Catalan independentism 1

Catalan independentism

Catalan independentist mural in Belfast

Catalan independentism (Catalan: Independentisme català;Eastern Catalan: [indəpəndənˈtizmə kətəˈɫa], Western

Catalan: [independenˈtizme kataˈla]) is a political movement,derived from Catalan nationalism, which supports theindependence of Catalonia or the so-called Catalan countriesfrom Spain and France. Catalan independentism is based onthe thesis that Catalonia is a nation, derived from its ownhistory, language and culture.

The beginnings of the movement can be traced back to theearly 20th century, when some organisations and politicalparties started demanding full independence of Catalonia fromSpain. During the following years, and mainly due to Franco's regime oppression against the Catalan people andculture, the movement gained more sympathizers. More recently, there has been an increase in the number offollowers and non-binding and unofficial referendums have been held in municipalities around Catalonia.

The Estelada flag, in its blue and red versions, has become its main symbol.

History

On the left, Francesc Macià, leader of ERC andPresident of Catalonia between 1931 and 1933

Some Catalan separatist authors argue that first precedents ofCatalan independentism may date back as far as 1640, with theunsuccessful first Catalan Republic after the Reaper's War, andsubsequently during the War of the Spanish Succession. However, inthe modern sense, the first political parties which started definingthemselves as independentists[1] were created between the 1920s andthe 1930s in Spanish Catalonia. The main separatist party created atthis time was Estat Català[1] and its branch called Bandera Negra.Estat Català evolved into the new party Esquerra Republicana deCatalunya, although some of its members refused it and remainedfaithful to the original Estat Català, now a minor party.

After the Spanish Civil War, members of Estat Català and NosaltresSols founded the Front Nacional de Catalunya which became themain pro-independence party. However, one might argue thatmodern Catalan independentism was actually born in the 1960s withthe Partit Socialista d'Alliberament Nacional (PSAN). Since then, thepro-independence movement has assumed a mostly left-wingpolitical trend and has often shifted its focus from "independence for

Catalonia" to "independence for the 'Catalan Countries'".

By the 1970s, the PSAN split into several factions, and many other groups appeared, including the armedorganization Terra Lliure. In the 1980s, the Moviment de Defensa de la Terra (MDT) became the majorpro-independence political group but this too became divided by the end of the decade. During the 1990s, existingpolitical parties such as Esquerra Republicana de Catalunya and the linguistic-national initiative Crida a la Solidaritatprogressively evolved towards a more pro-independence stance.

Catalan independentism 2

Modern Independentism

Joan Puigcercós, former leader of ERC, in Blanes

The parties explicitly campaigning for independence are EsquerraRepublicana de Catalunya, Solidaritat Catalana per la Independènciaand Reagrupament; the former two are currently represented in theCatalan Parliament. They won 11.6% of the total Catalan votes in theCatalan Parliament in the Catalonian parliamentary election, 2010 [2]

becoming the 3rd most important party and having the key for thegovernment. They are present as well in another parliament in theCatalan countries, namely that of the Balearic Islands, where theyhave one member.[3] They also have an elected member in theConsell de Mallorca[4] which belongs to the autonomic government.Out of Catalan Countries they have one MEP and 3 members of theSpanish Parliament.

A number of members and voters of Convergència i Unió (CiU),nationalist federation of 2 parties[5] with the majority of seats at theCatalan parliament (38.5% of the vote in the 2010 Catalanparliamentary election) also give, usually less explicit, support toindependence. This tendency inside the party has presumably beengrowing since its leader proposed in 2007 the so called Casa Gran del Catalanisme project which, among othercauses, includes the defense of self-determination for Catalonia. Finally, the left wing party Iniciativa per Catalunya(7.5% of the vote in the 2010 Catalan parliamentary election) claims to give full support to self-determination rightand has several members explicitly supporting Catalan independence.

The political parties that explicitly reject Catalan independence and self-determination rights are the Socialists' Partyof Catalonia,[6] the People's Party of Catalonia[7] and Ciutadans[8] which had 18,6%, 12,2% and 3,4% of the voterespectively in the 2010 Catalan parliamentary election. However, there is a significant fraction within the SocialistParty supporting the sovereignty of Catalonia within a federalized Spain.[9]

Other independentist smaller parties or coalitions, without present representation in any parliament, are Estat Català,Unitat Nacional de Catalunya, Endavant, PSAN, MDT, CUP and Reagrupament. There are also youth organizationssuch as Maulets or Coordinadora d'Assemblees de Joves de l'Esquerra Independentista, and the student unions SEPCand FNEC.

"L'Estelada Vermella" (The Red Starred Flag), thered version of the independentist flag.

In recent years, some of the rationale for Catalan independentism hasreceived support from individuals coming from a broader politicalspectrum other than the usual left or far-left Catalan nationalism.Relevant examples are the liberal economists Xavier Sala iMartín[10] and Ramon Tremosa Balcells (elected deputy for CiU inthe European parliament in the 2009 election), the lawyer and FCBarcelona president Joan Laporta[11] or the jurist and former memberof the Consejo General del Poder Judicial Alfons López Tena.[12]

The think tank Cercle d'Estudis Sobiranistes, led by the juristsAlfons López Tena and Hèctor López Bofill was founded in 2007.Since then it has summoned a number of lawmakers, professors,businessmen, professionals, economists, journalists and intellectuals for the cause of Catalonia's independence. InSpain, some considered

Catalan independentism 3

"L'Estelada Blava" (The Blue Starred Flag), the blueversion of the independentist flag.

this trend to have been stimulated as a reaction especially against thepolicy of the latter Spanish governments of the Partido Popularparty, and its opposition to certain legislative reforms such as thenew proposal of Statute of Catalonia.

Referendum on Catalonia's independence

Since 13 December 2009, non-official referendums on Catalanindependence are being carried out[13][14][15] in 167[16] towns,villages and 5 Comarcal council covering more than 700,000[17]

citizens with 15,000 volunteers,[18] following the first one celebratedin Arenys de Munt on 13 September, 30[16] international observershave been accredited, like the MEPs (Jill Evans from Plaid Cymru, Frieda Brepoels from Flanders, François Alfonsifrom Corse and Oriol Junqueras from Catalonia).[19]

Studies on social support to independentism in CataloniaPolls on the matter are troublesome as the question of independence is not on the daily political agenda, somethingwhich may be distorting replies from the interviewed. What is more, polls from different institutions vary greatly.The position of Catalans regarding the independence of either Catalonia or of the Catalan Countries must be studiedtaking into account an important fact, namely, that a huge number of Catalan citizens are of immigrant origin andthat many of them feel little or no connection to the Catalan language or culture. It has been reckoned that the totalpopulation of Catalonia with no migrations would have grown from 2 million people in 1900 to just 2.4 million in1980,[20] merely 39% of the actual population of 6.1 million at that date. This population has continued growing andwas over 7.4 million in 2009.

PollsA few institutions have performed polls which also include questions on the independence issue in Catalonia. Thefollowing are the most prominent ones: (1) Center for Social Research (Centro de Investigaciones Sociales CIS)which belongs to the Spanish government, (2) Social and Political Sciencies Institute of Barcelona (Institut deCiències Polítiques i Socials ICPS) belonging to the Autonomous University of Barcelona and Diputation ofBarcelona, and (3) Center for Opinion Studies (Centre d'Estudis d'Opinió CEO). The CEO was depending on theEconomy Department of the Generalitat of Catalonia until early 2011. Since then it has been placed under directcontrol of the Presidency of the Generalitat. It is now headed by Jordi Argelaguet i Argemí.CIS performed a poll in Catalonia on 2001, including an explicit question on independence with the followingresults: 35.9% supporting it, 48.1% opposing it, 13.3% indifferent, 2.8% did not reply.ICPS performs annually an opinion poll since 1989, which always includes a section on independence.The question of independence has not been polled so far in other Catalan-speaking territories outside of Catalonia,but anecdotal evidence (basically the total absence of the independentist question in those territories) suggests thatthere is no sizeable support for the idea of independence of the Catalan-speaking territories outside of Catalonia.Polls seem to indicate an ambivalent and far from universal feeling. For example, the 2007 ICPS poll indicated that,when asked about the independence of Catalonia, 51% of the population would be against it, 32% would be for it,while 17% do not have an opinion, but, in the same poll, when asked about the meaning of Spain, only 5% of theinterviewed identified with the downright independentist option ("Spain is an alien State of which my country is nota part").[21]

The results are in the following table:

Catalan independentism 4

Year Support (%) Against (%) Indifferent (%) Do not reply (%)

1991 35 50 11 4

1992 31 53 11 5

1993 37 50 9 5

1994 35 49 14 3

1995 36 52 10 3

1996 29 56 11 4

1997 32 52 11 5

1998 32 55 10 3

1999 32 55 10 3

2000 32 53 13 3

2001 33 55 11 1

2002 34 52 12 1

2003* 43 43 12 1

2004* 39 44 13 3

2005 36 44 15 6

2006 33 48 17 2

2007 31.7 51.3 14.1 2.9

2011[22] 41.4 22.9 26.5 9.2

•• On 2003 and 2004 a different methodology was used (telephonic instead of door-to-door interview).

CEO performs regular polls studying political opinion of Catalan citizens. The following table contains the answersto the question "Which kind of political entity should Catalonia be with respect to Spain?"[23]:

Date Independent state(%)

Confederal(%)

Keep it as it is(%)

Spanish region(%)

Do not know(%)

Do not reply(%)

June 2005 13.6 31.3 40.8 7.0 6.2 1.1

November 2005 12.9 35.8 37.6 5.6 6.9 1.2

March 2006 13.9 33.4 38.2 8.1 5.1 1.2

July 2006 14.9 34.1 37.3 6.9 6.1 0.7

October 2006 14.0 32.9 38.9 8.3 5.1 0.8

November 2006 15.9 32.8 40.0 6.8 3.7 0.8

March 2007 14.5 35.3 37.0 6.1 4.9 2.2

July 2007 16.9 34.0 37.3 5.5 5.4 1.0

October 2007 18.5 34.2 35.0 4.7 6.0 1.5

December 2007 17.3 33.8 37.8 5.1 5.0 1.0

January 2008 19.4 36.4 34.8 3.8 4.1 1.6

May 2008 17.6 33.4 38.9 5.1 4.3 0.7

July 2008 16.1 34.7 37.0 6.1 5.2 0.9

November 2008 17.4 31.8 38.3 7.1 4.2 1.2

Catalan independentism 5

February2009[24]

16.1 35.2 38.6 4.5 3.6 2.0

May 2009[25] 20.9 35.0 34.9 4.4 3.0 1.7

July 2009[26] 19.0 32.2 36.8 6.2 4.2 1.6

December2009[27]

21.6 29.9 36.9 5.9 4.1 1.6

2010 1stseries[28]

19.4 29.5 38.2 6.9 4.4 1.6

2010 2ndseries[29]

21.5 31.2 35.2 7.3 4.0 0.7

2010 3rdseries[30]

24.3 31.0 33.3 5.4 4.9 1.0

2010 4thseries[31]

25.2 30.9 34.7 5.9 2.7 0.7

2011 1stseries[32]

24.5 31.9 33.2 5.6 3.5 1.3

2011 2ndseries[33]

25.5 33.0 31.8 5.6 3.4 0.8

2011 3rdseries[34]

28.2 30.4 30.3 5.7 3.9 1.5

•• Also, since the second quarter of 2011, CEO is asking about the behaviour in an independence referendum:

Date In favor (%) Against (%) Abstain (%) Other (%) Do not know (%) Do not reply (%)

2011 2nd series[33] 42.9 28.2 23.3 0.5 4.4 0.8

2011 3rd series[34] 45.4 24.7 23.8 0.6 4.6 1.0

This means that, in the 2011 3rd series, for a turnout of 71.4 %, the opinion is 60.3% in favor of independence and39,7% against.•• The Catalan newspapers El Periódico and La Vanguardia have been publishing their own surveys in recent

times.

La Vanguardia

Catalan independentism 6

Date Yes (%) No (%) Other (%)

02/11/09 [35] 35 46 19

15/03/10 [36] 36 44 20

19/05/10 [37] 37 41 22

18/07/10 [38] 47 36 17

07/09/10 [39] 40 45 15

11/04/11 [40] 34 30 35

El Periódico

Date Yes (%) No (%) Other (%)

October 2007 [41] 33.9 43.9 22.3

December 2009 [42] 39.0 40.6 20.4

June 2010 [43] 48.1 35.3 16.6

January 2012 [44] 53.6 32.0 14.4

•• The FUNDACC Government Association conducted a survey over 5084 people that threw the following result.

Date Yes (%) No (%) Other (%)

April 2011 [45] 34 30 36

Public figures supporting Catalan independence• Víctor Alexandre, writer• Miquel Calçada, journalist and reporter[46]

• José Carreras, tenor singer[47]

• Àngel Colom, politician, founder of the Independence Party, currently member of the Democratic Convergence ofCatalonia

• Joan Laporta, former president of the Barcelona Football Club, and chairman of the Catalan Solidarity forIndependence

• Alfons López Tena, jurist, former member of the General Council of the Judicial Power of Spain• Hèctor López Bofill, political scientist and poet• Joel Joan, actor• Oriol Junqueras, historian and political activist• Justo Molinero, Radio host[48]

• Quim Monzó, short story writer• Manuel de Pedrolo, writer• Felip Puig, politician (Democratic Convergence of Catalonia) [49][50]

• Jordi Pujol i Soley, former president of the Generalitat de Catalunya• Oriol Pujol i Ferrusola, politician (Democratic Convergence of Catalonia)[51]

• Pilar Rahola, journalist and author, co-founder of the Independence Party• Jordi Rebellón, actor• Francesc Ribera i Toneu, lead singer of the group Brams

Catalan independentism 7

• Xavier Rubert de Ventós, philosopher[52][53]

• Xavier Sala-i-Martin, economist• Carles Solà i Ferrando, chemist• Joan Solà, philologist[54]

• Toni Strubell i Trueta, linguist• Josep-Maria Terricabras, philosopher• Matthew Tree, British-born Catalan writer• Ramon Tremosa i Balcells, economist• Lluís Maria Xirinacs i Damians, author• Thierry Henry, football player and former striker of Barcelona Football Club[55]

References and Footnotes[1] http:/ / www. estat-catala. cat/[2] http:/ / www. parlament. cat/ web/ composicio/ distribucio-escons[3] http:/ / fitxers. esquerra. cat/ arxius/ illes/ ParlamentMallorca. pdf[4] http:/ / www. parlamentib. cat/ catala/ sec0830. php3?fonssup=& zona=& cod_grupo=3[5] http:/ / www. ciu. info/[6] http:/ / www. socialistes. cat/[7] http:/ / www. ppcatalunya. com/[8] http:/ / www. ciudadanos-cs. org/[9] http:/ / www. cronica. cat/ noticia/ Lultima_batalla_dels_catalanistes_del_PSC[10] "Sala-i-Martin's Independence" (http:/ / www. columbia. edu/ ~xs23/ papers/ independ english. htm). Columbia.edu. . Retrieved 2009-11-09.[11] http:/ / www. fcbarcelona. com/ web/ catala/ club/ historia/ presidents/ joanlaporta. html[12] http:/ / vilaweb. tv/ ?video=4948[13] New York Times Catalans Vote In "Referendum" on Independence (http:/ / www. nytimes. com/ reuters/ 2009/ 12/ 12/ world/

international-uk-spain-catalonia. html?_r=1& scp=1& sq=catalonia& st=cse)[14] Chicago Tribune Villages in Spain's Catalonia region hold nonbinding vote on independence (http:/ / www. chicagotribune. com/ news/

nationworld/ sns-ap-eu-spain-catalonia-referendum,0,4944505. story)[15] Daily Telegraph Catalonia holds referendums to push for independence from Spain (http:/ / www. telegraph. co. uk/ news/ worldnews/

europe/ spain/ 6789168/ Catalonia-holds-referendums-to-push-for-independence-from-Spain. html)[16] http:/ / www. vilaweb. cat/ noticia/ 3666870/ paperetes-obren-escenari-politic-pais. html[17] Rainsford, Sarah (2009-12-12). "Catalonia votes on independence" (http:/ / news. bbc. co. uk/ 2/ hi/ europe/ 8409767. stm). BBC News. .

Retrieved 2010-04-28.[18] http:/ / www. lavanguardia. es/ politica/ noticias/ 20091213/ 53843511680/

166-municipios-catalanes-ya-votan-en-la-jornada-de-consultas-soberanistas. html[19] http:/ / www. vilaweb. cat/ noticia/ 3666112/ quatre-eurodiputats-faran-dobservadors-consultes. html[20] "Anna Cabré: ''Immigration and welfare state'' (in Catalan)" (http:/ / www. ced. uab. es/ publicacions/ PapersPDF/ Text183. pdf) (PDF). .

Retrieved 2009-11-09.[21] http:/ / www. icps. es/ archivos/ sondeigs/ SC2007. pdf[22] Sondeig d'opinió Catalunya 2011 (http:/ / www. icps. es/ sondeigs. asp?con=35& apr=1#35)(Catalan)[23] Centre d'Estudis d'Opinió (http:/ / www. gencat. cat/ economia/ ceo/ ceo. html) Poll results[24] Baròmetre d'Opinió Política. Febrer 2009 (http:/ / ceo. gencat. cat/ ceop/ AppJava/ pages/ estudis/ categories/ fitxaEstudi. html?colId=1586&

lastTitle=Baròmetre+ d'Opinió+ Política+ (BOP). + Febrer+ 2009)[25] Baròmetre d'Opinió Política. Maig 2009 (http:/ / ceo. gencat. cat/ ceop/ AppJava/ pages/ estudis/ categories/ fitxaEstudi. html?colId=1748&

lastTitle=Baròmetre+ d'Opinió+ Política+ (BOP). + Maig+ 2009)[26] Baròmetre d'Opinió Política. Juliol 2009 (http:/ / ceo. gencat. cat/ ceop/ AppJava/ pages/ estudis/ categories/ fitxaEstudi. html?colId=1989&

lastTitle=Baròmetre+ d'Opinió+ Política+ (BOP). + Juliol+ 2009)[27] Baròmetre d'Opinió Política. Desembre 2009 (http:/ / ceo. gencat. cat/ ceop/ AppJava/ pages/ estudis/ categories/ fitxaEstudi.

html?colId=2308& lastTitle=Baròmetre+ d'Opinió+ Política+ (BOP). + Desembre+ 2009)[28] Baròmetre d'Opinió Polític. 1a onada 2010 (http:/ / ceo. gencat. cat/ ceop/ AppJava/ pages/ estudis/ categories/ fitxaEstudi.

html?colId=2488& lastTitle=Baròmetre+ d'Opinió+ Política+ (BOP). + Febrer+ 2010)[29] Baròmetre d'Opinió Polític .2a onada 2010 (http:/ / ceo. gencat. cat/ ceop/ AppJava/ pages/ home/ fitxaEstudi. html?colId=2668&

lastTitle=Baròmetre+ d'Opinió+ Política+ (BOP). + 2a+ onada+ 2010)[30] Baròmetre d'Opinió Polític. 3a onada 2010 (http:/ / ceo. gencat. cat/ ceop/ AppJava/ pages/ home/ fitxaEstudi. html?colId=2908&

lastTitle=Baròmetre+ d'Opinió+ Política+ (BOP). + 3a+ onada+ 2010)

Catalan independentism 8

[31] Baròmetre d'Opinió Polític. 4a onada 2010 (http:/ / ceo. gencat. cat/ ceop/ AppJava/ pages/ home/ fitxaEstudi. html?colId=3068&lastTitle=Baròmetre+ d'Opinió+ Política+ (BOP). + 4a+ onada+ 2010)

[32] Baròmetre d'Opinió Polític. 1a onada 2011 (http:/ / ceo. gencat. cat/ ceop/ AppJava/ pages/ home/ fitxaEstudi. html?colId=3368&lastTitle=Baròmetre+ d'Opinió+ Política+ (BOP). + 1a+ onada+ 2011)

[33] Baròmetre d'Opinió Polític. 2a onada 2011 (http:/ / ceo. gencat. cat/ ceop/ AppJava/ pages/ home/ fitxaEstudi. html?colId=3648&lastTitle=Baròmetre+ d'Opinió+ Política+ (BOP). + 2a+ onada+ 2011)

[34] Baròmetre d'Opinió Polític. 3a onada 2011 (http:/ / ceo. gencat. cat/ ceop/ AppJava/ pages/ home/ fitxaEstudi. html?colId=3808&lastTitle=Baròmetre+ d'Opinió+ Política+ (BOP). + 3a+ onada+ 2011)

[35] (http:/ / www. lavanguardia. es/ politica/ noticias/ 20091102/ 53816274034/la-mayoria-aprueba-la-consulta-independentista-pero-votaria-en-contra-ciu-icv-psc-pp-laporta-institu. html) La mayoría aprueba la consultaindependentista pero votaría en contra (Spanish)

[36] (http:/ / www. lavanguardia. es/ politica/ noticias/ 20100315/ 53897625621/el-apoyo-a-las-consultas-y-el-rechazo-a-la-independencia-se-mantienen-estables. html) El apoyo a las consultas y el rechazo a laindependencia se mantienen estables (Spanish)

[37] (http:/ / www. lavanguardia. es/ politica/ noticias/ 20100519/ 53928729662/la-independencia-logra-su-mayor-cota-mientras-cae-el-rechazo-a-la-secesion-erc-ciu-estatut-noxa-psc-. html) La independencia logra sumayor cota mientras cae el rechazo a la secesión (Spanish)

[38] (http:/ / www. lavanguardia. es/ politica/ noticias/ 20100717/ 53965335140/ciu-sigue-cerca-de-la-mayoria-absoluta-frente-a-un-tripartito-que-no-remonta. html) CiU sigue cerca de la mayoría absoluta frente a untripartito que no remonta (Spanish)

[39] (Spanish)[[Category:Articles with Spanish language external links (http:/ / www. lavanguardia. es/ politica/ noticias/ 20100907/53996153467/ el-apoyo-a-la-independencia-remite-y-cae-al-40-tribunal-constitucional-partido-popular-instituto-nox. html)]

[40] (http:/ / www. lavanguardia. com/ politica/ 20110411/ 54139721337/el-34-de-los-catalanes-votaria-si-a-la-independencia-mientras-el-30-se-decantaria-por-el-no. html) El 34% de los catalanes votaría sí a laindependencia mientras el 30% se decantaría por el no (Spanish)

[41] (http:/ / www. elperiodico. cat/ default. asp?idpublicacio_PK=46& idioma=CAT& idnoticia_PK=450428& idseccio_PK=1008) El suport aun referèndum a Catalunya sorprèn els partits (Catalan)

[42] (http:/ / www. elperiodico. cat/ ca/ noticias/ politica/ 20091222/ lindependentisme-avanca-fins-quedar-se-punt-majoria/ 233940. shtml)L'independentisme avança fins a quedar-se a un punt de la majoria (Catalan)

[43] (http:/ / www. elperiodico. cat/ ca/ noticias/ politica/ 20100619/ quasi-meitat-catalunya-trencaria-avui-amb-espanya/ 335765. shtml) Quasi lameitat de Catalunya trencaria avui amb Espanya (Catalan)

[44] (http:/ / societat. e-noticies. cat/ la-independencia-guanya-a-les-enquestes-61097. html) La independència guanya a les enquestes segons elbaròmetre d'El Periódico (Catalan)

[45] (http:/ / www. fundacc. org/ docroot/ fundacc/ includes/ noticies/ fitxers/ entrada11758/ fitxer1326/ 0411-Independencia. pdf) El 34 per centdels catalans votaria sí a la independència, el 30 per cent votaria no, el 23 per cent no sap o no contesta, el 9 per cent s'abstindria i el 3 per centvotaria en blanc (Catalan)

[46] http:/ / www. naciodigital. cat/ noticia/ 12760/ miquel/ calcada/ dignitat/ catalunya/ nom/ nom/ independencia[47] http:/ / www. intereconomia. com/ programa/ gato-al-agua/ tenor-jose-carreras-camara-visca-catalunya-lliure[48] http:/ / www. elsingulardigital. cat/ cat/ notices/ 2010/ 04/ justo_molinero_promoura_la_consulta_sobre_independencia_de_cornella_50097.

php[49] http:/ / www. lamalla. cat/ politica/ article?id=399273[50] http:/ / www. elpais. com/ articulo/ espana/ cupula/ Convergencia/ abraza/ independentismo/ Cataluna/ elpepuesp/ 20071028elpepinac_16/

Tes[51] http:/ / www. elsingulardigital. cat/ cat/ notices/ 2010/ 07/ oriol_pujol_es_declara_independentista_54758. php[52] http:/ / www. youtube. com/ watch?v=6FqmcPhp0j8[53] http:/ / video. google. com/ videoplay?docid=-7040807663819337937#[54] http:/ / cardedeuperlaindependencia. cat/ joan-sola-i-les-consultes[55] http:/ / www. insideworldsoccer. com/ 2009/ 02/ henry-catalunya-is-not-spain. html

Catalan independentism 9

External links• A video based on an article about Catalonia's independence by professor Xavier Sala-i-Martin from Columbia

University. (http:/ / www. youtube. com/ watch?v=GqD-D3ssHhk)• Party Urging More Autonomy From Spain Seems to Win in Catalonia (http:/ / select. nytimes. com/ gst/ abstract.

html?res=FA0611FD385B0C718CDDA80994DE404482) Article on New York Times, November 2, 2006• Courage in Catalonia (http:/ / select. nytimes. com/ gst/ abstract.

html?res=F60D10FD34550C718EDDAF0894DE404482) Article on New York Times, June 22, 2006• Voters in Catalonia Approve A Plan for Greater Autonomy (http:/ / select. nytimes. com/ gst/ abstract.

html?res=F70D11FF35550C7A8DDDAF0894DE404482) Article on New York Times, June 19, 2006• Spain Moves On Law to Give Broad Powers To Catalonia (http:/ / select. nytimes. com/ gst/ abstract.

html?res=F30C13FF39540C728FDDAA0894DE404482) Article on New York Times, March 31, 2006• Independentist sites (http:/ / www. dmoz. org/ World/ Català/ PolÃtica_i_govern/ Independentisme/ / ) at the

Open Directory Project. (Catalan)

• History of Catalan independentism (http:/ / www. xtec. es/ recursos/ socials/ eltemps/ abril_05. pdf). Dossier ofthe Catalan magazine El Temps. (Catalan)

• Estatpropi.Cat, Webpage to count and to show the support to create an own state for the Catalan Countries (http:// www. estatpropi. cat/ )

• Spain's secret conflict (Documentary) (http:/ / vimeo. com/ 24052492)

Article Sources and Contributors 10

Article Sources and ContributorsCatalan independentism  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=473561247  Contributors: Akerbeltz, Alexander Domanda, Alexandrecomas, Alpha claudii, Avizcaino, Behemoth,Belchman, Betacommand, Blondlieut, Brattanie, Chris the speller, Cnoguera, Curb Chain, Dannycas, David Latapie, DerBorg, Diego Moya, Dúnadan, Edsova, Enric, EoGuy, Epbr123, Epfnc,Eumolpo, EvanSeeds, Everyking, Felpeyu, Fobizan, Friviere, Gershake, Gsp, Guiladg, HappyInGeneral, Hibernian, Hmains, Icemanofbarcelona101, IkonicDeath, Independència, JORDISIRVENT NUÑEZ, Jaume87, Jey86, Joan sense nick, Joaquin008, John of Reading, Jordi G, Joseph Solis in Australia, Jotamar, Liberlogos, LilHelpa, Lordet, MacRusgail, Miguel303xm, MiquelGirones, Mountolive, Mysid, Purpleturple, Queenmomcat, Radagast83, Rubenset, SMP, SQGibbon, SimonP, Sonicology, Taraborn, Toniher, Torecilla, Trivial, Tygerpencil, VR-Land, Viatorslovenicus, Wllacer, Womansblues, Wrathchild, Xtv, YuriBCN, Zzuuzz, 82 anonymous edits

Image Sources, Licenses and ContributorsFile:Paisos catalans belfast.jpg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Paisos_catalans_belfast.jpg  License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 2.5  Contributors:Asarlaí, Erri4a, Friviere, Javierme, Joan Puigbarcell, Martorell, Toniher, Wknight94, 5 anonymous editsFile:Manuel Ainaud Sanchez 3.jpg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Manuel_Ainaud_Sanchez_3.jpg  License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0,2.5,2.0,1.0 Contributors: FamilyFile:Puigcercosblanes.jpg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Puigcercosblanes.jpg  License: Creative Commons Attribution 3.0  Contributors: JoanutFile:Estelada roja.svg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Estelada_roja.svg  License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 2.5  Contributors: CHV, Comunaire,Friviere, Huhsunqu, Joan Puigbarcell, Martorell, Mutxamel, Pmmollet, Van der Hoorn, Vilallonga, 6 anonymous editsFile:Estelada blava.svg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Estelada_blava.svg  License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 2.5  Contributors: Comunaire, Conscious,Friviere, Huhsunqu, Joan Puigbarcell, Martorell, Mutxamel, Pmmollet, Van der Hoorn, 4 anonymous edits

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