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Broiler Diets to Maximize Carcass Yield and Quality

F. I. L. Hernandez1, M. J. Zuidhof, D. R. Korver2, R. A. Renema2, Valerie Carney1

1Alberta Agriculture and Food, Agriculture Research Division

2Agricultural Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta

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Dietary Energy DensityD

ieta

ry P

rote

in D

ensi

ty

Take Home Message

• Optimal nutrient densities to optimize performance and to maximize profit

1. Good early start pays dividends

2. Drop the Energy:Protein ratio during grower and finisher phases

• Quality in the meat sector …has many dimensions (leanness, color, functional properties)

• Maximize value (yield, quality, or profitability)…… usually means compromise between multiple competing objectives

• Modeling applications were explored for using nutrition to optimize broiler production

…and explore the impact of nutrition with the aim of improving lean meat yield

Background

Cobb

Sex-separate

3,335 kcal/kg 22.80 CP

3,245 kcal/kg 21.80 CP

PRE-STARTER1 – 11 d

HighPS LowPS

97 % energy 100% energy94 % energy

92.5 % protein

85 % protein

100 % protein

107.5 % protein

115 % protein

TREATMENTS

*Cobb-Vantress recommendations for maximized growth rate and feed efficiency

DBP Treatment

VLow Low Rec High VHigh

Low A AAC AC ACC C

Mod AB AABBCD ABCD ABCCDD CD

Rec B BBD BD BDD D

ME

Tre

atm

ent

TREATMENTS DIETS

3,009 (kcal/kg)20.70 CP

Starter11 – 20 d

3,169 (kcal/kg)19.80 CP

3,014(kcal/kg)27.80 CP

3,094(kcal/kg)27.80 CP

2,909(kcal/kg)16.39 CP

Grower20 – 31 d

3,119(kcal/kg)17.41 CP

2,842(kcal/kg)23.41 CP

3,008(kcal/kg)22.31 CP

3,022(kcal/kg)16.09 CP

Finisher31 – 56 d

3,137 (kcal/kg)16.78 CP

2,972(kcal/kg)20.76 CP

3,171 (kcal/kg)21.52 CP

A B C D

CORNER DIETS (Analyzed)

DBP Treatment

VLow Low Rec High VHigh

Low A AAC AC ACC C

Mod AB AABBCD ABCD ABCCDD CD

Rec B BBD BD BDD D

ME

Tre

atm

ent

TREATMENTS DIETS

Techniques

• BW (Live body weight)• Carcass

– Eviscerated (feet, head and neck removed)

• Cut Up- Breast (p. major + p. minor)- Abdominal fatpad (including fat on gizzard)- Legs (drum + thigh)- Wings

- Equations are useful to discover optimal ages or management strategies for lean chicken production

• Allometric analysis was conducted using Huxley’s equation

• Where y is the weight of the carcass part (g); x is the weight of the eviscerated carcass (g); a and b are coefficients, estimated using the NLIN procedure of

SAS.

baxy

Techniques

Effect of Prestarter on BW

0.0

1.0

2.0

3.0

4.0

0 7 14 21 28 35 42 49 56Age (days)

BW

(kg

)

LowPS HighPS

2.50

2.60

2.70

2.80

BW (k

g)High Low

Prestarter

PS Level P<0.0001P<0.0001

Effect of Prestarter on Breast Yield at 42 d

( 2,135 g EBW)

Bre

ast

(g) 669.94 667.75

600.00610.00620.00630.00640.00650.00660.00670.00680.00690.00700.00

HighPS LowPS

P<0.037

Prestarter Effects (HighPS)Summary

• Improved BW at 42 d (2.73 vs 2.66 kg)

• Improved Breast Yield at 42 d (670 vs 668 g)

0

1

2

3

Female Male

Sex

BW

(kg

)

P<0.0001

2.48

2.92

Effect of Sex on BW at 42 d

P<0.0001

Fat

pad

(g

)

Effect of Sex on Fat Pad at 42 d

71.98

43.65

0.00

10.00

20.00

30.00

40.00

50.00

60.00

70.00

80.00

Female Male

P<0.0001

P<0.0001P<0.0001

Bre

ast

(g)

Effect of DBP on Breast Yield at 42 d

679.32 678.02674.13

657.25

647.59

600.00

620.00

640.00

660.00

680.00

700.00

VH H Rec L VL

Effect of DBP on Fat Pad at 42 d

Fat

pad

(g

)

57.42

44.8749.32

53.27

75.92

0.00

10.00

20.00

30.00

40.00

50.00

60.00

70.00

80.00

VH H Rec L VL

P<0.0001

Economic Analysis• Live cost of production (Supply Chain Model)

– BW– Feed intake & FCR

-Processing Cost - $1.94/kg (whole bird scenario) - $2.13/kg (cutup scenario) -Carcass Value (CA wholesale / US relative)- Whole bird scenario ($3.48 < 2.3 kg < $4.15/kg)-Cutup scenario

Breast ( x 1.78)Legs ( x 0.86)Other ( x 0.62)

Sources: AAFC, USDA

$315.26Starter $348.95 $333.70 $367.31

$324.68Grower $360.31 $344.01 $379.72

$319.66Finisher $354.10 $334.20 $369.42

A B C D

FEED PRICES OF CORNER DIETS

$354.20/t $317.24/tPRE-STARTERHighPS LowPS

Energy (% of rec) 94 97 100

Relative cost

0.85

0.90

0.95

1.00

1.05

1.10

Protein (% of rec)

80 90 100 110 120

Relative Feed Prices

More Profitable:

• High PS

• Males

Females

Males

Optimum: 97% ME @102% rec DBP

Optimum Formulation*

Cutup Whole

Age ME DBP ME DBP

28 97 102 97 98

36 97 102 97 101

42 97 102 97 101

49 97 101 97 101

56 97 101 97 99

*% of Cobb-Vantress recommendations for maximized growth and feed efficiency

OPTIMAL DIETS (cut up scenario) 97% ME 102% DBP

3,011

(kcal/kg)

23.55 CP

2,911

(kcal/kg)

19.49 CP

3,015

(kcal/kg)

18.42 CP

STARTER

HighPS

GROWER

FINISHER

3,335 kcal/kg 22.80 CP

Final Considerations

• Early nutrition has a strong economic impact

• Nutritionists working with the end product in mind have the potential to improve value through improving lean yield, reducing carcass fatness

Take Home Message

• Optimal nutrient densities to optimize performance and to maximize profit

1. Good early start pays dividends

2. Drop the Energy:Protein ratio during grower and finisher phases

Acknowledgements

Poultry

Industry

Councilfor Research and Education

www.poultryresearchcentre.ca

Thanks!