, Q, R dan S
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