BotanyYear 9

N Gibellini

Student Learning Objectives

SLO

Describe the 8 characteristics of Living Things

Justify whether an object is living or non living

Living or Non Living?

An unidentified flying object (UFO) lands outside your house.

Dead or Alive?

When you investigate, you see only a green jelly-like blob that has fallen from the spacecraft.

How could you tell if the blob is living or non-living?

Complete Scipad page 111

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Kctnt8WWMGA

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k3b2VCNzhZo&safe=active

Living or Non Living

All living things must:

M – Move – to get food, away from predators

R – Respire – make energy from food

S – Sense – detect changes in surroundings, know when its night or raining

C- cells/circulation

G – Grow – get bigger

R – Reproduce – carry on species

E – Excrete – sweat, breathe out, liquid and solid wastes

N – Nutrition - feed

Plant or Animal

How do we know if our alien jelly monster is a plant or an animal?

Brainstorm how you could test to see if it was a plant or an animal.

Complete Sci pad pages 112-115

Plant or Animal

Animals Plants

Are usually mobile or can

move limbs

Are fixed or floating, some

parts can move slowly

Obtain food by eating

plants or other animals

Make their own food by

photosynthesis

Have a nervous system

and brain

Have no nervous system or

brain

Have well-developed

sense organs

Have no special sense organs

Respond rapidly to

stimuli

Respond slowly to stimuli

Success Criteria

List the words that go with MRS C GREN

Describe the difference between a plant and an animal

Cut out and glue in the pictures according to whether they are living or non living and plant or animal

Complete scipad pages 112-115

SLO

1. Develop an understanding of plant and animal cells (including organelles)

Definition of Cell

A cell is the smallest unit that is capable of performing life functions.

Discovery Of The Cell

Robert Hooke

o confirmed Leeuwenhoek’s observation

o 1st to use the word “cell”

o reminded him of the rooms in a

monastery

Cell Theory

Cells are the basic units of life.

All living things are composed of cells and cell products.

All cells come from other cells – new cells are formed only by the division of pre-existing cells

The cell contains inherited information (genes), which are used as instructions for growth, functioning and development.

Cells are maintained as separate units by membranes

Types of Cells

Animal Cells

Plant Cells

Animal Cell

A cell membranecovers the whole cell.

The nucleus controls the activities of a cell.

The cytoplasm is a jelly like substance surrounding the nucleus.

Plant Cell

Has a cell wall made of cellulose

A cell membranecovers the whole cell.

Has a large vacuolefilled with cell sap

Has chloroplastscontaining a green substance called chlorophyll.

Organelles

Structure Function Plant Animal Diagram

Cell Wall

Cell Membrane

Cytoplasm

Nucleus

Vacuole

Organelles

Structure Function Plant Animal

Cell Wall Structure and protection Yes No

Cell Membrane

Allows entry and exit of materials Yes Yes

Cytoplasm Contains chemicals for cell processes

Yes Yes

Nucleus Controls cell functioning Yes Yes

Vacuole Temporary storage facility Yes (large) Yes (small)

Chloroplasts Location of photosynthesis Yes No

Examples of Cells

Amoeba Proteus

Plant Stem

Red Blood Cell

Nerve Cell

Bacteria

Success Criteria

1. Complete pages 116-117 Sci pad

2. Are cellulose walls found in animal or plant cells? What is the purpose of a cellulose wall?

3. Which part of a plant cell contains chlorophyll?

4. Which cells have a vacuole filled with sap?

5. Give two ways in which plant and animal cells are different.

6. Copy and label the diagrams below:

Success Criteria

1. Are cellulose walls found in animal or plant cells? What is the purpose of a cellulose wall?

Plant, maintains structure and for protection

1. Which part of a plant cell contains chlorophyll?

Chloroplasts

1. Which cells have a vacuole filled with sap?

Plants

1. Give two ways in which plant and animal cells are different.

Plant is rectangle shape, animal shape is irregular, plant cell has a cell wall and chloroplasts and animal does not

A – plant cell

B – cell wall

C – cell membrane

D – nucleus

E – vacuole

F – cytoplasm

G – Animal Cell

H – cell membrane

I – vacuole

J – nucleus

K - cytoplasm

SLO

2. Use a microscope and use its basic features (make a wet mount)

Using a Microscope

1.Place slide on stage

2.Adjust mirror to have maximum light

3.Turn coarse focus wheel all the way so it is close to the stage

4.Look into eyepiece and focus using coarse focus

Making a Slide

1.Collect slide, coverslip, stain, specimen

2.Specimen onto slide, flat, no folds, small

3.1 drop of stain

4.Lower cover slip from an angle

5.Wipe off excess stain

Drawing in Science

2 D

No sketching

Pencil

Label in pen and horizontal

Title

No shading

Magnification (eyepiece X objective lens)

Large (at least 5 lines)

Use your imagination – interpret what you see

Task

1.Complete Sci pad pages 118-121

2.Use microscope to view and draw a cheek and plant cells

Remember to give your pencildiagram a; title, magnification, labels

nucleus

Cell membrane

cytoplasm

Success Criteria

1.A microscope has a x10 objective lens and a x4 eyepiece lens. How big would an object that is 0.07mm in diameter appear through the microscope?

3. Describe the steps involved in making a slide

SLO

Name the major parts of a plant and describe their function

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3QjSD2AF5mg

Function of Plant Parts

Plant Part Function

Flower

Stem

Roots

Leaves

Root Hairs

Seeds

Fruit

Function of Plant Parts

Plant Part Function

Flower Reproduction

Stem Hold plant up and transport

Roots Anchorage, get water

Leaves Photosynthesis

Root Hairs Absorb water and nutrients by increasing surface area

Seed Growth of new plant

Fruit Contains seed

Wheat seed

Root hairs

Fragile parts of

cells that grow

from the main root

They massively

increase the

surface area for

absorption

Root hair cells (x150)

Leaf Blade

Task

Complete page 122-123 of Sci pad

SLO

Gather information through experiments and research

Aim: What are the requirements for germination of a seed?

Hypothesis: Seeds need ____________________in order to germinate

Equipment: 2 x petri dishes, filter paper, 20 x cress seeds, measuring cylinder, soil, black paper, fridge

Method:

Independent Variable:

Wet/dry hot/cold/warm light/dark CO2/no CO2

soil/cotton wool

Dependent Variable:

Number of seeds germinated after 5 days

Controlled Variables:

Number of seeds, location, light, container they are in, temperature

Germination

Method:

Step 1:

Step 2:

Step 3:

Results:

Graph: Germinating Seeds

Number seeds

Germinated

Cold Warm Hot

Condition Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3 Average (Germinated)

1

2

Conclusion:

In order for seeds to germinate they need _________. This is because . . . The hypothesis was correct/incorrect.

Evaluation:

The experiment was accurate because . . .

The experiment was reliable because …

In order to improve the experiment . . .

Germination Germination is the growth of a plant from a seed

Germination requires:

Water

Warmth

Oxygen

Complete Scipad pages 142-143

SLO

Develop and understanding of the process of photosynthesis

Inside the Leaf

25/01/2015

Function of Leaf Parts

25/01/2015

Leaf Part Function

Cuticle

Epidermis

Palisade layer

SpongyMesophyll Layer

Guard Cells

Stomata

Function of Leaf Parts

25/01/2015

Leaf Part Function

Cuticle Reduce evaporation

Epidermis Protect underlying cells

Palisade layer Photosynthesis

Spongy Mesophyll Layer

Gas Exchange

Guard Cells Open and close stomata

Stomata Reduce water loss

Stoma is a small holeIts size is controlled by 2 guard cells

closed open

Stoma function is for gas exchange in the leaf

Carbon dioxide

oxygenGuard cell

Provided plant is photosynthesising

Tasks

Complete leaf cube

Complete scipad page 128

Make a cross section of a leaf and view and draw it under the microscope. Label as many sections as you can

25/01/2015

Photosynthesis

25/01/2015

Photosynthesis happens in the “palisade” cells in the leaf:

Source: BBC Bitesize

Palisade cells

Starch Test

Success Criteria

http://www.neok12.com/diagram/Photosynthesis-01.htm

Complete Sci pad pages Complete Sci pad pages 124-127, 129

List the requirements for photosynthesis

List the products of photosynthesis

What factors affect the rate of photosynthesis?

Success Criteria

List the requirements for photosynthesis

Water, carbon dioxide, light, chlorophyll

List the products of photosynthesis

Oxygen, glucose – stored as starch

What factors affect the rate of photosynthesis?

More light, more carbon dioxide, more water, more chlorophyll

SLO

Explain how plants move water from their roots to their leaves (transpiration, osmosis)

Transpiration

Plants absorb water through their roots via osmosis

Water is sucked up the stem via capillary action

Water evaporates out of the stomata in the leavescooling the plant down

Stomata

Found in lower epidermis

Stoma – hole

Guard cells – outside

Guard cells are full of water the stomata is open, and water can escape and gases can go in and out of leaf

Guard cells are flaccid (no water in them) water and gases cannot move in and out

Success Criteria

Complete Scipad page 130 – Transport in Plants

SLO

Describe the major parts of flowers and their function

Plant Terms:

Term Definition

Pollination Transfer of Pollen from anther to stigma

Fertilization Joining of male and female sex cells

Germination Growth from a seed to a plant

Ovulation Releasing of an egg

Life Cycle of a Plant

This consists of 5 stages.

Pretty Flowers For Dis Girl.

(a) Pollination

(b) Fertilisation

(c) Fruit & Seed Development

(d) Dispersal of Fruit & Seed

(e) Germination.

Flower Parts

Parts of a Flower

Structure Function

Flowers Attract pollinators

Sepal Protect flower

Anther Makes pollen

Stigma Sticky and collects pollen

Style Holds up stigma and provides pathway to ovules

Filament Holds anthers up high

Flower Dissection

Flower Dissection

Flowers are organ systems which contain the male and female reproductive organs of plants.

1 Look carefully at your flower. What plant is it from?

2 What are reproductive organs used for?

3 How many petals are there on your flower?

4 What colour are the petals?

Using tweezers, carefully take off the petals from one side of the flower so that you can see the male and female reproductive organs.

5 Draw your flower and label the parts.

6 How many stamens are there in the flower?

7 a Which part of the flower is the male reproductive organ?

b What is the name of the sex cells that are produced here?

c In which part are these sex cells found?

8 a Which part of the flower is the female reproductive organ?

b What is the name of the sex cells that are produced here?

c What is the name of the containers that each sex cell is found in?

d In which part are these containers found?

Success Criteria

List the male parts of a flower

List the female parts of a flower

What is the function of the petals and sepals?

Complete Scipad pages 131-136

Make a labelled model of a flower

SLO

Describe the process of pollination by various means

Pollination

Pollination is the transfer of pollen from the anther to the stigma

Asexual – self pollination

Sexual/ Cross – two plants

Methods of Pollination

Animal

Insects

Bats

Birds

Large colourful flowers

nectar

Wind

Dull, long, feathery flowers

Lots of pollen

Success Criteria

In your own words describe four differences between wind pollinated and animal pollinated flowers

Complete Scipad pages 137-138

SLO

List some of the methods that seeds are dispersed

Label the parts of a seed and describe their function

Fertilization

Pollen grows a pollen tube

Genetic material moves down into the ovaries and fuses with the ovule

This forms a seed

Complete Scipad page 139

Seeds

Seed DispersalFertilization occurs when the pollen grain and egg fuse to form a zygote (seed)

Seeds need to be dispersed away from the parent plant to avoid competition for:

Water

Light

Nutrients

Space

Seed Dispersal

Wind:

- Helicopters

- Parachutes

- Light

- Feathery

- Bland in colour

Animal:

- Hooks to catch onto fur

- Nuts for storage

- Fruit to eat

Self Dispersal:

- explosions

Success Criteria

Collect an example of each type of seed dispersal and make a labelled poster.

Describe the difference between pollination, fertilization and seed dispersal

Describe the difference between wind and animal dispersed seeds

Complete Scipad pages 140-141