Upload
discovere
View
318
Download
3
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
1
Bringing Engineering to Life in Elementary SchoolAn online tutorial for elementary classroom teachers
2
1. Why Teach Engineering?2. Engineering Myths and Truths3. The EDP (Engineering Design
Process)4. Classroom Connections5. Engineering SuggestionsSECTIONS
OF THIS TUTORIAL
3
WHY TEACH ENGINEERING?
You be a better teacher Your students be better learners
ENGINEERING CAN HELP
4
The engineering mindset comes naturally to children. Their curiosity is activated as they investigate a phenomenon, build, design, or approach a challenge.
WHY TEACHENGINEERING?
WHY TEACHENGINEERING?
5
Engineering takes advantage of children’s interest in how things work.
6
Engineering is a platform for building scientific knowledge and putting math into practice.
WHY TEACHENGINEERING?
7
Engineering “clarifies the relevance of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics to everyday life.”
Source: Next Generation Science Standards
WHY TEACHENGINEERING?
8
The E in STEM pulls it all together.
WHY TEACH ENGINEERING?
9
WHY TEACH ENGINEERING?
Engineers are guys in hard hats who do math problems all day.
MYTH
10
WHY TEACH ENGINEERING?
Engineers are diverse and come to the profession with a passion to solve real-world problems.
TRUTH
11
There are many stereotypes about engineering.
12
Engineering Myths and Truths
Engineering is basically the same thing as science, and you’re already teaching science.
MYTH
ENGINEERING MYTHS AND TRUTHS
13
Engineering Myths and Truths
They are different and complementary Science answers questions through
experimentation. Engineering solves problems through
design.
TRUTH
ENGINEERING MYTHS AND TRUTHS
14
Engineering Myths and Truths
Science is familiar and you know how to teach it, but engineering is foreign territory.
ENGINEERING MYTHS AND TRUTHS
MYTH
15
ENGINEERING MYTHS AND TRUTHS
They overlap and both involve… Using rulers, thermometers, and
other instruments Collecting data Making careful observations Listening to classmates’ ideas and
solutions
TRUTH
16
Engineering Myths and Truths
Engineering is dry and pragmatic, focused on facts and numbers. It’s not imaginative or artistic.
ENGINEERING MYTHS AND TRUTHS
MYTH
17
ENGINEERING MYTHS AND TRUTHS
TRUTH Engineers use their creativity and analytical skills to invent, design, and build things that matter. By finding imaginative and practical solutions, engineers are changing the world all the time.
18
Engineering Myths and Truths
Only certain kinds of kids are going to become engineers, and there aren’t that many of them.
ENGINEERING MYTHS AND TRUTHS
MYTH
19
ENGINEERING MYTHS AND TRUTHS
Exposing children to engineering gives them confidence to pursue it as a career, regardless of gender, ethnicity, or socioeconomics.
TRUTH
20
Engineering Myths and Truths
You need a professional degree in math, technology, or physics in order to understand or teach engineering.
ENGINEERING MYTHS AND TRUTHS
MYTH
21
ENGINEERING MYTHS AND TRUTHS
TRUTH
No particular professional degree required—just curiosity from you and your students to explore how things work.
22
Engineering Myths and Truths
You also need to understand the Engineering Design Process, which you are about to learn.
ENGINEERING MYTHS AND TRUTHS
TRUTH
23
THE EDP
All engineers use the
engineering design process (EDP).
24
THE EDP
This next example illustrates what the EDP looks like in an elementary classroom.
EGG-CITING RIDE ACTIVITY Your ChallengeDesign a bungee jump for a raw egg.
Materials Include• Ruler• Nylons• Rubber bands• Balloons• Yarn• Sandwich bags• Pennies
26
THE EDPThe ProblemMake a bungee jump for a raw egg so that it won’t hit the floor when it’s dropped.
27
THE EDPThe Specs• The materials provided• The height of the drop (5')• How far from the floor the
egg needs to stop (2")
28
THE EDPBrainstorm• Play with materials• Talk about different ideas
29
THE EDPBuild• Designs will evolve• It’s a messy, loud stage• It’s worth it…it makes
engineering come to life!
30
THE EDP
• Set up testing zone• Record results • Redesign to improve• Add requirements for kids
who need more of a challenge
Test, Improve, Redesign
31
THE EDPShare It!• Students present their
solutions• Discuss what worked, what
didn’t • Say what they liked about
each other’s designs
32
Engineers move back and forth among these steps. They might share results at any point, for example, and use feedback to go back to brainstorming.
THE EDP
THE PROCESS
33
Students will try to skip steps, like design, and go right to build. When planning, decide how much time students will spend on each step. You’ll also notice some activities emphasize certain steps more than others.
TIP
THE EDP
34
Engineering design process
Scientific inquiry
Project-based learning
CLASSROOM CONNECTIONS
Three Teaching Methods
35
Creativity Communication Critical Thinking Collaboration
Share Key Characteristics
36
In all three approaches, the teacher becomes a guide and trouble shooter, rather than main conveyor of information.
CLASSROOM CONNECTIONS
STUDENTS LEARN BY DOING
37
The second part of the formula iscombining the messages with a
hands–on activityLearning by doing helps students understand why failure is such an important part of the process.
38
How do you turn engineering into something you can do in an elementary classroom, on a tight schedule?
YOU’VE SEEN THE BENEFITS . . .
CLASSROOM CONNECTIONS
39
Life in the Middle Ages UnitDesign a Catapult Activity
DESIGN A CAPAPULT ACTIVITY Your ChallengeDesign and build a small-scale catapult to launch a projectile and hit a target.
Materials Include• Projectiles• Craft sticks• Rubber bands• Bottle caps
41
The best angle for launching the projectile
The properties of levers, like: o Forceo Tensiono Mechanical advantage
How history is shaped by engineering
CATAPULTS SHOWCASE
CLASSROOM CONNECTIONS
42
Reveal underlying technology Reinforce science and math concepts Motivate students: they’re fun!
ENGINEERING ACTIVITIES
CLASSROOM CONNECTIONS
43
CLASSROOM CONNECTIONS
Find activities at: DiscoverE.org
44
Idea 1: Invite engineers to your classroom to talk to your students.
45
ENGINEERING SUGGESTIONS
Local university Local chapters of engineering
societies Local engineering companies
FIND GUEST ENGINEERS
46
Turn explorations into design challenges. For example, a lesson about how plants absorb nutrients includes, “what’s a way to keep a plant from drying out if you can’t be there to water it?”
ENGINEERING SUGGESTIONS
IDEA 2
A CLEVER WAY TO WATER ACTIVITY Your ChallengeKeep a potted plant watered for a week with nobody around to do it.
Materials Include• Plastic containers• Small plants• Cotton string• Scissors• Newspaper• Water
48
Ask your students to illustrate their own engineering design process posters. Post a few on the wall and swap them out for other students’ work every week.
ENGINEERING SUGGESTIONS
IDEA 3
49
Idea 4: Invite students to imagine something to make the world a better place and speculate about how an engineer would make it happen.
50
When you do an engineering activity, talk about the EDP and refer to the posters to make the connection explicit.
ENGINEERING SUGGESTIONS
IDEA 5
51
In your professional learning community or grade-level team, see where engineering could be incorporated.
ENGINEERING SUGGESTIONS
IDEA 6
52
Idea 7: Ask students to watch, listen, or read a news article about a problem in their community
that engineers are solving..
53
Display photos of common tools and machines we use every day and ask which ones engineers invented (all of them). Then ask, “What would you do if this thing hadn’t been invented?” ENGINEERING
SUGGESTIONS
IDEA 8
54
That’s it! You’re ready to bring engineering alive for your students.
How are you going to begin?
Funding for this training was provided by: