BROWN BAG ON Impact Measurement

and Stakeholder Engagement

in HARO’s Program on Productive Water Rights in Ethiopia

Adinda van Hemelrijck – MEL AdvisorFriday, May 7, 2010

1:00 - 2:00pm

OVERVIEW

30 minutes presentation (with Q&A): 4 program background slides 5 slides on program goal & objectives, theory

of change, and impact measures 8 slides on stakeholder consultation workshop

(purpose & outcomes, process & results)

30 minutes discussion

On Padare: Presentation: http://padare.oxfamamerica.org/content/23370 Water Program: http://padare.oxfamamerica.org/content/227

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BACKGROUND

Agriculture• Contributes 45% to the GDP

• Generates 85% foreign currency95% Smallholders (0.93 ha/HH)

99% rain-fed

Land 74.3 mln ha Arable land <-> 12.3 mln ha, cultivated (2008) 3.7 mln ha, irrigable <-> 0.6 mln ha, irrigated

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Opportunity window:

Agri-development led industrialization

CC Adaptation funding

Water policy - Water for consumption & productive use

Water sector development program

- Irrigation development program established • Goals, targets for 15 years • Plans (127,138 ha in 4 regions: USD 599.4 mln)

= over 80% of the regional budget allocation

> Achievements are not satisfactory> Regions are very committed & OA investment can help a lot in realizing

targets

BACKGROUND

6Goal:

To enable SHs access & manage water resources for enhancing their

production and food security in a fair, equitable and sustainable manner.

SCO1SHs’ rights over

water for production

SCO2SHs’ sustainable

use and management of water resources

SCO3Equal opportunities for women vis-à-vis

men in use & management

of water resources

BACKGROUND

2008 - 2009 Financial crisis

REGULATORY & INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK for equitable access and distribution of water rights

LOCAL CAPACITY, ORGANIZATION & CO-INVESTMENT

Increased capacity and co-investment of Local

Gov in sustainable design /construction of

water schemes,and support of

smallholders’ legal organizations

Enhanced community organization into water users associations and legal business entities

(cooperatives) with democratic leadership

(including women)

Increased knowledge of water rights & policies,

and increased capacity and co-investment of

rural communities in sustainable design,

construction and M&O of water schemes

Regional NGOs / CSOs help establish and

monitor communities & government relations

through co-investment and co-decision-making

in water schemes development

(Tri-Partite Agreement)

Increased budget and operational support from

Regional Gov (investment targets

per region)

Increased regional knowledge and multi-

stakeholder dialogue on equal access and fair

distribution of water rights

SMALLHOLDER ENTREPRENEURSHIP

Rural communities take greater charge of decisions around water

rights and resources

Increased realization of women’s water

interests in relation to men’s

Increased smallholder entrepreneurship based on greater

confidence, influence and resilience

NATIONAL POLICY, LEGISLATION & RESOURCE LEVERAGEfor equitable access and distribution of water rights

Increased funding for research & replication

National Gov reinforces constit law and water policy, creates

incentives for smallholder investment and for resources

& benefit sharing in HHs

Increased knowledge of best practices and understanding of

bottlenecks in national policy and legislation

GOAL:By 2020

vulnerable rural communities

in moisture stressed

areas of Tigray, Amhara & Oromia Regional States in

Ethiopia, will exercise their

rights to equitably access,

sustainably use and manage water

resources for production.

This will improve their food security

and strengthen their rural

livelihoods.

Increased equitable access to water for

production

Effective local governance of ≠ water interests & need, and

improved conflict-resolving

Increased legal protection against unfair competition and rights

denial

Increased access to markets and bargaining

power

Positive engagement with private sector for

inputs & services

Time lag: Assumptions to be probed

Oxfam & Strategic Partners

Core-Value

Proposition:

CO-

INVESTMENT

THEORY OF CHANGE

IMPACT DOMAINS

1. Smallholders’ food security;

2. Smallholders’ water access and local governance of water rights;

3. Access to markets and positive private sector engagement

4. Co-investment, institutional coordination and local capacity reg. water resource development for/with smallholders;

5. Productive water needs & interests by social group, and women’s influence on decisions/priorities reg. water resource development for smallholders;

6. Sustainable water productivity & efficiency

7. Equitable distribution of water rights across different types of users (public, smallholder, investor, industry…)

MEASURING COMPLEX SYSTEMIC CHANGE…

13. HH food security

1. Eq access to prod opportunities

(land & water)

2.&3. Prices for produce & inputs

(users vs non-users - savings & credit)

Water governance (ownership)

7. Federal investments(from donors / from

internal revenue)

5.Woreda budgets & tax base

Resource allocation from Reg gov to

Woreda

Opportunity cost of allocations to

SSPWRD

10.Women leadersh infl & dec-power in

HHs & Com Inst

11. Women leadership, infl & dec-power in loc, reg & fed govs

12. Water productivityTechn & financial

sustainability

Environmental sustainability

4. NGO Investments & capacity-building

efforts

6. Woreda capacity (HR, operatons,

coord)

Conflicts (across localities)

Legal protection (><competition)

8. Prod water needs & interests met (by social group)

9. Women leadersh,

infl & dec-power in NGOs

Core Value Proposition

CO-INVESTMENT SYSTEM

Community

Loc & Reg Gov Donors

NGOs

3. Input price paid by WUA and non-WUA farmers

2. Farm produce prices / nearest market prices

4. Current NGO investments directly in “water for productive use” (hard & soft ware)

5. Woreda budgets for SSPWRD

6. Woreda capacity to support community organization & WR management

7. Donor $$ / fed gov investment plans for SSPWRD

1. Equal Access to productive opportunities

related to land & water

9. % leadership positions in community institutions and influence on community priorities/decisions

11. % leadership positions in local and regional Gov Offices and influence on priorities/decisions

10. % leadership positions in NGOs and influence on

priorities/decisions

13. Household Food Security

8. Productive water needs & interests met (by social group)

12. Water productivity

STAKEHOLDER CONSULTATION WORKSHOP Addis Ababa (Ethiopia), February 22-23, 2010

Purpose Create a space where key stakeholders

can get their head around the systemare prodded to listen to each other and create a common languagecan start to learn together about impacts of contributions /co-investments

Launch of a curriculum of impact reflection & learning with key stakeholders

Outcomes Shared Model of Change Agreement on impact domains and impact indicators Map of stakeholders’ roles & contributions Agreement on Co-investment approach Inputs (if any) in impact baseline research design

FACILITATION APPROACH

No PowerPoint!

Every-body

is Expert

Listen -> Scan -> Focus -> Act

STAKEHOLDER ROLESMONDAY MORNING

CHANGE LANDSCAPINGMONDAY AFTERNOON FEBRUARY 22, 2010

CHANGE MODEL SYNTHESISTUESDAY MORNING FEBRUARY 23, 2010

IMPACT INDICATORS IDENTIFIED AND APPROVED

1. Increased productivity (variables: unit of water use per hectare of land)

2. Increased household food security

3. Improved household health

4. Increased household income

5. Better market prices for inputs, products & services

6. Financial sustainability

7. Technical sustainability

8. Equitable water access and use (or equitable allocation of water users rights within water users associations or cooperatives)

9. Equitable decision-making power in government at the federal, regional and local levels

10. Equitable decision-making power in NGOs and CBOs

11. Environmental sustainability (variables: erosion, salinity, water size)

12. Less conflict (between up & downstream users, different types of users, and migrating communities)

13. Resource allocation from regional to local government (and resource mobilization from local to regional level)

14. Increased federal investments (from donors / from internal revenues)

DISCUSSION ON INDICATORS Most indicators are composites that are depending on

variables also influencing other indicators.

There is no one-to-one relationship between indicators and outcomes, and therefore they need to be measured as a system.

It’s important to have some quantified indicators, but we also need qualitative measures for assessing social relations (such as gender).

Measuring progress and impacts will happen in phases. Only core proposition and changes relevant to this program phase needs a baseline now.

VALIDATION OF CHANGE MODEL

Conclusions active involvement of the communities co-investment &

ownership tri-partite agreements mutual accountability between

communities, local & regional government and NGOs post-construction support ensuring sustainability down-ward accountability communities’ feedback on program

delivery appropriate water technologies existing sources and local

conditions (agro-ecological, institutional, livelihood systems, socio-cultural practices)

integrated watershed management other organizations working on different water usages

CommunitiesSTAKEHOLDER ROLE PLAYTUESDAY MORNING

In English:Our role is like, mm… this big!

Zonal & Regional Governments

FINAL REPORTTUESDAY AFTERNOON

Indicator timeline – What to measure when?

Gender mainstreaming – what does “equitable decision making power” mean in practice?

Co-investment and tri-partite agreement – Draft a charter Sustainable agriculture and water technology – What action

and collaboration is needed? Complementary topics (affecting or are affected by the

program, but not at the core of the strategy) – Who can do this?

Indicators Timeline

Sustainable Agriculture & Water Technology

FEEDBACK FROM COMMUNITY REPRENSENTATIVES

“People have come from far to organize this workshop. People have come from far to participate and contribute to this event. I have learned a great deal. We thank the facilitators for giving us the opportunity to participate, and we hope this will happen more and more in the future. It was fascinating to discuss and learn together with so many smart people in the room. It was an honor to sit side by side of all these people who have studied and are experts. We have brought our knowledge and experiences to the discussions. We have acquired new insights and gained a more complete understanding of the challenges we face around water, the possible solutions and who is part of these solutions. All of us have spoken great words and made great promises. If a year from now we come together again, and find out that none of these great words and promises were implemented and nothing has changed, than we have wasted all these people’s time! So we all have the responsibility to make this program work. The work is not finished!”

“I appreciate the strong focus on gender equality and women’s needs and positions. I was sent by my village to speak out for the women who still don’t have the same opportunities as men. We want to change that. The approach this program is taking is very promising. But be aware that women still are not sufficiently involved in the planning and management of irrigation and water systems, and are often left on the sideline. Although they show good intentions, development and extension workers do often fail taking into account women’s perspectives on all the things they do. They forget that most of the times when the men are gone to work in the cities, the women are managing the farms! Women are perfectly capable of doing all this. However technical training and management support is mostly organized only for men. We hope that through the kind of discussions that we had in the past 2 days, these practices will change.”

GETTING TO MAYBE… (Page 1)

“Our deepest fear is not that we are inadequate. Our deepest fear is that we are powerful

beyond measure.

It is our light, not our darkness that most frightens us. We ask ourselves, who am I to be brilliant

gorgeous talented fabulous? Actually who are you not to be?

Our playing small does not serve the world. (…)

We are all meant to shine, as children do… It is not just in some of us; it is in everyone. (…)

As we are liberated from our own fear, our presence automatically liberates others.”

The End

DISCUSSION

Why is it important to engage stakeholders in the discussion around impact?

What are the risks and how can we mitigate them?

How does this contribute to robustness of our impact measurement systems?