CCAFS: An OverviewNational Policy Workshop,

Addis Ababa4 July 2011

The challenge

Crop suitability is changing

Average projected change in suitability for 50 crops, to 2050

Program design

CGIAR + Earth System Science Partnership (ESSP).

the partnership

1. Identify and develop pro-poor adaptation, risk management and mitigation practices, technologies and policies for agriculture and food systems.

2. Support agricultural issues in climate change policies, and of climate issues in agricultural policies, at all levels.

CCAFS objectives

Theme 1. Adaptation to Progressive Climate Change

Theme 2. Managing

Climate Risk

Theme 3. Pro-poor mitigation

Theme 4. Integration for decision making

Climate variability and changeImproved

environmentalbenefits

Improvedlivelihoods

Improvedfood security

Trade-offs and synergies

1. Adaptation to progressive climate change2. Adaptation through managing climate risk

3. Pro-poor climate change mitigation

Technologies, practices, policies and capacity enhancement:

4. Integration for decision making

Enhanced adaptive capacity in agricultural,

NRM & food systems

Place-based field and policy work

Indo-Gangetic Plains:Parts of India, Bangladesh, Nepal

Regional program leader: Pramod Aggarwal

East Africa:Tanzania, Uganda, Kenya, and Ethiopia

Regional program leader:James Kinyangi

West Africa:Senegal, Mali, Burkina Faso, Ghana, and Niger

Regional program leader:Robert Zougmoré

Results from Kenya

Total annual GHG emissions 1,000 t CO2e, from land-use change, livestock, nitrogen fertilizer consumption

and fires in grazing lands (Winrock Study: Brown et al 2011)

Region CountryLand-Use Change

LivestockNitrogen Fertilizer

Grazing Area Burned

TotalTotal

from NC*East Africa Ethiopia 7,339 41,966 339 1,254 50,897 32,728

Kenya 1,812 11,988 323 232 14,356 12,088 Tanzania 1,833 13,935 42 1,736 17,546 28,017 Uganda 1,112 6,204 18 524 7,858 5,797

Subtotal 12,097 74,093 722 3,745 90,657 78,629

West Africa Burkina Faso 273 8,779 18 306 9,377 4,501 Ghana 1,664 1,865 55 491 4,076 4,637 Mali 440 9,270 64 241 10,015 7,036 Niger 31 10,405 14 9 10,460 6,231 Senegal 369 3,364 84 249 4,066 4,514 Subtotal 2,778 33,683 235 1,297 37,993 26,919

Grand Total 14,874 107,776 957 5,043 128,649 105,548

Mapped distribution of increases in cropland area for East Africa 2001 - 2006

Brown et al, 2011

Area of grazing lands burned 2001-2007

Burned area data from http://bioval.jrc.ec.europa.eu/products/burnt_areas_L3JRC/GlobalBurntAreas2000-2007.php

Brown et al, 2011

Opportunities to reduce emissions or increase sequestration in Ethiopia

Management option Mitigation Potential Actions required

Livestock High Technical options?

Soil C sequestration Moderate Incentives? Monitoring?

Reduced burning Moderate Technical options?

Fertilizer Low to date Future efficiencies, sustainable intensification?

GHG quantification

- Livestock system inventory methods (ILRI)

- Simple and cost effective MRV

- Regional capacity building

Other research in East Africa

Improving benefits from carbon market projects involving farmers

7 projects In collaboration with Ecoagriculture, ICRAF:• Humbo Reforestation Project, World Vision, Ethiopia• Vi Agroforestry, CARE, TIST, Kenya • Ecotrust, NFA, Uganda• Cocoa Carbon Initiative, Ghana

Lessons- Real benefits from yields, not payments ($2/yr) - Need to decrease costs and risks- Pre-existing institutions, upfront finance critical- Monitoring livelihoods not a priority