BRUTALISMAND

METABOLISMPRESENTED BY-

1. ANKITA AGRAWAL

INTRODUCTION

Created by LE CORBUSIER and fellow architects MIES VAN-DE-ROHE and F. L. WRIGHT

Named by PETER and ALLISON SMITHSON in 1954

Flourished from 1950’s to mid 1970’s

Typically large buildings, massive in character, fortresslike, with a predominance of exposed concrete construction.

Critics find it unappealing due to its old appearance

An undeniably honest approach to architecture that demanded form follow function and avoided unnecessary flourishes.

The Brutalist approach was all about showing off the materials from which the building was made (inevitably concrete), about sharp angles, rough surfacing and exposed services.

CHARACTERISTICS

Strong bold shapes composed.

Reinforced concrete structures expressed.

Largeness of scale, strong, muscular character.

Brick work and stone .

Large area of blank wall Off form concrete construction.

Diagonal, slopping or strong curved elements contrasting with horizontal and vertical members.

LE CORBUSIER‘I prefer drawing to talking. Drawing is faster and leaves less room for lies.’

UNITE D’HABITATION

The Unite d'Habitation , (Housing Unit) is the housing design principle developed by Le Corbusier.

The first and most famous of these buildings, also known as Cite radiuses (radiant city) and, is located in Marseille, France.

Built between 1947 and 1952.

The building is constructed in beton brut ( rough- cast concrete).

Building developed with Corbusier’s designers Shadrach Woods, George Candilis, comprises 337 apartments arranged over twelve stories, all suspended on large pilot .

Inside, corridors run through the centre of the long axis of every third floor of the building, with each apartment lying on two levels, and stretching from one side of the building to the other, with a balcony.

The flat roof is designed as a communal terrace with sculptural ventilation stacks, a running track, and a shallow paddling pool for children.

Notre-Dame-du-haut Ronchamp

The chapel completed in 1954.

Is one of the finest examples of the architect Le Corbusier.

The structure is made mostly of concrete and is comparatively small, enclosed by thick walls, with the upturned roof supported on columns embedded within the walls, like a sail billowing in the windy currents on the hill top.

The structure is built mostly of concrete and stone. Some have described Ronchamp as the first Post-Modern building. It was constructed in the early 1950s.

The different-sized windows are scattered in an irregular pattern across the wall.

The glass that closes the windows off is set at alternating depths. This glass is sometimes clear, but is often decorated with small pieces of stained glass in typical Corbusier colours : red, green, and yellow.

Small pieces of stained glass are set deep within the walls, which are sometimes ten feet thick.

The glass glows likes deep-set rubies and emeralds and amethysts and jewels of all colours .

The roof of Notre Dame du Haut appears to float above the walls .

This is possible, because it is supported by concrete columns, not the walls themselves.

This billowing concrete roof was planned to slope toward the back, where a fountain of abstract forms is placed on the ground.

When it rains, the water comes pouring off the roof and down onto the raised, slanted concrete structures, creating a dramatic natural fountain.

LOUIS KAHN“It was not belief, not design, not pattern ,but the essence from which an institution could emerge”

JATIYO SANGSAD BHAVAN

Jatiyo Sangsad Bhaban or National Parliament House, is the house of the Parliament of Bangladesh.

Located at Sher e-Bangla Nagar in the Bangladeshi capital of Dhaka.

Designed by architect Louis Kahn .

Louis Kahn designed the entire Jatiyo Sangsad complex, which includes lawns, lake and residences for the Members of the Parliament (MPs).

The architect’s key design philosophy was to represent Bangladeshi culture and heritage.

Location and basic layoutThe enclave, situated in Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, is bounded by four major streets:

•Lake Road to the North;• Rokeya Sarani to the East;• Manik Mia Avenue to the South; and• Mirpur Road to the West

The main building (the Bhaban) is divided into three parts:• The Main Plaza: 823,000 square feet •South Plaza: 223,000 square feet •Presidential Plaza: 65,000 square feet

In the assembly he had introduced a light-giving element to the interior of the plan.

If we see a series of columns we can say that the choice of columns is a choice in light.

The columns as solids frame the spaces of light.

Design Philosophy

The Bhavan consists of nine individual blocks: the eight peripheral blocks rise to a height of 110' while the central octagonal block rises to a height of 155'. All nine blocks include different groups of functional spaces and have different levels, inter-linked horizontally and vertically by corridors, lifts, stairs, light courts, and circular areas.

The Main Building

The most important part of the Main Plaza is the Parliament Chamber.

The Chamber has a maximum height of 117' with a parabolic shell roof.

The roof was designed with a clearance of a single story to let in daylight.

Daylight, reflecting from the surrounding walls and octagonal drum, filters into the Parliament Chamber.

The efficient and aesthetic use of light was a strong architectural capability of Louis Kahn.

The Main Plaza

The South Plaza faces the Manik Mia Avenue.

It gradually rises to a 20' height and serves as a beautiful exterior as well as the main entrance (used by members during sessions) to the Parliament Building

The South Plaza

Presidential Plaza

The Presidential Plaza lies to the North and faces the Lake Road.

It functions as an intimate plaza for the MPs and other dignitaries. It contains marble steps, a gallery and an open pavement