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Plant and Animal cells are similar in many ways
but also have some differences
Let’s begin with a generalised animal cell...
All cells are surrounded by a partially
permeable cell surface membrane – this
allows some substances to move in and
out of the cell
Cell surface membrane
Most of the cell is filled with a jelly like cytoplasm.
This is where all the cell activity happens.
It contains small organelles where specific activities occur
Cytoplasm
All cells have a nucleus (there are a few exceptions but they
began with a nucleus that then breaks down).
It is surrounded by a membraneThe nucleus controls all the activity in a cell.It contains genetic material in chromosomes.Chromosomes are made of DNAThere is a dark region called the nucleolus that is sometimes visible
Nucleus
Nucleolus
All cells need energy from RespirationThis energy is stored in a molecule called ATP.Aerobic Respiration occurs in organelles called mitochondriaVery active cells, like muscle cells, have many mitochondria so they can make a lot of energy from respiration
mitochondria
Proteins are made on small structures called ribosomesThe proteins are then modified in organelles called Endoplasmic Reticulum.When ribosomes are found on the surface of Endoplasmic Reticulum it is called Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Ribosomes
Endoplasmic
Reticulum
Rough Endoplasm
ic
Reticulum
Sometimes the proteins and other substances made in a cell are stored and moved around in vesicles.These are small sacs with a membrane around them.Vesicles may move to the cell surface membrane and empty their contents out of the cell
vesicles
This is a generalised plant cellSuch as a palisade mesophyll cell from a leaf
There are some
features plant
and animal
cells have in
common
The cell surface
membrane allows
certain substances in
and out of the cell
because it is partially
permeable
Cell surface
membrane
The nucleus contains
the genetic material in
organelles
A nucleolus may be
visible
Nucleus
Nucleolus
Photosynthesis takes
place in chloroplasts
They contain the
green pigment
called chlorophyll
This captures light
energy
They are only found
in plant cells that
photosynthesise
chloroplasts
Plant cells have a large
central vacuole
It is filled with cell sap
This is a solution of
dissolved substances
There is a membrane
around the vacuole
Large, central
vacuole
Cell sap
All plant cells are
surrounded by a
cellulose cell wall
This provides support
for the cell and the
plant.
The cellulose may
become further
thickened with other
substances like lignin
Cellulose cell wall
Learn all the parts of these cells
and know their functions
Complete the table in your notes
to show the similarities and
differences between plant and
animal cells
Prokaryote cells have a cell surface
membrane
This is surrounded by a cell wall that is not
made of cellulose but of a protein substance
Cell surface
membrane
Cell wall