PROJECT REPORTon

OnBSNL

INTRODUCTIONSTARTED in October 2000, with the vision of

becoming the largest telecom service provider in Asia, Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited is the world’s seventh largest telecommunications company. It provides a comprehensive range of services in India, which include wireline connections, CDMA (code division multiple access) mobile, GSM (global system for mobile communications) lines, Internet, broadband, MPLS-VPN (multi protocol label switching-virtual private network), VSAT (very small aperture terminal) and VoIP (voice over Internet protocol). Within this short span of time, it has also become one of the largest public sector companies in India.

EXCHANGEEquipment which effects interconnected of telephones is known as switching equipment.

The switching centre, which houses the terminating and switching equipment is called telephone exchange.

About the exchange:-1. All telephone subscribers are served

by automatic exchanges.2. Today’s automatic exchanges uses a

pair of computers. One, running the program that provides

services. Second, monitoring the operation of the

first, ready to take over in a few seconds in the event of equipment failure.

Various exchanges present in BSNL are:

> C-DOT> OCB> EWSD

C-DOT:-1. Work on telecom technology products and services.2.  Provide solutions for current and future requirements

of telecommunication and converged networks including those required for rural application.

3. Provide market orientation to R & D activities and sustain C-DOT as center of excellence.

OCB:-4. It is a digital switching system.5. The system supports all the existing signaling system6. The system has ‘auto recovery’ feature. When a

serious fault occur in control unit, it gives a message to SMM (operation & maintenance unit).

EWSD:- The EWSD Digital Switching Systems offer a wide range of telephony features and supplementary services. Further capabilities can be developed to meet specific customer needs.

EXCHANGE LAYOUT

Switch Room Operations and Maintenance (OMC) Room

Input Output processor (IOP) Room

Power Plant Room Battery Room Main Distribution Frame (MDF) Room

There are three main components of exchange: MDF

Power plant Switching Room

Main Distribution Frame (M.D.F)

MAIN DISTRIBUTION FRAME(MDF):-

Local cable contact at MDF . All types of cables out to the door contact connection at MDF .The primary function of MDF is to remove fault. It is also known as Fault Remove Section. The telephone numbers are also disconnected in the MDF because of some specific reason.

ORGANIZATION OF MDF:-• Vertical side• Horizontal side

Vertical side:-Rack:- On the rack, the tags are situated. One rack is having eight tags. The counting is done from up (0) to down (7).

Tags:- Each rack consists of eight tags1 tag = 4 core1 core = 4 bunch1 bunch = 2 line

N.E:-The word NE stands for the ‘NUMBER OF EQUIPMENT’. It is used for testing number

Wedge:- Wedge is used as a device for checking the ring. Wedge is placed in jack strips, which is connected to telephone for checking.

Horizontal side:-The horizontal side connected to the underground cable. This cable is having 100 pairs. These pair is distributed when we allot the telephone number to the subscriber.Horizontal side is again subdivided in two parts:

>One part is connected with the vertical side.> Another with the subscriber line by using 100 pair underground cable.

POWER PLANTAs we know that, the power is the main source or any organization. It is the case of E-10B exchange. That is the first requirement of any organization is the input.The main source of this exchange is AC supply.The main part of power room are:-

1. Batteries

2. UPS (Uninterrupted Power Supply)

3. Charging - Discharging Unit

4. Inverter and Converter Unit:

Switch Room:-Switch room consists of BM and CM cabinets mounted in standard switch.

These cabinets are fastened to a switch Room and interconnected by cables

Incoming calls•Gateway MSC contact:-The first job of the Gateway MSC is to determine the current location of the mobile phone in order to connect the call. It does this by consulting the Home Location Register (HLR)

•Routing the call:- When the HLR receives this query message, it determines whether the call should be routed to another number (called a divert), or if it is to be routed directly to the mobile.

•Locating and ringing call:-When the call arrives at the Visiting MSC, the MSRN is used to determine which of the phones in this area is being called, that is the MSRN maps back to the SIM of the original phone number dialled. The MSC pages all the mobile phone masts in the area in order to inform the phone that there is an incoming call for it.

Encoding of speech during call:- During a GSM call, speech is converted from analogue sound waves to digital data by the phone itself, and transmitted through the mobile phone network by digital means.

OUTGOING CALLSOnce a mobile phone has successfully attached to a

GSM network as described above, calls may be made from the phone to any other phone on the global PSTN.

The user dials telephone no, presses the send or talk key, and the mobile phone sends a call setup request message to the mobile phone network via the nearest mobile phone base transceiver station (BTS).

The call setup request message is handled next by the mobile switching center, which checks the subscriber's record held in the visitor location register to see if the outgoing call is allowed. If so, the MSC then routes the call in the same way that a telephone exchange does in a fixed network

BROADBAND SERVICEBSNL offers Internet service with a speed range of 2 Mbps to 8 Mbps across 3,200 towns and cities. Out of the 612 district headquarters in the country, 585 have broadband connectivity.

What is broadband? An ‘always-on’ data connection that is able

to support interactive services including Internet access and has the capability of the minimum download speed of 256 kbps to an individual subscriber from the Point Of Presence (POP) of the service provider.

Broadband Services Network Architecture

TELEPHONE

Customer BSNL Telephone BSNL Broadband Premises Exchange N/W & ISP

PHONE PC STB

ADSLCPE

ADSLACCESS

MUX

ADSLLINECAR

D

DSLAM

Broadband/IP

network

ISP

NSP

PSTN

Broadband by DSL AnywhereThe technologies that enable the delivery today of

–High bandwidth low latency data, –Voice and –Video services

All via DSL, to any customer served by a copper loop

ADSL (Asymmetric DSL)Transmit asymmetric data stream: -more going downstream to the

subscriber -less coming upstream backDiscrete Multi-Tone (DMT) was selected

as the official line coding standard.Suitable for Internet access , VoD and

Interactive Services which are actually asymmetric in nature.

Broadband Services ApplicationsHigh Speed Internet Access Always-

On(Talk & Surf Simultaneously on same Telephone Line )

LAN Access (Teleworking): Virtual Private Network (VPN) for Corporate Customers

Broadcast TV/Video On DemandVideo Conferencing, Gaming & Home

Shopping-Interactive ServicesDistance Learning & Tele Medicine

THANK YOU