Keywords• Crusade - a war fought for a religious cause; also

called a Holy War or War of the Cross• Holy Land - modern day Jerusalem

Thou Shall Not Kill Thou Shall Not Kill (Unless on a Crusade!) (Unless on a Crusade!)

1066–15001066–1500

Why is Jerusalem so important?Why is Jerusalem so important?

•There has been conflict and violence in the Holy Land for a long time.

•It is an important religious place for three different religions; Islam, Judaism and Christianity.

Islam – Jerusalem is the home of a very important mosque (a Muslim place of worship). It is where the founder of the faith, the Prophet Muhammad stayed. Muslims believe in the teaching of the Prophet Muhammad and read the Koran.

Christianity – The hill of Calvary in Jerusalem was the place where Jesus Christ died. From the fourth century, Christian pilgrims from all over the world came to visit Jerusalem. Christians believe that Jesus Christ is the son of God and read the bible.

Judaism – In AD 70, the Romans destroyed the most important temple of the Jewish faith that had been built by King David. But Jerusalem is still one of the holiest cities for Jewish people. Jewish people believe in one God and read the Tenakh.

In 1095, Pope Urban II preached a sermon asking people to go on a crusade. His plan was to take the Holy Land away from the Turks. His words inspired kings, knights, soldiers and an army of children to leave Europe to fight.

Urban's speechUrban's speech

“Jerusalem is the navel of the world. This royal city is now held captive by her enemies and is enslaved by a people which does not acknowledge God.”

“All men going there who die, whether on the journey or while fighting the pagans [non-Christians], will immediately be forgiven their sins” extracts from Pope Urban’s speech.

Why does Pope Urban II want people to go on crusades?

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Dv_Gussoya8

What happened during the crusades? What happened during the crusades? Here are the highlightsHere are the highlights

•The First Crusade ran from 1097 to 1099.

•Its leaders included Robert of Normandy and Godfrey of Bouillon.

•Jerusalem was stormed successfully in 1099 and a Christian kingdom set up with many other provinces set up.

•The Second Crusade ran from 1147 to 1149 and was led by Louis VII of France and the Holy Roman Emperor, Conrad III.

•The two quarrelled and the barons of the Kingdom of Jerusalem made an alliance with Muslims in Damascus.

http://www.history.com/topics/crusades

The Third Crusade and King Richard I of EnglandThe Third Crusade and King Richard I of England

•King Richard I spent all but six months of his reign away fighting in the crusades.

•The English were heavily taxed to pay for his campaigns.

•Richard and his army fought several successful battles during the Third Crusade (1189-92) against the Turks.

•He aimed to recapture Jerusalem, but he couldn’t do so and negotiated with Saladin.

•However, the crusaders did gain the coast and pilgrimages to Jerusalem were allowed.

•The Fourth Crusade, from 1202 to 1204, was originally intended to attack Egypt, which was the centre of Muslim power.

•Instead, the crusaders attacked Constantinople (capital of the Byzantium Empire).

•Pope Innocent III was horrified and freed the crusaders from their vow to proceed to the Holy Land.

•The Children’s Crusade happened in 1212, when about 10,000 children from France, Germany and the Netherlands went to recapture Jerusalem.

•They were motivated by religious devotion.

•They did not reach their goal and most either died or were sold into slavery.

The last crusadesThe last crusades

•The enthusiasm for the crusades died down in the fourteenth century, mainly due to the Black Death and the Hundred Years War.

•The Turks grew in power under the Ottomans, and all attempts in this area were simply trying to keep the Turks from expanding into Europe.

The end of the crusadesThe end of the crusades

•The crusaders brought back new ideas about building.

•They learned how to make their castles stronger and developed improved weapons. (crossbow)

•They brought back carpets which they hung on walls as well as putting them on the floors.

•This made life in castles much less cold and draughty.

•Trade between Europe and the Middle East increased and sugar, rice, apricots and cotton were brought to England for the first time.

•European scholars gained access to Classical Greek and Roman learning that had survived thanks to Arabic scholars.

What did people gain from the crusades?What did people gain from the crusades?

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Hz13usEfHks