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This presentation will give you an overview of the Bulgarian end-blown flute, called Kaval. It is given by Nikolay Doktorov, a renowned Kaval performer and teacher.
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NIKOLAY DOKTOROV BULGARIAN KAVAL MENDOZA,ARGENTINA 2009
Bulgarian Kaval
FIRST WORLD FLUTES FESTIVALMENDOZA, ARGENTINA 2009
Presented by Nikolay DoktorovKaval player, conductor and teacherKaval player, conductor and teacher
NIKOLAY DOKTOROV BULGARIAN KAVAL MENDOZA,ARGENTINA 2009
The Kaval
• Traditional musical instrument in Bulgaria• One of the oldest national folklore instruments• Made of wood and bone
NIKOLAY DOKTOROV BULGARIAN KAVAL MENDOZA,ARGENTINA 2009
NIKOLAY DOKTOROV BULGARIAN KAVAL MENDOZA,ARGENTINA 2009
The Republic of Bulgaria
EUROPEBulgaria
• European country• On the Balkans • South-eastern Europe • On the Black sea
NIKOLAY DOKTOROV BULGARIAN KAVAL MENDOZA,ARGENTINA 2009
• Area
≈ 111,000 km2
• Population
≈ 7.5 million
• Capital
Sofia
The Republic of Bulgaria
NIKOLAY DOKTOROV BULGARIAN KAVAL MENDOZA,ARGENTINA 2009
History of Kaval
KAVAL(Turkey)
KAVAL(Macedonia)
DZAMARA(Greece)
CAVAL(Romania)
KAVALL(Albania)
BLUR(Armenia)
NEY(Arab countries)
• Exact origins – unknown (scarce data)• Predecessors – probably Egyptian, Syrian, later Greek wind instruments• Etymology - Long wooden shepherd’s wistle (from Turkish). Also called dzamara, blur and ney
• Development – melodies passed on through generations by ear at folklore competitions, gatherings, festivals in Bulgaria and around the world
NIKOLAY DOKTOROV BULGARIAN KAVAL MENDOZA,ARGENTINA 2009
Structure of Kaval
• Wooden cylindrical tube• Two open ends• Consists of three parts
Upper “first” part without holes
Middle “second” part with 8 holes
Third part with 4 holes. Also known as “dushnitzi” or “devil holes”. Not used by the performer
Thumb hole
NIKOLAY DOKTOROV BULGARIAN KAVAL MENDOZA,ARGENTINA 2009
Producing sound
• Held with both hands, at an angle of approx. 45o
• Circular open end goes under lower lip and above upper lip on the right side of the mouth (lips are pursed in the form of a circle)• Air flows directly from the throat into the kaval at an angle• Air hits the inside walls of the kaval and thus sound is produced• Change of air pressure produces change of pitch
NIKOLAY DOKTOROV BULGARIAN KAVAL MENDOZA,ARGENTINA 2009
Finger Positioning
NIKOLAY DOKTOROV BULGARIAN KAVAL MENDOZA,ARGENTINA 2009
Registers and Timbre
• Registers – kaval has 3 registers which determine its range, 2 octaves and 6 tones:
Low register Middle register High registerSmall octave (+ first octave played simultaneously) II (second) octave 6 tones
• Timbre– kaval has many different timbers; some examples are:
kaba pp clarinet
incomplete low register:from D (I octave) to B (I
octave)
between kaba and timber of the middle
register;very mild, light tone
low register
flute
middle register
NIKOLAY DOKTOROV BULGARIAN KAVAL MENDOZA,ARGENTINA 2009
Technical Characteristics
•D-kaval – the most widely spread kaval in Bulgaria (length = 64cm)• Playing technique – depending on the difficulty of the musical composition might include
• vibrato, staccato, triller, mordent, forschlag, ligatures, glissando• hlopki, different dynamics
• for longer and more complex phrases:
• tongue technique• circular breathing
• the high number of registers allows jumps in upward and downward direction
NIKOLAY DOKTOROV BULGARIAN KAVAL MENDOZA,ARGENTINA 2009
Kaval Types and Their Characteristics
Different size and usage:
ABHC#
CD
E
• have beautiful mat tone•used for solo playing or accompaniment of singers• old kaval masters used to play with these kavals
• most widely spread kavals today
• used mainly for education of younger children
NIKOLAY DOKTOROV BULGARIAN KAVAL MENDOZA,ARGENTINA 2009
Bulgarian Kaval Performers and Teachers
• Nikola Ganchev • Dragan Karapchanski• Matiu Dobrev• Penko Georgiev
• Teodosii Spasov
• Dancho Radulov
• Nedyalko Nedyalkov
• Stoyan Chobanov• Aleksandar Donev
• Tzvyatko Blagoev• Gospodin Stanev
• Ivan Bogoev
• Stoyan Velichkov
• Kostadin Genchev
• Krastyu Dimov
• Stoyan Aleksandrov
• Nikolay Georgiev
• Dosiu Milkov
NIKOLAY DOKTOROV BULGARIAN KAVAL MENDOZA,ARGENTINA 2009
Anil PayakovyaAnil Payakovya
NN
• Georgi Ivanov • Stanil Payakov
• Ivan Antonov
• prof. Milcho Vasilev
• Neicho Georgiev
• prof. d-r Lyuben Dossev
• Dimo Jelev
• Georgi Georgiev
• Shtiliyan Tihov
• Dimitar Dimitrov• Georgi Penev
• Hristo Stefanov
• Mehmed Saliev
• Tzvyatko Denkov
• Venelin Mutafchiev
• Rumen Mutafchiev
• Stoyan Stoilov
Bulgarian Kaval Performers and Teachers
NIKOLAY DOKTOROV BULGARIAN KAVAL MENDOZA,ARGENTINA 2009
ff
Makers of Bulgarian folk instruments
• Today, very few people make Bulgarian folk instruments consistent with the requirements for quality and sound correctness
• one of the best materials for kaval is cornel wood; kavals can also be made of plum, boxwood, and other types of wood
Zhecho Marinov
Dimitar Genchev
Slavi Ivanov
Petar Borisov
Tzvyatko Damyanov
Ivan Parushev
Veselin Hasabaliev
Encho Pashov Apostol Apostolov
NIKOLAY DOKTOROV BULGARIAN KAVAL MENDOZA,ARGENTINA 2009
Place of the Kaval in the Folklore Life of Bulgaria
NIKOLAY DOKTOROV BULGARIAN KAVAL MENDOZA,ARGENTINA 2009
The Folk Music
Music – one of the universal international languages.
Folk music – the most precious national treasure for every nation.
Let’s love, preserve and develop our national folk music.