Cardiovascular Diseases

(Multifactorial Heart Diseases)

Types of Heart Diseases

• There is a disease for almost every aspect of the heart.

We Will Be Looking At The Following:

•Atherosclerosis

•Coronary Heart Disease

•Stroke

Atherosclerosis

disease of the arteries characterized by the deposition of plaques of fatty material on their inner walls.

What is this ?It’s a…

Top-Up- Atherosclerosis can affect any artery in the body, including arteries in the heart, brain, arms, legs, pelvis, and kidneys. As a result, different diseases may develop based on which arteries are affected.

Atherosclerosis

Coronary Heart Disease (CHD)

• Plaque narrows the coronary arteries and reduces blood flow to your heart muscle.

• Plaque buildup also makes it more likely that blood clots will form in your arteries. Blood clots can partially or completely block blood flow.

Coronary Heart Disease (CHD)

• The disease process begins when LDL (“bad” cholesterol) deposits cholesterol in the artery wall.

• A myocardial infarction (heart attack) occurs when the heart muscle tissue does not receive vital oxygen and nutrients.

Angina – Pectoris (CHD)

• Angina is chest pain or discomfort that occurs when your heart doesn't get as much blood and oxygen as it needs. 

• There are two kinds of Angina; one where it is reversible and you can get rid of it, and the other, progressive.

Heart Failure(CHD)• Heart Failure is a chronic, progressive condition in

which the heart muscle is unable to pump enough blood through the heart to meet the body's needs for blood and oxygen.

•  Heart failure usually results in an enlarged heart.

Heart Attack (CHD)• A Heart Attack occurs when the blood flow that brings

oxygen to the heart muscle is severely reduced or stopped. 

• This happens because coronary arteries that supply the heart with blood can slowly become thicker and harder from a buildup of fat, cholesterol and other substances, called plaque.

Stroke• A Stroke results from a weakened vessel that ruptures

and bleeds into the surrounding brain. The blood accumulates and compresses the surrounding brain tissue.