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Bergeron, First Responder 8th ed. © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ
Chapter 1
Introduction to EMS Systems
Bergeron, First Responder 8th ed. © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ
Introduction
►The EMS System
►The Emergency Medical Responder
Bergeron, First Responder 8th ed. © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ
The EMS System
Components of the EMS System
► Communication Centers
► Air Medical Transports
► Hospitals
► Law Enforcement
Bergeron, First Responder 8th ed. © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ
The EMS System
► Specially Trained Personnel
► Ambulances
► Fire Departments
► Rescue Squads
Bergeron, First Responder 8th ed. © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ
The EMS System
In-Hospital Care System
► Emergency Departments
► Specialty Hospitals
• Traumas
• Strokes
• Burns
• Cardiac Problems
• Pediatrics
Bergeron, First Responder 8th ed. © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ
The EMS System
Medical Oversight
► Medical Director
► Off-Line Medical Direction
• Protocols
• (Standing Orders)
► On-Line Medical Direction
Bergeron, First Responder 8th ed. © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ
The Emergency Medical Responder
Roles and Responsibilities
“Emergency Medical Responders are trained to reach patients, find out what is wrong, provide emergency care and, only when necessary and without causing further injury, move patients. These individuals are usually the first trained personnel to reach the patient.”
Bergeron, First Responder 8th ed. © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ
The Emergency Medical Responder
Roles and Responsibilities
► Personal Safety
• Disposable Gloves
• Barrier Devices
• Protective Eyewear
• Face Masks
• Gowns or Aprons
Click the image to enlarge
Bergeron, First Responder 8th ed. © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ
The Emergency Medical Responder
Roles and Responsibilities
► Traits
• Teachable
• Responsible
• Honest and Realistic
• Tactful and Respectful
Bergeron, First Responder 8th ed. © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ
The Emergency Medical Responder
Roles and Responsibilities
► Traits
• Emotionally in Control
• Disciplined
• Understanding of Stress
• Healthy
Bergeron, First Responder 8th ed. © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ
The Emergency Medical Responder
Skills
EMRs should be able to:
► Assess For and Manage Hazards on Scene
► Gain Access to Patients in Vehicles
► Gain Access to Patients in Buildings
► Evaluate the Possible Cause of an Illness or Injury
Bergeron, First Responder 8th ed. © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ
The Emergency Medical Responder
Skills
EMRs should be able to:
► Gather Pertinent Information from Patient or Bystanders
► Properly Utilize Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
► Conduct an Appropriate Patient Assessment
► Gather Accurate Vital Signs
Bergeron, First Responder 8th ed. © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ
The Emergency Medical Responder
Skills
EMRs should be able to:
► Properly Document Assessment Findings
► Relate Signs and Symptoms to Illness or Injury
► Evaluate and Manage a Patient’s Airway and Breathing
► Perform CPR
Bergeron, First Responder 8th ed. © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ
The Emergency Medical Responder
Skills
EMRs should be able to:
► Properly Utilize an AED
► Control Bleeding
► Assess and Manage Shock
► Provide Care for Patients with Closed and Open Injuries
Bergeron, First Responder 8th ed. © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ
The Emergency Medical Responder
Skills
EMRs should be able to:
►Perform Basic Dressing and Bandaging
►Assess and Care for Possible Injuries to Bones and Joints
►Assess and Care for Possible Injuries to the Head and Face
►Assess and Care for Possible Injuries to the Neck and Spine
Bergeron, First Responder 8th ed. © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ
The Emergency Medical Responder
Skills
EMRs should be able to:
►Assess and Care for Possible Heart Attacks, Strokes, Seizures, and Diabetic Emergencies
► Identify and Care for Poisoning Cases
►Assess and Care for Burns
►Assess and Care for Heat- and Cold-Related Emergencies
Bergeron, First Responder 8th ed. © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ
The Emergency Medical Responder
Skills
EMRs should be able to:
► Assist a Mother in Delivering Her Baby
► Provide Initial Care for the Newborn
► Identify and Care for Drug and Alcohol Abuse Patients
Bergeron, First Responder 8th ed. © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ
The Emergency Medical Responder
Skills
EMRs should be able to:
►Move Patients (When Necessary)
►Perform Triage at a Multiple Casualty Incident
►Work within the Structure of an Incident Management System
►Work Under the Direction of More Highly Trained Personnel
Bergeron, First Responder 8th ed. © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ
The Emergency Medical Responder
Skills
EMRs should be able to:
►Deliver Oxygen
►Apply or Assist in Applying a Traction Splint
►Apply or Assist in Applying a Cervical Collar
►Assist in Securing a Patient to a Long Spine Board or Similar Device Used to Immobilize a Patient’s Spine
Bergeron, First Responder 8th ed. © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ
The Emergency Medical Responder
Equipment, Tools, and Supplies
The D.O.T. has recommended that EMRs have access to and be familiar with:
► Appropriate Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
► Triangular Bandages
► Roller-Type Bandages
► Gauze Pads and Trauma Dressings
► Occlusive Dressings
► Adhesive Tape
► Bandage Shears
Bergeron, First Responder 8th ed. © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ
The Emergency Medical Responder
Equipment, Tools, and Supplies
► Eye Protector (Paper Cup or Cone)
► Stick (for Tourniquet)
► Blankets and Pillows
► Upper and Lower Extremity Splint Sets
The D.O.T. has recommended that EMRs have access to and be familiar with:
Bergeron, First Responder 8th ed. © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ
The Emergency Medical Responder
Equipment, Tools, and Supplies
► Blood Pressure Kits
► Basic Extrication Tools, Such As:• Jack
• Screwdriver
• Pliers
• Hammer
• Knife
• Rope
The D.O.T. has recommended that EMRs have access to and be familiar with:
Bergeron, First Responder 8th ed. © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ
The Emergency Medical Responder
Advances in Technology
GPS Navigation
and Tracking
Click the image to enlarge