Challenging our Notions of Learning:

Understanding How Web 2.0 Technology Works  Paul G. Brown | www.paulgordonbrown.com | paulgordonbrown@gmail.com

Did You Know 4.0 (September 2009, video) http://shifthappens.wikispaces.com/versions

A definition of Web 2.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_2.0

“The term "Web 2.0" (2004–present) is commonly associated with web applications that facilitate interactive information sharing, interoperability, user-centered design, and collaboration on the World Wide Web. Examples of Web 2.0 include web-based communities, hosted services, web applications, social-networking sites, video-sharing sites, wikis, blogs, mashups, and folksonomies. A Web 2.0 site allows its users to interact with other users or to change website content, in contrast to

non-interactive websites where users are limited to the passive viewing of information that is provided to them. The term is closely associated with Tim O'Reilly because of the O'Reilly Media Web 2.0 conference in 2004. Although the term suggests a new version of the World Wide Web, it does not refer to an update to any technical specifications, but rather to cumulative changes in the ways software developers and end-users use the Web.” A definition of Constructivism (Learning Theory) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constructivism_(learning_theory) “Constructivism is a theory of knowledge (epistemology) that argues that humans generate knowledge and meaning from an interaction between their experiences and their ideas... Piaget's theory of constructivist learning has had wide ranging impact on learning theories and teaching methods in education and is an underlying theme of many education reform movements... constructivism is not a particular pedagogy. In fact, constructivism is a theory describing how learning happens, regardless of whether learners are using their experiences to understand a lecture or following the instructions for building a model airplane. In both cases, the theory of constructivism suggests that learners construct knowledge out of their experiences. However, constructivism is often associated with pedagogic approaches that promote active learning, or learning by doing.” Marcia Baxter-Magolda’s Three Challenges in the Learning Partnerships Model:

• Portray knowledge as complex and socially constructed • Self is central to knowledge construction • Authority and expertise shared in the mutual construction of knowledge

Baxter Magolda, M. B., and P. King. (2004). Learning partnerships: Theory and models of practice to educate for self authorship. Jossey-Bass: San Francisco.

RSA Animate-Changing Education Paradigms (video): http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zDZFcDGpL4U A Vision of Students Today (video) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dGCJ46vyR9o

The Raft and the Pyramid http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtue_epistemology “Ernest Sosa introduced the notion of an intellectual virtue into contemporary epistemological discussion in a 1980 paper ‘The Raft and the Pyramid’. Foundationalism holds that beliefs are founded or based on other beliefs in a hierarchy, similar to the bricks in the structure of a pyramid. Coherentism, on the other hand, uses the metaphor of a raft in which all beliefs are not tied down by foundations but instead are interconnected due to the logical relationships between each belief. Sosa, E. (1980). “The Raft and the Pyramid: Coherence versus Foundations in the Theory of Knowledge.” Midwest Studies in Philosophy 5, 3-25.

Information R/evolution (video) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-4CV05HyAbM That is Information (video) http://www.maya.com/the-feed/what-is-information-architecture Metadata and Meta tags – Metadata may include descriptive information about the context, quality and condition, or

characteristics of the data. Meta elements provide information about a given file or webpage, most often to help computers categorize them correctly. They are inserted into the file or HTML document, but are often not directly visible to a user. (modified from Wikipedia entries) The Machine is Us/ing Us (video) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NLlGopyXT_g

Rethinking Education (video) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5Xb5spS8pmE

A definition of Personal Learning Network http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_Learning_Network

“Personal Learning Networks consist of the people a learner interacts with and derives knowledge from in a Personal Learning Environment. An important part of this concept is the theory of connectivism developed by George Siemens and Stephen Downes. Learners create connections and develop a network that contributes to their professional development and knowledge. The learner does not have to know these people personally or ever meet them in person.”

Participation Inequality: 90-9-1 http://www.useit.com/alertbox/participation_inequality.html

• 90% of users are lurkers (i.e., read or observe, but don't contribute). • 9% of users contribute from time to time, but other priorities dominate their time. • 1% of users participate a lot and account for most contributions: it can seem as if

they don't have lives because they often post just minutes after whatever event they're commenting on occurs.

further resources...| mashable.com Mashable is an Internet news blog, started by Pete Cashmore in July 2005. It ranks as one of the largest blogs on the Internet. Mashable regularly writes about YouTube, Facebook, Google, Twitter, MySpace, Apple and startups, but it also reports on less high-profile social networking and social media sites. mediatedcultures.net/ksudigg A Kansas State University working group led by Dr. Michael Wesch dedicated to exploring and extending the possibilities of digital ethnography. scottmcleod.net Scott McLeod, an Associate Professor of Educational Administration at Iowa State University and the Director of the UCEA Center for the Advanced Study of Technology Leadership in Education (CASTLE). Also the co-creator of the Did You Know? (Shift Happens) videos. http://shifthappens.wikispaces.com/ educause.edu EDUCAUSE is a nonprofit association whose mission is to advance higher education by promoting the intelligent use of information technology.