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Cell - Cell - Structure Structure
and and FunctionsFunctions
CellsCells
• Smallest living unitSmallest living unit• Most are Most are
microscopicmicroscopic
Discovery of Cells Robert HookeRobert Hooke
Observed sliver of corkObserved sliver of corkSaw “row of empty boxes”Saw “row of empty boxes”Coined the term cellCoined the term cell
Characteristics of All Characteristics of All CellsCells
A surrounding membraneA surrounding membrane Protoplasm – cell contents in thick fluidProtoplasm – cell contents in thick fluid Organelles – structures for cell functionOrganelles – structures for cell function Control center with DNAControl center with DNA
Cell TypesCell Types
• Prokaryotic
• Eukaryotic
Prokaryotic Cells
• First cell type on earth• Cell type of Bacteria and Archaea
Prokaryotic CellsProkaryotic Cells No membrane bound nucleusNo membrane bound nucleus Nucleoside = region of DNA concentrationNucleoside = region of DNA concentration Organelles not bound by membranesOrganelles not bound by membranes
Eukaryotic CellsEukaryotic CellsNucleus bound by membraneNucleus bound by membraneInclude fungi, protists, plant, Include fungi, protists, plant, and animal cellsand animal cellsPossess many organellesPossess many organelles
Animal Cell
Plant CellPlant Cell
Organelles Cellular machinery Cellular machinery Two general kindsTwo general kinds
• Derived from membranesDerived from membranes• Bacteria-like organellesBacteria-like organelles
Cell Walls►Found in plants, fungi, & many protistsFound in plants, fungi, & many protists►Surrounds plasma membraneSurrounds plasma membrane
Cell Wall Differences Plants – mostly cellulosePlants – mostly cellulose Fungi – contain chitinFungi – contain chitin
Cytoplasm Viscous fluid containing organellesViscous fluid containing organelles components of cytoplasmcomponents of cytoplasm
Interconnected filaments & fibers Interconnected filaments & fibers Organelles (not nucleus)Organelles (not nucleus) storage substancesstorage substances
NucleusNucleus
Control center of Control center of cellcell
Double membraneDouble membrane
Contains Contains – ChromosomesChromosomes– Nucleolus Nucleolus
NucleolusMost cells have 2 or moreMost cells have 2 or moreDirects synthesis of RNADirects synthesis of RNAForms ribosomesForms ribosomes
Vacuoles
Membrane bound storage sacs More common in plants than animals Contents
– Water– Food– wastes
Bacteria-Like Organelles
Release & store energy
Types Mitochondria (release energy) Chloroplasts (store energy)
ChloroplastsDerived form photosynthetic bacteriaSolar energy capturing organelle
Photosynthesis Takes place in the chloroplast Makes cellular food – glucose