Chapter 11

Section 1- Religious Practices

god written lower case god’s and goddess’ lived on Mount

Olympus. No single Greek Religion

Officials of Polis

In charge of feasts and sacrifices

Each City/State had its own god

Honor gods at festival

s

Temple was the

god’s home; worshi

p outside

Built temple

s to honor them

Belief in self-worth

approached gods with

dignity

Peoples duty

to obey and

serve them

GODS

12 major gods and goddesses – each had a specific duty

Priests&

priestess went

to them for

advise

Usually a riddle

Could mean more than 1 thing

Gave out

prophecy

about future

oracles

Olympics

Olympics

Held in Olympia Honored Zeus

Greeks stoppedFighting during

The games

Each 4 years in The summer

40 ft gold and ivoryStatue stood in

One of the temples(torch)

Group of temples/arenasBuilt in fields

(Olympic village)

Festival calledThe Olympic games

Had to pay $$ if You didn’t—

Spartans didn’tDuring war with

Athens

Athletes from GreeceAnd Greek colonies

In Africa, Italy &Asia Minor

Must swear an oathTo Zeus to follow

All rules or pay fines

Competed as Individuals not teamsNo women compete

Or watch

Events:Chariot races atThe hippodrome

(oval, 9 mile track)

Boxing/Wrestling:Slapped each other;

Raised finger toGive up. No rules Except could not

Bite or gouge out eyes

Pentathlon—5 events

Winner receives a Crown made of olive

Leaves and freeMeals for a year

Considered heroes;Poets wrote aboutThem. Told their

Stories duringThe festivals

Parade for the winners

Poets readTheir works

BetweenEvents.

Historians datedEvents by Olympics.

Herodotus wroteAbout the Persian Wars. Considered Father of history

The Theater

Grew out of festivals Honor the god—Dionysus Ionians began telling stories about

Dionysus Chorus chanted/danced each story

to music certain points a soliloquy given

Chorus became shorter—speaking longer

storylines developed about other gods, events

began acting out the stories instead of singing

Aeschylus- added new characters- became a play

Two types of plays

Tragedies- stories about suffering dealt with the past and with the

relationships between people and gods

not all were bad endings, but all dealt human suffering and their ability to carry on

3 tragic writers Aeschylus, Sophocles, Euripides

Comedies—a play with a happy ending plays about the present made fun of politicians, sons who

wasted their parents money, enslaved people plotting against their masters etc.

Comedy writers— Aristophanes—thought everything was

funny

Lights, camera, action! Actors wore a huge canvas/plastic type

mask Mask represent the mood, age, and sex of

the character mouth shaped like a funnel to carry sound

(1st microphone) wore heavy padding under robes, thick

shoes to make them look bigger than they were

Only men were allowed to act. Women could only watch

The Venue Plays were performed in an open air

theater no one turned away from the door, paid

if you could sat on stone benches on a side of a hill in

a semi circle support of theater was public

responsibility plays were judged at each festival

Section 2

Science in Greek Times

How smart are you?

Greeks were warriors which took muscle!

Greeks also place great importance on

intellect

Key Vocabulary

1. annus- year 2. ante- before 3. aqua- water 4. astron- star 5. bi- two 6. bios- life 7. centrum- hundred 8. dico, dictum- say, thing said 9. duo- two 10. ge- earth 11. hydor- water 12. magnus- large, great 13. mega- large, great 14. mikros- small 15. minus- smaller 16. monos- single

17. omnis- all 18. phileo- to love 19. phone- sound, voice 20. photo- light 21. poly- many 22. post- after 23. pre- before 24. primus- first 25. protos- first 26. psyche- soul, mind 27. quartus- fourth 28. tele- at a distance 29. thermos- heat 30. tri- three 31. unus- one 32. video, visum- see, seen 33. vita- life

What is intellect? The ability to learn and reason

Greeks thought your intellect should be used to its fullest. No half-brainers!

Studying laws of nature and loving wisdom were the same thing. philosophia

What do we call it today People who study knowledge are called?

Scientists People who study wisdom are called?

Philosophers

Much of our science and philosophy today is based on the thoughts of the Greeks

Socrates A great philosopher 399 B.C. was on trial Was 70 years old From Athens Interested in the thinking process Gave up his private business & spent

his life searching for “the truth” Believed truth could be found if you

could think

Socrates Con’t

Walked through Athens trying to teach people how to think

He asked people questions designed to make people come to a conclusion

Known as the Socratic Method

Example of Socratic Method I feel so stupid Why do you feel stupid? Because I failed the test and I studied. Why do you think you failed the test? Because the teacher doesn’t like me Do you really think that is true? No, not really. Did you study hard for the test?

Yeah, kinda, sorta What does that mean? I was watching High School Musical II while I

was studying. Do you think that may have had an influence

on your grade? Probably Why do you think you failed the test now? Because I didn’t study thoroughly enough

because I was watching TV. It’s all Zach’s fault!

You Try!

Possible situations Can’t get out of bed in the morning Don’t like to do homework Always late for school Mom won’t buy me $150 jeans Church is boring

Socrates Con’t Some liked his teachings, some didn’t

Some liked it because they learned how to think

Others didn’t because is showed their flaws and mistakes

After a while he was considered to big of a threat in Athens Accused of denying the gods Corrupting the young Trying to overthrow the government

The Trial of Socrates Tried before 500 citizens Defended himself

Spoke about truth and goodness “Wealth does not bring goodness. But

goodness brings wealth and every blessing, both to the citizen and to the polis”

Would not change his beliefs to save his life Found guilty and sentenced to death

Had to drink poisonous hemlock juice Athenians later regretted executing him and

put up a bronze statue in his honor

Plato Socrates left no writings Everything we know we know from

Plato, his student Athenian aristocrat Recorded his speeches before

Socrates’ death 30 years old at death of Socrates Wanted to be a politician

Plato con’t 399 B.C. changed his mind; traveled

to Egypt and Italy for 12 years Returned to Greece and set up a

school near Athens in the sacred grove of the hero Academus (sound familiar)

Called the Academy He taught for 40 years, school itself

lasted for almost 900 years

Plato’s Beliefs Wrote down his ideas in a book called The

Republic- 1st book ever written on political science-(study of government)

Believed in order Political liberty was disorder Only wise and good should rule Believed in the truth, had to search long for it Wrote The Dialogues- a series of discussions

with Socrates as the leading speaker talking with different people about things like truth and loyalty (like practice conversations; self help books)

Aristotle Plato’s brightest pupil Came to the Academy at the age of 17 Stayed for 20 years Called the “master of them that know” Believed in using ones senses to

discover the laws that govern the world 1st to classify (group together) plants

and animals that resemble each other- still use it today

Classification

Helps scientist handle lots of information in an orderly way.

Kingdom Class

Order Family

Species

Classification of a Cockroach!

Kingdom Animalia Phylum Anthropoda

Class Insecta Order Blattaria

Family Blattidae species Periplanta Americana

Scientific Method Greek scientist Thales of Miletus

developed 1st two steps of the method 1st he collected information Based on what he collected, he formed a

hypothesis (we can thank him for the invention of science projects!)

Aristotle came up with the 3rd step The hypothesis must be tested to see if

it is correct

If I Only Had A Brain. . .

That just doesn’t seem logical?

Ever ponder something and realize it just doesn’t make sense?

You are using logic: the science of reasoning

Aristotle developed a process of reason called syllogism

What is Syllogism?I’m glad you asked.

Method of reasoning that uses 3 related statements. The 3rd statement is a conclusion based on the 1st two statements.

I didn’t pay attention in class I failed my test Therefore, lack of paying attention made

me fail my test

Is This A Syllogism?

Mrs. Cuevas is a great teacher She is a great person Therefore, she is the greatest

teacher in the world!

BE CAREFUL HOW YOU ANSWER THIS!

Now it’s your turn! Remember, 3 related statements;

the 3rd one is the conclusion

Discoveries and Inventions Greek scientists weren’t looking for ways to

make life better, just wanted to see what made it “tick” and add to their own knowledge

Didn’t have equipment like telescopes, microscopes, small scales etc.

Did make great discoveries Discovered that natural events were not caused by

the way the gods behaved World is governed by natural law Look on page 189 for a list of scientists/fields http://www.teachertube.com/view_video.ph

p?viewkey=521c12ee76289d944081

Predicted an eclipse of the sun in 585 B.C. Hippocrates considered the “father of

medicine” Traveled throughout Greece diagnosing, curing Believed disease comes from natural causes Most people thought it came from evil spirits Made a list of rules about how doctors should use

their skills on patients-Hippocratic Oath Honor their teachers Do their best for the sick Never give poisons Keep patients secrets

Now don’t you feel a whole lot smarter!