Upload
andrea-cavallucci
View
338
Download
3
Tags:
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Business English
By Andrea Cavallucci2015
Part 1
AGENDA
1 Struttura, grafica e fraseologia di una lettera commerciale standard.Structure, graphics and phraseology of a standard business letter.
2Richiesta di quotazione prezzi e di campioni - Richiesta di condizioni di pagamento in qualità di cliente abituale. Request for quotations and for samples - Request for terms of payment as a regular client.
3 Richiesta di offerta generica - Richiesta condizioni di vendita - Richiesta di preventivi.Generic request - Request of terms of trade - Request of quotations.
4 Offerta di merci - Offerta - Quotazione.Offer of goods - Generic offer - Quotation offer.
5 Risposta a offerta - Sollecito ad un offerta e trattativa.Response to an offer - Follow up to an offer - Negotiating.
6 Ordine d’acquisto - Ordine urgente e conferma d’ordine.Purchase order - Urgent order and confirmation of an order.
7 Ordine d’acquisto con modulo prestampato.Purchase order with template form.
8 Esecuzione di un ordine - Ordine eseguito e impossibilità di eseguire l’ordine.Execution of an order - Executed order - Impossibility to execute an order.
9 Ritardata evasione e ritardo nella fornitura.Delayed execution of order and delayed delivery.
10
Conferma di ricevimento merce - Elenco documenti - Fattura inclusa - Reclamo mancata consegna - Merci di cattiva qualità - Sostituzione di merce - Ricevimento di merce non conforme all’ordine - Risposta a reclamo. Receipt of goods - Documents list - Invoice - Complaint about non delivery - Goods of poor quality - Replacing merchandise - Receipt of goods not corresponding to order - Reply to a complaint letter.
11Chiarimenti sui metodi di pagamento - Condizioni di pagamento - Incoterms - Primo sollecito di pagamento di una fattura. Clarifying the method of payment - Methods of payment - Incoterms - First reminder of payment due.
12
Inglese al telefono: come rispondere, forme di saluto, come presentarsi, come chiamare al al telefono, come chiedere precisazioni, come passare una telefonata, come far attendere in linea, come prendere messaggi, come chiedere di qualcuno, come lasciare messaggi.English over the telephone: how to answer, greeting options, how to introduce oneself, how to make phone calls, how to ask for details, how to transfer a phone call, how to put a call on hold, how to take a message, how to request to speak with someone, how to leave messages.
AGENDA
Le lettere commerciali sono, come suggerito dal termine, lettere con finalità commerciali. Queste finalità sono la vendita, l’acquisto e la promozione di relazioni commerciali.Business letters, as the term suggests, are letters used for business purposes. These purposes are to sell, to buy, and to promote business relationships.
1. BUSINESS LETTERSIntroduction Parts Layout Content
Introduction Layout Parts Content
Usare spaziature e margini bilanciati per conferire alla lettera un aspetto aperto e centrato.Use spacing and balanced margins to give the letter an open/centered appearance.
I margini dovrebbero essere larghi 1 o 1.5 pollici (= da 25.4 mm a 38,1 mm)Margins should be between 1 and 1.5”
1”
1.5”
Spaziature e marginiSpacing and margins
1. BUSINESS LETTERS
1.1.
Times New Romanis a serif font
Helveticais a non serif font
Stampato su carta, un carattere serif è più facile da leggere.On paper a serif font is easier to read.
CarattereFont
Grandezza carattere da 10 a 12.Font size should be between 10 and 12.
10 points
12 points
Sans serif vs SerifSans serif is a general description that applies to many font styles, meaning without serif , which is the small decorative embellishment added to a basic letter or number. Leeward Community College states that emails and web pages are easier to read without serifs, so choose sans serif fonts for business letters sent electronically. A few specific sans serif fonts include Arial, Tahoma, Verdana, Geneva, Avant Garde and Helvetica. Serif fonts are acceptable for printed business letters because the decorative additions are easily distinguished on paper. Their slightly ornate appearance makes them an appealing choice. Examples of serif fonts include Times New Roman, Rockwell, Georgia and Didot.
Introduction Layout Parts Content
1. BUSINESS LETTERS
http://work.chron.com
x
A bloccoFull Block Style
A semibloccoSemi-Block Style
A blocco modificatoModified Block Style
Body of the letter
Inside Address
Letter Head
Date………..
Complimentary Close
Tom J. Smith Export Manager
Tom Smith
Identification LineEnclosures Reminder
Letter Head
Date………..
Inside Address
Salutation………..
Subject Line……..
Body of the letter
Complimentary Close
Tom J. Smith Export Manager
Tom Smith
Identification LineEnclosures Reminder
Attention Line….. Attention Line…..
Salutation………..
Subject Line……..
xBody of the letter
Inside Address
Letter Head
Date………..
Identification LineEnclosures Reminder
Attention Line…..
Salutation………..
Subject Line……..
Complimentary Close
Tom J. Smith Export Manager
Tom Smith
Tipi di layoutLayout types
Introduction Layout Parts Content
1. BUSINESS LETTERS
A bloccoFull Block Style
Introduction Layout Parts Content
1. BUSINESS LETTERS
A semibloccoSemi-Block Style
Introduction Layout Parts Content
1. BUSINESS LETTERS
1.1.
A blocco modificatoModified Block Style
Introduction Layout Parts Content
1. BUSINESS LETTERS
IntestazioneHeading
RiferimentiReference
DataDateline
Indirizzo destinatarioInside Address
All’attenzione di…Attention Line
Inizio della letteraSalutation
OggettoSubject Line
Testo della letteraBody of the letter
SalutiComplimentary close
FirmaSignature
IdentificazioneIdentification line
Linea allegatiEnclosures reminder
SigleReference initials
Linea in copiaCC notation
Elementi essenziali Essential parts
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
Elementi facoltativi Optional partsLegend:
Introduction Layout Parts Content
1.1.1. BUSINESS LETTERS
Spesso le aziende dispongono di carta pre-intestata. L’intestazione deve contenere i dati identificativi dell’azienda. Per le lettere con più pagine, l’intestazione deve apparire solo sulla prima pagina.Companies often have their own letterhead paper. If not available, the heading needs to be typed and include the complete company identification information. For those letters with more than one page, the heading is to appear only on page 1.
• Ragione sociale completaFull company name
• Indirizzo completoFull address
• Numero di telefono e di fax (con prefissi interurbani e internazionali Telephone and fax number (with city and international prefix)
IntestazioneHeading
Heading
Introduction Layout Parts Content
1.1.1. BUSINESS LETTERS
Posizione: in inglese britannico, l’indirizzo del mittente è solitamente posto nell’angolo in alto a destra della lettera.Position: In British English, the sender's address is usually placed in the top right corner of the letter.
Company name Building number and street name Locality name (if required) Town Post code, Country
Date
Company name Building number and street name Town, Post Code Country Telephone number
Posizione: in inglese statunitense, l’indirizzo del mittente è solitamente posto nell’angolo in alto a sinistra della lettera, sotto la data. A volte appare sotto la firma.Position: In American English the sender's address is usually placed in the top left corner, below the date, or at the end of the letter, below the signature..
HeadingIntestazioneHeading
Introduction Layout Parts Content
1.1.1. BUSINESS LETTERS
Questa informazione serve al mittente e al destinatario per risalire alla pratica in oggetto e per permettere un’archiviazione razionale della corrispondenza. This information is used by the sender and by the receiver to reference the subject of the letter and to allow a rational filing of the correspondence.
Due varianti: Two variations:
Our ref.: PA/OFF034/15 (cioè “Ns. rif.: PA/OFF034/15”)Nostra offerta # 34 del 2015Our offer #34 of 2015
Your ref.: Inquiry 58/KHYVostra richiesta di informazioni # 58 inviata da Ken Henry YatesYour inquiry #58 sent by Ken Henry Yates
Heading
Reference2
RiferimentiReference
Introduction Layout Parts Content
1.1.1. BUSINESS LETTERS
La data può essere scritta indifferentemente a destra o a sinistra. Il nome della città non va indicato. È meglio scrivere il mese per esteso.The date can be written either on the left or right side of the letter. The city where the letter is written should not be indicated. It is best to write the month in full.
10th March 2015
10 March 2015
10th Mar. 2015
10 Mar. 2015
March 10th 2015
March 10, 2015
Mar. 10th, 2015
Mar. 10, 2015
International standard
DataDate
Heading
Reference2
Date
Introduction Layout Parts Content
1.1.1. BUSINESS LETTERS
L’indirizzo del destinatario consiste nel nome del destinatario, il suo titolo, il nome dell’azienda e l’indirizzo della stessa.The inside address consists of the name of the addressee (recipient), his designation, his company and its business address
Mr. = SignorMiss = SignorinaMrs. = SignoraMs. = Signora o Signorina
Ms. sostituisce quasi sempre Mrs. e Miss
Indirizzo destinatarioInside Address
Heading
Reference2
Date
Inside Address
4
Introduction Layout Parts Content
1.1.1. BUSINESS LETTERS
Non sempre necessaria, questo elemento va usato quando la lettera è indirizza ad una azienda o organizzazione, ma si desidera che essa venga trattata da un individuo specifico. Di solito il carattere è sottolineato o maiuscolo.This is not always required. It should be used when the letter is addressed to a company or organization as a whole, but you want it to be handled by a specific individual. It should be underlined or typed in capitals.
4 varianti4 variations
For the attention of The Vice-President
Attention: Mr. Cooper R.S., Vice-President
Attn.: Mr. Cooper R.S., Vice-President
Att.: Mr. Cooper R.S., Vice-President
All’attenzione diAttention Line
Heading
Reference2
Date
Inside Address
4
Attention Line1
Introduction Layout Parts Content
1.1.1. BUSINESS LETTERS
Salutation Quando usarla When to use
Dear Mr/Mrs/Miss/Ms Più solo il cognomePlus the family name only
Dear Sir/Madam, Quando non si conosce il destinatario When the addressee is unknown
Dear Sir or Madam Se non si conosce il destinatario if the addressee is unknown
Dear Sirs Il destinatario é una società The addressee is a company
Gentlemen Destinatari uomini (USA)Male addressees (USA)
Ladies Destinatarie donne (USA)Female addressees (USA)
Ladies and Gentlemen Se non si conosce il destinatario (USA)if the addressee is unknown (USA)
To whom it may concern La lettera non è scritta a una persona particolareNo specific person to whom the letter is written
Dear Purchasing Manager
Non si conosce il nome ma si sa la posizioneThe position is known, but not the name
Inizio della letteraSalutation
Heading
Reference2
Date
Inside Address
4
Attention Line1
Salutation1
Introduction Layout Parts Content
1.1.1. BUSINESS LETTERS
E’ molto impersonale. Cercare di evitarlo.Quite impersonal, not recommended.
Partners in affari spesso si indirizzano usando il nome proprio. In questo caso, l’apertura della lettera andrà scritta come segue:Business partners often call each other by their first names. In this case, write the salutation as follows:
Dear Margareth,
Inizio della letteraSalutation
Heading
Reference2
Date
Inside Address
4
Attention Line1
Salutation1
PunteggiaturaPunctuation
In inglese britannico non va usata la punteggiatura dopo il nome, o si usa la virgola. In British English, don't use any punctuation mark or use a comma.
In inglese americano usa i due punti: In American English, use the colon:
Dear Mr. Miller:
Dear Mr Miller or Dear Mr Miller,
Introduction Layout Parts Content
1.1.1. BUSINESS LETTERS
Così come la linea “All’attenzione di” spesso questo elemento è omesso, tuttavia è un tocco di cordialità nei confronti del lettore. Informandolo del contenuto della lettera, farai si che egli potrà stabilire se la lettera richiede attenzione immediata.Like the Attention Line, this is often omitted, but its inclusion is a courtesy to your reader. By alerting him to the content of your message, you enable him to decide whether the letter requires immediate attention. It should be underlined or typed in capitals.
L’oggetto può essere allineato al centro o a sinistra.It can be aligned to the center or to the left margin.
OggettoSubject Line
Heading
Reference2
Date
Inside Address
4
Attention Line1
Salutation1
1
Introduction Layout Parts Content
1.1.1. BUSINESS LETTERS
Subject Line
OggettoSubject Line
In inglese britannico, l’Oggetto è solitamente posto tra l’apertura della lettera e il corpo della lettara, con una linea vuota in mezzo.In British English, the subject line is usually placed between the salutation and the body of the letter (with a blank line in between).
In inglese americano, l’Oggetto può essere posto tra l’indirizzo del destinatario e l’apertura della lettera (con una linea vuota in mezzo).In American English, the subject line can also be placed between the recipient's address and the salutation (with a blank line in between).
Subject: Order 200/14
Dear Mr. Wilson:
With reference to the above order…
Dear Mr. Smith
Subject: Order 200/14
With reference to the above order…
Introduction Layout Parts Content
1.1.1. BUSINESS LETTERS
Il testo della lettera commerciale classica è composta da 3 paragrafi:
• Introduzione (motivo della lettera)• Paragrafo centrale• Conclusione
The body of a classic business letter comprises of 3 paragraphs:
• Introduction• Central paragraph (to explain the reasons for
writing in more detail and to provide background information)
• Conclusion (to reiterate your reason for writing again and to suggest what you would like the recipient to do)
Corpo della letteraBody of the letter
Heading
Reference2
Date
Inside Address
4
Attention Line1
Salutation1
Body of the letter
Subject Line1
1
Introduction Layout Parts Content
1.1.1. BUSINESS LETTERS
Heading
Reference2
Date
Inside Address
4
Attention Line1
Salutation1
Body of the letter
Subject Line1
1
SalutiComplimentary Close
FormaliFormal
InformaliInformal
RespectfullyRespectfully yoursYours trulyYours very trulyVery truly yoursVery sincerely yoursVery cordially yours
Best regardsSincerelyCordiallyCordially yoursRegardsSincerely yoursWarm regardsWarmest regardsBest wishes
Use this only when the reader is well known to you
Complimentary 1
Introduction Layout Parts Content
1.1.1. BUSINESS LETTERS
Quattro righe sotto i saluti, scrivere il proprio nome e cognome e, sotto, la posizione ricoperta nell’azienda. Per la firma, da apporre sopra il nome e cognome, usa inchiostro nero o blu.Four lines below the salutation line type the signature line (first name e family name), specifying the position covered (one line below). For the signature, to be written directly above the signature line, use black or blue ink.
FirmaSignature Line
Heading
Reference2
Date
Inside Address
4
Attention Line1
Salutation1
Body of the letter
Subject Line1
1
Complimentary 1
Signature LineTom Smith4
Introduction Layout Parts Content
1.1.1. BUSINESS LETTERS
Almeno due righe sotto la firma, inserire l’identification line, cioè le iniziali, a lettere maiuscole, di chi firma la lettera e, a lettere minuscole, di chi scrive la lettera, separate da due punti.At least two lines under the signature, add the identification line, that is the initials, in caps, of who signs the letter and, in lower case, of who writes the letter, separated by the colon.
Identificazione Identification Line
TS:acEsempio:Example:
Heading
Reference2
Date
Inside Address
4
Attention Line1
Salutation1
Body of the letter
Subject Line1
1
Complimentary 1
Signature Line
4
Identification Line1
Introduction Layout Parts Content
1.1.1. BUSINESS LETTERS
Tom Smith
Se nella lettera si fa riferimento a documenti allegati, è necessario segnalarli due righe sotto la identification line, a sinistra, come segue:If in the letter there is reference to documents enclosed, it is necessary to place a reminder underneath the identification line, on the left, as follows:
AllegatiEnclosures Reminder
Encl.: Technical specification v.2
Se la lettera sarà seguita da una busta contenente altra documentazione, si potrà scrivere:If the letter will be followed by a separate mailed document, you could write:
Under separate cover: Catalog 2015
Heading
Reference2
Date
Inside Address
4
Attention Line1
Salutation1
Body of the letter
Subject Line1
1
Complimentary 1
Signature LineTom Smith4
Identification Line1
Enclosures 1
Introduction Layout Parts Content
1.1.1. BUSINESS LETTERS
Questa è una cortesia nei confronti del lettore, al quale diciamo chi ha ricevuto una copia della lettera.This is a courtesy towards the reader, to whom we say who has received a copy of the letter.
In copiaCC Notation
Heading
Reference2
Date
Inside Address
4
Attention Line1
Salutation1
Body of the letter
Subject Line1
1
Complimentary 1
Signature Line
4
Identification Line1
Enclosures 1
CC Notation1
Introduction Layout Parts Content
1.1.1. BUSINESS LETTERS
Tom Smith
Caratteristiche di un’efficace lettera commerciale Characteristics of an effective business letter
Introduction Parts Layout Content
1. Breve ma Completa Concise but CompleteIl lettore dev’essere in grado di capire rapidamente il messaggio trasmessogli. Tuttavia la lettera deve contenere tutte le informazioni rilevanti, poiché una lettera incompleta non raggiunge i suoi obiettivi.In short the receiver must know what the sender wants to transmit. However the letter must be complete with all relevant information as an incomplete letter does not fulfil its objectives.
3. Semplice e Colloquiale Simple & ConversationalLe parole dovrebbero essere semplici e facili da capire. Inoltre un lettera commerciale efficace dovrebbe dare l’impressione di una comunicazione faccia a faccia, come in una conversazione.The wording should be simple and easy to understand. An effective letter is one that gives an impression of face to face communication, like in a conversation.
4. Chiara ClearLe lettere commerciali devono essere scritte in modo and convogliare il messaggio ed obiettivo chiaramente, facilmente comprensibile, e senza ambiguità.Business letters should be written in such a way that it reflects the goal clearly and easily, without any ambiguity.
1.1.1. BUSINESS LETTERS
2. Ricorda l’ordine ideale delle paroleRemember the ideal word order
Mr. Brown will travel by plane to London on Monday, June 5th. A technician will install the equipment in your office on Tuesday.
Subject Verb Object Manner
Place TimeWho Does What How Where When
Caratteristiche di un’efficace lettera commerciale Characteristics of an effective business letter
Introduction Parts Layout Content
6. L’approccio “You” The “You” ApproachLe lettere commerciali andrebbero scritte tenendo presente il punto di vista del lettore. Dovrebbero convogliare l’interesse del mittente confronti del lettore, creando così lo “You” approach. La parola “You” andrebbe quindi preferita al “They” o “We”.Business letters should be written keeping in mind the reader’s point of view. It should be able to convey the sender’s interest in the reader. For this the ‘You’ attitude should be adopted. The T’s and ‘We’s’ should be avoided and more of ‘You’s’ should be included.
8. Presentazione e immagine Presentation and ImageLa presentazione delle letter commerciali dev’essere curata ed attraente. Una buona carta da lettera andrebbe usata. Le lettere commerciali trasmettono l’immagine aziendale e quindi vanno redatte tenendo in mente gli obiettivi e l’immagine della stessa. The appearance of business letters should be attractive and good paper should be used. Business letters reflect the image of the organisation. All business letters should therefore be drafted keeping in mind the objective of enhancing the organisations goodwill, image and public relations.
1.1.1. BUSINESS LETTERS
5. Positiva PositiveLe parole delle lettere commerciali vanno scelte con cura. In ogni caso esse devono trasmettere un’immagine positiva. L’utilizzo di parole dal senso o connotato negativo va evitato.Words in business letters should be chosen with care. They should always reflect a positive outlook. The use of negative words should be avoided.
7. Evitare parole vecchio stile Avoid old style wordsSebbene usate in contratti e documenti legali, nelle lettere è consigliato evitare parole vecchio stile, quali 'herewith', 'herein', 'aforementioned', ecc. Although they are used in legal documents and contracts, words like 'herewith', 'herein', 'aforementioned', etc. are rarely used in letters. The following style of sentence is preferable : "You will find more information on our products in the enclosed brochure."
Scegliere la giusta quantità di informazioniChoosing the right amount of information
Introduction Parts Layout Content
Source: “English for Business Writing” Nick Brieger
I’m sorry I wrote you such a long letter; I didn’t have time to write a short one.
Blaise Pascal (teologo e matematico francese)
1.1.1. BUSINESS LETTERS
Evitare espressioni ridondantiAvoiding redundant expressions
Introduction Parts Layout Content
Alcuni esempi:A few examples: • advance planning
• advance reservations
• all meet together
• basic fundaments
• cheap price
• close proximity
• difficult challenge
• each and every
• end result
• estimated roughly by
• general public
• past experience
• reason is because
• regular routine
• unexpected surprise
1.1.1. BUSINESS LETTERS
Source: “English for Business Writing” Nick Brieger
Instead of…
Espressioni da usareExpressions to use
Introduction Parts Layout Content
Use…
advise, informalong these lines, on the order ofas perat an early date, at your earliest convenienceat this time, at the present time, at this writingcheck to coverdeemdue to the fact that, because of the fact thatfavor, communicationfor the purpose offorwardfree of chargein accordance with
say, tell, let us knowlike, similar toas, according tosoon, today, next week, a specific datenow, at presentcheck forbelieve, considerbecauseletter, memoforsendfreeaccording to
1/3
1.1.1. BUSINESS LETTERS
Source: “How to Write Business Letters”Andrea B. Geffner
Instead of…
Espressioni da usareExpressions to use
Introduction Parts Layout Content
Use…
in advance of, prior toin compliance within re, rein the amount ofin the event thatkindlyof recent datepartysaidsamesubsequent tothe writer, the undersignedup to this writing
beforeas you requestedregarding, concerningforif, in casepleaserecentperson, a specific namenot to be used as an adjectivenot to be used as a nounafter, sinceI/meuntil now
1.1.1. BUSINESS LETTERS
2/3
Source: “How to Write Business Letters”Andrea B. Geffner
Instead of…
Espressioni da usareExpressions to use
Introduction Parts Layout Content
Use…
gotneedtalk aboutget in touchmake suregive travel planslet them knowtell whytalk more aboutfix the problem
receivedrequirediscusscontactensureprovide itineraryinformexplainexpand onresolve
1.1.1. BUSINESS LETTERS
3/3
Nelle lettere commerciali andrebbero evitate le abbreviazioni: I'd, I'll, won't, don't, can't, haven't, ecc.Abbreviations should be avoided in business letters: I’d, I’ll, won’t, can’t, haven’t, etc.
Informare, annunciare
Modi di dire utiliUseful expressions
Introduction Parts Layout Content
1.1.1. BUSINESS LETTERS
1/3
• We are pleased to inform you that……• You will be interested to know that……
Inform, announce• Siamo lieti di informarla/vi che…..• Le/Vi interesserà sapere che……
Confermare
• This is to confirm……• We have received……• We acknowledge receipt of……
To confirm• La presente per confermare che...• Abbiamo ricevuto…• Confermiamo di aver ricevuto...
Riferirsi a un precedente contatto
• As per / Following our telephone conversation…• As mentioned in my letter of ……• With reference to your letter of ….
Refer to previous correspondence• Facendo seguito alla nostra conversazione telefonica…• Come citato nella mia lettera del….• In riferimento alla Sua lettera del….
Fare riferimento agli allegati
Modi di dire utiliUseful expressions
Introduction Parts Layout Content
1.1.1. BUSINESS LETTERS
2/3
• Please find enclosed / We enclose…• We are sending… under separate cover…
Refer to enclosures• In allegato…..• Inviamo in busta separata……
Rifiutare, respingere un’offerta
• We regret to have to inform you that….• Much to my regret……• We are not in a position to accept……
Decline, reject• Siamo spiacenti di informarLa/Vi che…• Con mio grande rammarico…• Non siamo in grado di accettare...
Formulare una richiesta
• Could you please…?• I should/would be grateful if you……• Le/Vi sarebbe possibile….?
Make a request• Potrebbe gentilmente…?• Le/Vi sarei grato se….• Would it be possible for you to….
Sollecitare una risposta on una conferma
Modi di dire utiliUseful expressions
Introduction Parts Layout Content
1.1.1. BUSINESS LETTERS
3/3
• Please let us know as soon as possible….Solicit a response or a confirmation• La/Vi preghiamo di rispondere nel più
breve tempo possibile.
Formule di chiusura di una lettera
• Thanking you once again for your help….• Thanking you in advance….• We look forward to hearing from you
soon……• Please do not hesitate to contact us if
you require any further information ...
Formulas to close a letter• La/Vi ringraziamo ancora per l’aiuto.• Ringraziamo anticipatamente…• Restiamo in attesa di un suo/vostro gentile
cenno di riscontro.• Non esiti / esitate a contattarci per ulteriori
domande o informazioni.
• Please send your reply to….• Please contact….• Would you please confirm…?
• Si prega di rispondere al seguente indirizzo:• La/Vi preghiamo di contattare…• La/Vi preghiamo di inviarci conferma…
Scegliere il giusto livello di tecnicitàChoosing the right level of technicality
Introduction Parts Layout Content
When something can be read without effort, great effort has gone into its writing.
Enrique Jardiel Poncela (commediografo e romanziere spagnolo)
1.1.1. BUSINESS LETTERS
Source: “English for Business Writing” Nick Brieger
L’effetto siloThe silo effect
Introduction Parts Layout Content
Scegliere il giusto livello di tecnicitàChoosing the right level of technicality
Questa è un’espressione spesso utilizzata per descrivere l’esito negativo della comunicazione negli ambienti business.This is an expression used to describe the negative effect of communication in business environments.
WAHMSRP
Working at home Manufacturer’s
Suggested Retail Price
1.1.1. BUSINESS LETTERS
Source: “English for Business Writing” Nick Brieger
Oltre alla correttezza grammaticale, raggiungere un buon stile “business” è forse la sfida più ardua per coloro che scrivono lettere commerciali. Un chiara indicazione di uno scrittore inesperto è lo sforzo di scrivere eccessivamente “business”.Second to grammatical correctness, achieving an appropriate business style may be the biggest problem for the writer of business letters. A sure sign of an inexperienced writer, in fact, is the obvious attempt to sound too “businesslike” .
TonoTone
Introduction Parts Layout Content
Il primo passo quindi per scrivere lettere commerciali di successo è di rilassarsi. Tutte le lettere commerciali devono avere un suono naturale. Entro i limiti dell’inglese standard, naturalmente, dovresti provare a scrivere le cose in un modo normale (non forzato).The first step, then, to writing successful business correspondence is to relax. All business letters should sound natural. Within the limits of standard English, of course, you should try to say things in a “regular”way.
As per your request, please find enclosed herewith a check in the amount of $16.49.
As you requested, I am enclosing a check for $16.49.
1.1.1. BUSINESS LETTERS
Source: “How to Write Business Letters”Andrea B. Geffner
• according to our records• acknowledge receipt of• as to, with reference to, with regards to,
with respect to• at hand, on hand• attached please find, attached hereto,
enclosed herewith, enclosed please find
• beg to inform, bet to tell• duly• for your information• hereby, heretofore, herewith• I have your letter
Espressioni da evitareExpressions to avoid
Introduction Parts Layout Content
• I wish to thank, may I ask• in due time, in due course of time• in receipt of• in the near future• in view of• our Mrs. Campbell• permit me to say• pursuant to• thank you again• thank you in advance• thereon
1.1.1. BUSINESS LETTERS
Source: “How to Write Business Letters”Andrea B. Geffner
Schema per il corpo della letteraScheme for the body of the letter
Introduction Parts Layout Content
1.1.1. BUSINESS LETTERS
Source: “English for Business Writing” Nick Brieger
1 Saluto
2 Presentazione /
Riferimenti / Scopo3
Contenuti principali
6 Firma
5 Chiusura
4 Pre-Chiusura / Passi
Successivi
There are no rules in writing. There are useful principles. Will Shetterly (romanziere americano)
Greeting Presentation, References, Goal Main content
Pre-Closing, Follow UpsClosingSignature
1.1.REFERENCES
http://www.businesswritingblog.com
http://www.ego4u.com
http://www.businessenglishsite.com (with tests)
http://www.learn-english-today.com
Siti webWebsites
http://www.engvid.com
http://www.talkenglish.com
(with tests)
1.1.REFERENCES
LibriBooks