THE IMPERIALIST VISION

CHAPTER 14: BECOMING A WORLD POWER

LESSON 1

Student Learning

ObjectivesUpon Completion of this lesson, you’ll be able to:• Explain why the U.S. asserted itself as a

world power.• Explain why the U.S. looked to the Pacific

for new markets• Explain why the U.S. attempted to

strengthen its ties and influence in Latin America

The Opening of Japan

BUILDING SUPPORT FOR IMPERIALISM

WHY DID THE U.S. ASSERT ITSELF AS A WORLD POWER?

I. MOTIVATING FACTORS

Motives for Expansion

• European expansion • Social Darwinism• Anglo-Saxonism• Defending U.S. interests overseas• Mahan's influence• Congressional approval

• European Expansion: In the late 1800s, European nations established colonies overseas to acquire the raw materials needed to feed their factories• The U.S. began to develop similar

interests• Social Darwinism: To justify expansion,

some Americans promoted the Social Darwinist idea that only the strongest, and most competitive nations survive

• Anglo-Saxonism: Many Americans insisted that English-speaking (Anglo-Saxon) had superior societies• Linked with the concept of Manifest

Destiny, this Anglo-Saxonism gave the U.S. the “right” to expand overseas

• Defending U.S. Interests Overseas: To defend the nation’s growing interests abroad and to retain access to foreign markets, some Americans urged a buildup of the navy and acquisition of naval bases overseas

• Captain Alfred T. Mahan: A naval officer, Mahan wrote an influential book that argued in favor of a large navy to protect U.S. merchant ships• Powerful senators and government

officials strongly supported Mahan’s ideas

• Congressional Authorization: Congress approved the building of a new navy based in part on Mahan’s ideas, in part on business demand for new markets, and in part on the rising notion that the U.S. was destined to dominate the world

JOURNAL QUESTION

WHY DID AMERICANS WISH TO EXPAND BEYOND

THEIR BORDERS?

Overseas Markets

U.S. EXPANSION IN THE PACIFIC

WHY DID THE U.S. LOOK TO THE PACIFIC FOR NEW MARKETS?

II. IMPERIALISM IN THE PACIFIC

U.S. Expansion in the Pacific

• Navy sent to Japan

• Perry opens Japan through Treaty of Kanagawa

• Refueling port at Pago Pago (American Samoa)

• Navy Sent to Japan: Fearful of cultural contamination, Japan restricted trade to the Chinese and Dutch• In 1852 President Millard Fillmore

decided to force Japan to trade with the U.S. by sending a naval expedition to negotiate a trade treaty

• Perry Opens Japan: In July 1853, Perry’s four U.S. warships sailed into Edo Bay• Their firepower alarmed the Japanese,

who soon signed the Treaty of Kanagawa, which opened Japan to trade with the U.S.

• Refueling Port at Pago Pago: To facilitate trade across the U.S. sought ports at which ships could refuel and resupply• In 1878 the U.S. obtained permission to

build a base on the Samoan island of Pago Pago, who harbor was one of the best in the South Pacific

• Pago Pago became the U.S. protectorate, America Samoa

• The Treaty of Kanagawa also called for peace between the two countries; promised help for any Americans shipwrecked off the Japanese coast; and gave U.S. ships permission to buy supplies in two designated Japanese ports.

• Forcing Japan to open trade played an important role in Japanese history.

• Japanese leaders concluded that it was time to remake their society.

• They adopted Western technology and launched their own industrial revolution.

• By the 1890s, the Japanese had a powerful navy and had begun building their own empire in Asia.

Annexing Hawaii

• Sugar industry during the 1800s

• U.S. naval base at Pearl Harbor

• Hawaiian monarchy overthrown

• Annexation delayed until 1898

Annexing Hawaii• Sugar Industry Born: For many years,

Hawaii had been a resupply stop for whalers and merchant ships

• In 1819, missionaries from New England Arrived in Hawaii, where the climate and soil proved perfect for growing sugarcane

• By the mid-1800s, settlers from the U.S. had established many plantations on the islands

• Navy Base at Pearl Harbor: In return for exempting Hawaiian sugar from tariff, Hawaii granted the U.S. the right to build a naval base at Pearl Harbor

• Monarchy Overthrown: The Hawaiian sugar industry brought great wealth to the American plantation owners• In 1887 they pressured the Hawaiian

king into accepting a constitution that restricted his authority

• In 1893 they overthrew Queen Liliuokalani, with the help of U.S. marines

• Annexation Delayed: President Cleveland strongly opposed imperialism• He refused to annex Hawaii and tried to

return Liliuokalani to power• Hawaii’s new leaders declined to restore

the queen and decided to wait until Cleveland left office

• Then, in 1898, President McKinley signed a bill allowing the U.S. to annex Hawaii

HOW DID THE SEARCH FOR NEW MARKETS IN

EAST ASIA PUSH THE U.S. TO BECOME A WORLD

POWER?

HOW DID THE NATION’S ACTIONS REFLECT THE

POLICY OF IMPERIALISM?

DIPLOMACY IN LATIN AMERICA

HOW DID THE U.S. ATTEMPT TO STRENGHTEN ITS TIES AND INFLUENCE WITH THE NATIONS OF LATIN AMERICA?

III. REDUCING EUROPEAN INFLUENCE

Diplomacy in Latin America

Diplomacy in Latin America

• Economic and political motives

• Pan-Americanism

• Monroe Doctrine

• Economic and Political Motives: In the 1800s, the U.S. sought to open up markets in Latin America for its manufactured goods• Americans also hope to make it clear to

Europeans that the U.S. was the dominant power in the region

• Pan-Americanism: The idea that nations throughout the entire Western Hemisphere should work together was conceived by the Secretary of State James G. Blaine in the 1880s• He hoped that cooperation would help prevent

wars and increase trade, while at the same time strengthen U.S. influence in Latin America in part by reinforcing the Monroe Doctrine

• The Monroe Doctrine: This policy, introduced in 1823 by President James Monroe, closed off the Americas to further colonization, especially by Europeans eager to take economic advantage of newly independent nations of Latin America• In effect, it set aside Latin America as a

sphere of influence of the U.S.

Why did the U.S. want to reduce European influence in the Western Hemisphere?How did Secretary of State Blaine attempt to increase U.S. influence in Latin American?

James G. Blaine

What we want are the markets of these neighbors of ours that lie to the south of us. . . . With these markets secured new life would be given to our manufacturers, the product of the western farmer would be in demand, the reasons for and inducements to strikers, with all their attendant evils, would cease.

—James G. Blaine

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JOURNAL QUESTION #2

WHICH OF THE THREE MOTIVES FOR

IMPERIALISM IS BLAINE EXPRESSING—ECONOMIC, CULTURAL, OR MILITARY

The Imperialist Vision

Reflection Question

How does U.S. imperialism in the past relate to U.S. foreign policy today? Is it mostly the same or mostly different?

HOMEWORK:• Complete Economics of History

Worksheet• Read Lesson 2• List and Define Vocabulary Words• Complete the Guided Reading Activity

Quiz over Lesson 2 Reading Wednesday, October 21, 2015