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description of basic parts of a cell; Membrane, cytoplasm, wall, nucelus, ribosome, mitochondria, cholophyll. For middle grades
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Cells- The Structure of Life
Today we will be exploring different kinds of cells, and
parts of cells.
2 Kinds of Cells
• Prokaryotic– Less Complex– Missing a
nucleus, and some other structures which Eukaryotic cells have
• Eukaryotic– More Complex– Include a Nucleus
Plants and Animals- Different cells
• Plant Cells• Have rigid a Cell
wall• Have Choloroplasts,
which produce food.
• Animals Cells• No cell walls• No choloroplasts
Some Parts of Eukaryotic Cells
Did you know?The parts within a cell are called “Organelles” Different organelles do different things
Cell Membrane
• The “bag” around the outside of a cell, holding everything inside
• There are little holes in the bag to let certain things in and out• Lets the good things in, and keeps the bad things out.
Cytoplasm
• The liquid within a cell– A special fluid which the organelles in a
cell exist and interact in– Includes many molecules the cell needs
to function – Also called cytosol
Cell wall• Only plant cells have a cell wall– The wall is made of cellulose and is
rigid (hard)• “Cellulose provides a protected framework
for a plant cell to survive. It's like taking a water balloon and putting it in a cardboard box. The balloon is protected from the outside world.”– Biology4kids.com
Ribosomes
• Ribosomes help make proteins, which cells need to do all sorts of things.– They translate the code of DNA and use
building blocks call amino acids to make proteins
Mitochondria
• Mitochondria create energy for the cell. – Like your digestive system,
mitochondria break down nutrients, which releases energy
– The process of creating this energy is called cellular respiration
Choloroplasts• Only Plants (and some protists) have
them!– They convert the energy of the sun in to
sugar (which mitochondria break down later for energy)
• You can see them in cells- they are always green
– This process is called photosynthesis. Photosynthesis also releases oxygen.