GERUND

Course : B.Tech Sem : IV

Subject : Advance Grammar

Unit : 1.1

Gerund means participle.

Two Types of Gerund :

(A) Present Participle : By applying “ing” to verb.

Any action word (verb) which adds value to the subject or noun, adding “ing” to that verb makes Present Participle. It is also known as “Participle of Phrase”.

(B) Past Participle: By applying “ed” to Regular Verb.

“ed” should not be applied to Irregular Verbs because it has different Past Participle.

As a Noun : When Present Participle is used

as Noun it generally comes as Subject

followed by main verb or helping verb and then

follows the Object which may be a Noun.

Ex. Swimming is the best exercise.

Here, “Swimming” is subject & Present

Participle followed by “is” helping verb and

“exercise” is an object which is also a Present

Participle.

As an Adjective : When a Present Participle is

used as an Adjective, it generally comes either

before or after the Noun. It adds the meaning

to the Noun.

Present Participle comes after Preposition.

Ex. A barking dog is behind me.

Here “Barking” is Present Participle which is

before “dog” (Noun). “Barking” word adds

meaning to the subject “dog”.

As an Adjective : Past Participles are generally

used as adjectives which adds value to the

meaning of noun & comes either before or

after the noun.

Past Participle comes either before or after the

Noun.

Ex. I have a broken bicycle.

“Broken” word adds value to the bicycle.

She had removed her hat due to scorching

heat.

Here, removed is past participle.

A ready reckoner in English Grammar & Composition (Std.X) by Dineshbhai J. Shah, Dr. Janakbhai B. Shah and Bharatiben R. Shah

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