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Summary from: ENGLISH FOR WRITING RESEARCH PAPERS By: [email protected]. Introduction in research paper
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CHAP 13: INTRODUCTION
13.1 HOW TO STRUCTURE THE INTRODUCTION
• AN INTRODUCTION BASICALLY ANSWERS THE
QUESTIONS:-
• WHAT IS THE PROBLEM?
• ANY EXISTING SOLUTIONS?
• WHAT IS THE BEST SOLUTION?
• WHAT IS THE MAIN LIMITATION?
• WHAT DO I HOPE TO ACHIEVE?
• HAVE I ACHIEVED WHAT I SET?
13.2 HOW TO BEGIN THE INTRODUCTION?
• INCLUDE DEFINITION OF THE TOPIC AND BACKGROUND
• MOVE ON TO THE PROBLEM TO BE RESOLVED
• CONTINUE WITH THE AUTHOR’S OBJECTIVES
• INTRODUCTION TO THE LITERATURE
13.3 HOW TO STRUCTURE THE REST OF THE INTRODUCTION
• SURVEY OF PERTINENT LITERATURE (REVIEW LITERATURE
IN AUTHOR’S PRECISE FIELD)
• AUTHOR’S CONTRIBUTION
• OBJECTIVE OF THE CURRENT WORK
• MAIN RESULTS OF THE CURRENT WORK
• FUTURE IMPLICATIONS OF THE WORK
• OUTLINE OF STRUCTURE
13.4 ALTERNATIVE WAYS TO BEGIN AN INTRODUCTION
• SET THE CONTEXT AND RESEARCH GOAL IN A SET OF
QUESTIONS
• MENTION THE GENERAL TOPIC IN THE FIRST WORD
• USE A QUESTION FORM TO ADDRESS THE ISSUE
• USE A QUESTION TO HINT ON FINDINGS OF THE PAPER
• FINAL SENTENCE TO HIGHLIGHT THE ASPECTS TO BE
COVERED
13.5 TYPICAL PHRASES TO AVOID IN AN INTRODUCTION
• AVOID STOCK PHRASES (COMMON OR TYPICAL PHRASES THAT
EVERYONE USES)
• EG: RECENT ADVANCES IN…, THE LAST FEW YEARS…
13.6 INTRODUCTION VSABSTRACT
• ABSTRACT IMMEDIATELY TELLS A READER THE SPECIFIC
TOPIC OF THE PAPER AND THE AUTHOR’S GOAL.
• ABSTRACT DOES NOT PROVIDE BACKGROUND
INFORMATION
• INTRODUCTION SETS THE CONTEXT IN VERY GENERAL
TERMS
13.7 TENSES TO BE USED
• PRESENT SIMPLE – USED TO BEGIN THE INTRODUCTION –
TO DESCRIBE THE BACKGROUND CONTEXT.
• ALSO USED IN THE END OF THE INTRODUCTION
• PRESENT PERFECT – USED TO SHOW HOW PROBLEM HAS
BEEN APPROACHED FROM PAST TILL PRESENT
13.8 HOW TO OUTLINE THE STRUCTURE OF THE PAPER?
• DELETE THE UNNECESSARY SENTENCES
• USING ACTIVE VERBS RATHER THAN PASSIVE
• REMOVING OTHER REDUNDANCY
MINDMAP