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Prepared for group discussion in a medical college
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CANDIDIASIS – Clinical Manifestations and
lab diagnosis of Oral Candidiasis
CONTENTS TO STUDY
•Clinical manifestations of candida•Lab diagnosis of oral candidiasis
Clinical Manifestations of CandidaC
an
did
iasi
s
Infectious diseases
Mucocutaneous
manifestationsCutaneous
manifestations
Systemic manifestation
s
Allergic diseases
Mucocutaneous Manifestations
Mu
cocu
tan
eou
s m
an
ifest
ati
on
s
Oral candidiasis
Angular cheilitis
Oesophagitis
Vulvovaginitis, Balanitis,
BalanoposthitisChronic
mucocutaneous candidiasis
(CMC)
Ocular candidiasis
Cutaneous Manifestations
Cu
tan
eou
s M
an
ifest
ati
on
sIntertrigo
Paronychia and Onychomycosis
Diaper dermatitis
Candidial granuloma
Systemic Manifestations
Systemic manifestations
Urinary tract candidiasis
Candiduria
Endocarditis
Pulmonary candidiasis
Meningitis
Candidemia and Septicemia
Disseminated candidiasis
Arthritis
Osteomyelitis
Endopthalmitis
Nosocomial candidiasis
Allergic Diseases
All
erg
ic d
isease
s Candidids
Eczema
Asthma
Gastritis
Lab diagnosis of Oral Candidiasis
Samples• Whitish patches from mucous membrane of mouth• Sputum
Method of collection• Sterile swabs
Direct examination (Microscopy)• KOH wet mount • Gram staining ( Presence of yeast cells and
pseudohyphae) • Other stains: PAS and Gomori’s methenamine silver
stain
Lab diagnosis continued…Fungal culture• Sabouraud Dextrose Agar + Antibiotics ( Cream, Pasty, Smooth colonies in 3-4 days of incubation at 37 C)
• Cornmeal Agar (Characteristic terminal chlamydospores, yeast cells and pseudohyphae in clusters at 25 C)
• CHROMagar (light green to bluish green colonies)
Germ tube test (Reynold’s-Braude Phenomenon)• Culture of candida treated with sheep/normal human serum is incubated at 37 C for 2-4 hours
• No constriction seen at the point of attachment to the yeast cell• Appear in 2 hours for C.albicans
Chlamydospore formation• Suspected strain of Candida isolates gron on CMA or rice starch agar and incubated at 25 C
• Formation of large, highly refractile, thick walled, terminal chlamydospores in 2-3 days of incubation
Lab diagnosis continued…
Biochemical tests• Glucose and Maltose fermented with acid and
gas production, sucrose and lactose not fermented.
• Pale pink coloration in Tetrazolium reduction medium
Typing of Candida strains• Tests include serotyping and isoenzyme profiling• RFLP and Southern blotting technique used
Immunodiagnosis• PCR based tests for candida-DNA detection• Detection of Candida albican-derived molecules• ELISA, RIA, CIE, PHA and LPA
Lab diagnosis continued…
Detection of metabolites• Detection of D-mannose and D-arabinitol in sera by
gas liquid chromatography• G-test for detection of glucan
Skin tests• Testing delayed hypersensitivity to candidial
antigens
Animal Pathogenicity• Tests on rabbits and mice for susceptibility to
different candidia species
THANK YOU