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Release 16/07/2009 Jetking Infotrain Ltd.
Chapter Objectives
Explain line configuration Explain different types of topologies Explain the types of networks Discuss the modes of transmission Discuss the hierarchical network model Discuss the OSI Layers
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Point-to-Point Configuration
A dedicated link exists between the two devices
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Multipoint Configuration
More than two devices share the same link.
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Physical Topology
Represents the physical layout of devices on a network
It is the arrangement of the devices on the network and the way they communicate with each other
Bus
Star
RingTree
MeshPhysical Topology
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Local Area Network (LAN)
This is used in a small area, an office or organization The computers can be connected to
each other and other devices, printer or a modem
The rate at which the data is transmitted is very fast
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Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) This is used in a large geographical area, town or city Enables high speed connections using fiber optic
Release 16/07/2009 Jetking Infotrain Ltd.
Wide Area Network (WAN) This is used in a larger area than MAN, countries or
cities Enables high speed connections using
public networks, telephone lines, satellites, or leased lines
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Simplex Mode of Transmission
Only one device can transmit the data, whereas the other can only receive the data
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Half Duplex Transmission Mode Both devices can transmit and receive the data, but
not simultaneously
Waki-toky
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Full Duplex Mode of Transmission Both the devices can send and receive the data
simultaneously
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Application Layer - I
The topmost layer of the OSI model Link between the user and the presentation layer
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Application Layer - II
Functions include Authentication File access, transfer and management Directory Services
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Presentation Layer Acts as a link between application and the session
layer Defines the forms of text, graphics, video or audio
information that is to be sent to the user
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Session Layer Responsible to validate and establish a connection between the
users Each session is divided into sub sessions Functions include
Session Management Synchronization Dialog Control Closing the session
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Transport Layer Responsible for source-to-destination delivery of the entire
message divides each message into segments and assigns a sequence
number to each segment Functions include
Service point addressing End-to-end message delivery Segmentation and reassembly Connection control
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Flow Control using Three-Way Handshake Three-Way handshake
helps to establish the connection between the two devices
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Sliding Window This concept of deciding the window size without
sending an acknowledgement is termed as Windowing
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Network Layer Responsible for routing and logical addressing Assigns IP addresses and routes the packets to the destination Functions include
Source-to-destination delivery Logical addressing Routing Address transformation Multiplexing
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Data Link Layer Second layer of the OSI model Functions include
Identifying the encapsulated data Framing Arbitration Physical addressing Error detection
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Physical Layer
Responsible for transmitting a bit over the physical medium Converts the data from the data link layer in a format that
the communication medium can carry Functions include:
Line configuration Data transmission Topology Signals
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Full and Half Duplex Ethernet
Half Duplex Full Duplex
One wire is used to connect the networks and transmit the data
Two wires are used to connect the networks and transmit the data
Chances of collision if client and server transmit data simultaneously
There are no chances of collision
It uses Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection (CSMA/CD) protocol
CSMA/CD not required hence the data transmission rate is 100 percent
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Ethernet Frames
Frames are used to transfer the packets They perform the data security check and ensure
that the data is not corrupted
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Hierarchical Communications The benefits of Cisco hierarchical model include
High performance Efficient management and troubleshooting Policy creation Scalability Behavior prediction
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Core Layer Responsible for fast and reliable transportation of data
across a network Devices include
Cisco Switches in the 7000, 7200, 7500 and 12000 series for connecting to the WAN devices
Catalyst Switches in the 6000, 5000 and 4000 series for connecting to the LAN devices
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Distribution Layer
Responsible for routing and managing network traffic Functions include
Packet filtering Access layer aggregation point Control broadcast and multicast Application gateways
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Access Layer Layer ensures that the packets are delivered to the
destination computers Functions include
Address filtering Separate collisions domain Share bandwidth Handle switch bandwidth
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Straight Through CableOr Patch Cable
Communicated to different
device to each other like as computer to
switch ,hub to switch or router to
computer etc.
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Cross-Over Cable
Communicated to same device to each other.
Such as computer to
computer and router to router, switch to switch
etc.
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Twisted Pair Cables
Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP)
Shielded Twisted Pair (STP)
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Summary - I
Line configuration is the manner in which the devices are attached to the communication links
Topology is the way in which the devices are connected together in the network
Two types of line configuration are: Point-to-point Multipoint
Five basic topologies include Bus Star
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Summary - II Ring Tree Mesh
The types of network are Local Area Network Metropolitan Area Network Wide Area Network
Modes of transmission Simplex Half Duplex Full Duplex
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Summary - III
The hierarchical network model designed by Cisco provides a reliable, scalable and cost effective way to transfer information
The three layers of the network model are: Core Distributional Access
Core layer is responsible for fast and reliable transportation of data on the network
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Summary - IV
Distribution layer is responsible for routing and it manipulates the packets by queuing them
Access layer ensures that the packets are delivered to the destination computers
The Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) is the layered model for the network systems, which enables computers in the network to communicate with each other
Application layer provides an interface for the user to interact with the application
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Summary - V
The seven layers of the OSI model include: Application Presentation Session Transport Network Data Link Physical
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Summary - VI
Presentation layer is responsible for the delivery of information
Session layer controls the communication between the applications on the hosts
Transport layer is responsible for source-to-destination delivery of the entire message
Ethernet Frames are used by the Data Link layer to transfer the packets of data from the Network layer
Physical layer is responsible to transmit a bit over the physical medium