WaterWaterpriceless priceless treasuretreasure

BIOLOGICAL BIOLOGICAL PORTFOLIOPORTFOLIO

Structure of the water Structure of the water molecule.molecule.

• Water molecule:Water molecule:• Two hydrogen and one oxygen atomTwo hydrogen and one oxygen atom

Properties of waterProperties of water

• Dipole character Dipole character of water of water molecules and the molecules and the hydrogen bonds hydrogen bonds that form between that form between them, determine them, determine the biological the biological importance of importance of water for living water for living organisms.organisms.

Leva RiverLeva River• Leva is a river in

northwestern of Bulgaria. Springs from Vratsa Mountain and continue to the bottom of the mountain. The river passes through the city Vratsa and flows into the Ogosta river.

Iskar River is Iskar River is located in western located in western Bulgaria. It springs Bulgaria. It springs

from the Rila from the Rila Mountains and is Mountains and is

the longest river in the longest river in the country - 368 the country - 368

kilometers.kilometers.

Catchment area of Catchment area of riverriver IskarIskar

It rises in the It rises in the Shvartsvald in Shvartsvald in

Germany and flows Germany and flows into the Black Sea. into the Black Sea. We are bound by We are bound by many countries in many countries in

Europe.Europe.  It shall carry out   It shall carry out the links on ourthe links on ourcountry with the country with the

countries of Western countries of Western and Central Europe.and Central Europe.

Danube regionDanube region Black Sea Black Sea RegionRegion

The river sore the main of The river sore the main of the water resources in the water resources in Bulgaria . Relatively small Bulgaria . Relatively small area the country's proximity area the country's proximity to the Black Sea and the to the Black Sea and the Aegean, and the complex of Aegean, and the complex of geological and geological and geomorphologic features geomorphologic features are the reason our country are the reason our country rivers are short and with rivers are short and with small average runoffsmall average runoff..

Osam river is 314 km Osam river is 314 km long and its catchment long and its catchment area is 2,820 km ². It area is 2,820 km ². It

springs from the foot of springs from the foot of Levski peak a part of the Levski peak a part of the Balkan Mountains at an Balkan Mountains at an

altitude of 1,821 altitude of 1,821 m ,length of the river is m ,length of the river is

314 km to 2824 km 314 km to 2824 km catchment area.catchment area.

Osam formed by the Osam formed by the merger of the Black merger of the Black

Osam River, Osam River, conditionally accepted conditionally accepted for its home, and White for its home, and White Osam. It flows into the Osam. It flows into the

Danube near the town of Danube near the town of Nikopol.Nikopol.

Wit was formed by Wit was formed by the merger of the merger of

White and Black White and Black Wit. Wit river Wit. Wit river

springs from the springs from the foot of foot of peak Vejen peak Vejen

(Balkan (Balkan Mountains) at an Mountains) at an

altitude 2030 m .It altitude 2030 m .It is 189 km long.is 189 km long.

Yantra is a river in Yantra is a river in northern Bulgaria. northern Bulgaria. It springs from the It springs from the Balkan Mountains Balkan Mountains and flows into the and flows into the

Danube. Its 285 km Danube. Its 285 km long and is the long and is the third largest third largest among the among the

Bulgarian Danube Bulgarian Danube tributaries.tributaries.

Ropotamo springs Ropotamo springs from the northeastern from the northeastern

foot of the Strandja foot of the Strandja Mountain.It passes Mountain.It passes

through the northeast through the northeast Bulgaria after leaving Bulgaria after leaving

Strandja and continues Strandja and continues its way through the its way through the

narrow gorge between narrow gorge between the Copper Ridge and the Copper Ridge and Uzundzhata hill and Uzundzhata hill and

goes into wide marshy goes into wide marshy valley to its mouth in valley to its mouth in

the Black Sea. The the Black Sea. The length of the river is length of the river is

48.5 km.48.5 km.

River in northeastern River in northeastern Bulgaria, part of the Black Bulgaria, part of the Black

Sea drainage area. Sea drainage area. Formed by the merger of Formed by the merger of two tributaries: Kamchia two tributaries: Kamchia and great Kamchia who and great Kamchia who

originate from the eastern originate from the eastern part of the Balkan part of the Balkan

Mountains. Mountains.

Maritsa River is the Maritsa River is the largest river on the largest river on the Balkan Peninsula. Balkan Peninsula.

Maritza is the most Maritza is the most water river in water river in

Bulgaria. Tributaries Bulgaria. Tributaries of the Maritsa river of the Maritsa river are also Tunja and are also Tunja and Arda, but because Arda, but because they cover huge they cover huge areas and run as areas and run as

independent independent boundary rivers flow boundary rivers flow

into the Maritsa into the Maritsa Turkish territory, Turkish territory,

they are treated as they are treated as separate basins.separate basins.

The largest tributary of The largest tributary of the Maritsa Rive is the Maritsa Rive is

Tundzha river. Due to Tundzha river. Due to the largethe large

area of the catchment area of the catchment area (7884 km2), and area (7884 km2), and

because the border runs because the border runs as a separate river, as a separate river,

Tundzha is considered Tundzha is considered as a separate basin. It as a separate basin. It

springs from the central springs from the central part of the mountain part of the mountain

east of  Botev peak. Its east of  Botev peak. Its length is 350 kilometers length is 350 kilometers

to the border.to the border.

Arda river is situated  in Arda river is situated  in southern Bulgaria and southern Bulgaria and northeastern Greece northeastern Greece

(named Ardas).(named Ardas).It is about 300 km long It is about 300 km long (241 km on Bulgarian (241 km on Bulgarian

territory). Arda springs territory). Arda springs from Ardin peak in the from Ardin peak in the

RhodopesRhodopesand flows into the and flows into the

Maritza river on Greek Maritza river on Greek territory near Edirne.territory near Edirne.Arda River dams are Arda River dams are

Kardjali, Studen well and Kardjali, Studen well and Ivaylovgrad.Ivaylovgrad.

Struma is a river Struma is a river situated in situated in

southwestern southwestern Bulgaria. It springs Bulgaria. It springs from Vitosha. The from Vitosha. The

length of the river on length of the river on Bulgarian territory is Bulgarian territory is

290 km.290 km.

Runs through southwestern Runs through southwestern BulgariaBulgaria

and in Greece. Formed by the and in Greece. Formed by the confluence of the rivers Black confluence of the rivers Black and White Mesta that spring and White Mesta that spring

from Rila mountain. For from Rila mountain. For beginning of the river is beginning of the river is

accepted to be the group of accepted to be the group of Eastern Rila Lakes. The Eastern Rila Lakes. The

altitude of the Bulgarian part altitude of the Bulgarian part of the river is 1,318 m and of the river is 1,318 m and

with that Mesta is the with that Mesta is the highest valley in Bulgaria. highest valley in Bulgaria.

The length of the river to the The length of the river to the border is 126 km. There are border is 126 km. There are

about 25 tributaries.about 25 tributaries.

ВОДОСБОРЕН БАСЕЙН НА РЕКА МЕСТА

Sunset over YantraSunset over Yantra

Varbitsa Varbitsa RiverRiver

Prepared by the Prepared by the students of IX gradestudents of IX grade

,,,,NiNikkola Voyvodovola Voyvodov” ” Secondary school ,Secondary school ,VratsaVratsa,,

Bulgaria Bulgaria