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Blu-Ray DisksBlu-Ray Disks

Submitted BySubmitted By

Satyajeet S.Navale(1SG06IS042)Satyajeet S.Navale(1SG06IS042)

Information Science & Engineering

Sapthagiri College Of Engineering

222ISE, SCE

Blu_Ray Disks

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INDEXINDEX• IntroductionIntroduction• History & EvolutionHistory & Evolution• FeaturesFeatures• WorkingWorking• ImplementationImplementation• Future & Commercial MarketFuture & Commercial Market• ConclusionConclusion• ReferencesReferences

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Blu_Ray Disks

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INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION

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Blu-ray disc (BD) is appropriately named after the blue laser Blu-ray disc (BD) is appropriately named after the blue laser used to write the dataused to write the data

A A Blu-ray DiscBlu-ray Disc (also known as (also known as BDBD or or Blu-RayBlu-Ray) is an ) is an optical discoptical disc storagestorage medium designed to supersede the medium designed to supersede the standard standard DVDDVD format. format.

The disc has the same physical dimensions as standard The disc has the same physical dimensions as standard DVDsDVDs and and CDsCDs

Takes up about Takes up about five times more bandwidthfive times more bandwidth and and therefore requires a disc with about five times more therefore requires a disc with about five times more storage.storage.

Blu-ray is the next-generation digital video disc. It can Blu-ray is the next-generation digital video disc. It can record, store and play back high-definition video and digital record, store and play back high-definition video and digital audio, as well as computer data. The advantage to Blu-ray audio, as well as computer data. The advantage to Blu-ray is the sheer amount of information it can hold.is the sheer amount of information it can hold.

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INTRODUCTION(contd)INTRODUCTION(contd)

A single-layer Blu-ray disc, which is roughly the A single-layer Blu-ray disc, which is roughly the same size as a DVD, can hold up to 25GB of data -- same size as a DVD, can hold up to 25GB of data -- that's more than two hours of high-definition video or that's more than two hours of high-definition video or about 13 hours of standard video.about 13 hours of standard video.

A double-layer Blu-ray disc can store up to 50 GB, A double-layer Blu-ray disc can store up to 50 GB, enough to hold about 4.5 hours of high-definition enough to hold about 4.5 hours of high-definition video or more than 20 hours of standard video. video or more than 20 hours of standard video.

Users will be able to connect to the Internet and Users will be able to connect to the Internet and instantly download subtitles and other interactive instantly download subtitles and other interactive movie features.movie features.

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HISTORYHISTORY 1st GENERATION:1st GENERATION: Compact disc (CD): --- 650/700 MBCompact disc (CD): --- 650/700 MB It is with us for over 20 years.It is with us for over 20 years. Wavelength of laser which reads data: 780 nmWavelength of laser which reads data: 780 nm Color of laser: RedColor of laser: Red 2nd GENERATION:2nd GENERATION: Digital versatile disc (DVD): --- 4.7 GBDigital versatile disc (DVD): --- 4.7 GB It offers high quality sound and video than CD.It offers high quality sound and video than CD. Wavelength of laser which reads data: 650 nmWavelength of laser which reads data: 650 nm Color of laser: RedColor of laser: Red 3rd GENERATION:3rd GENERATION: Blue-ray disc (BD): --- 25/50 GBBlue-ray disc (BD): --- 25/50 GB1.1. Developed by blue-ray disc association (which includes Apple, Hitachi, HP, LG, Developed by blue-ray disc association (which includes Apple, Hitachi, HP, LG,

Panasonic, Pioneer, Philips, Samsung, Sharp, Sony)Panasonic, Pioneer, Philips, Samsung, Sharp, Sony)2.2. Wavelength of laser which reads data: Wavelength of laser which reads data: 405 nm405 nm3.3. Color of laser: Color of laser: Blue-violet which was developed byBlue-violet which was developed by

SHUJI NAKAMURA SHUJI NAKAMURA at NICHIA CORPORATIONat NICHIA CORPORATION

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FEATURESFEATURES

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•Record high-definition television (HDTV) without any quality loss

•Instantly skip to any spot on the disk

•Record one program while watching another on the disc

•Create playlists

•Edit or reorder programs recorded on the disc

•Automatically search for an empty space on the disc to avoid recording over a program

•Access the Web to download subtitles and other extra features

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WorkingWorking

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•Discs store digitally encoded video and audio information in pits -- spiral grooves that run from the center of the disc to its edges.

• A laser reads the other side of these pits -- the bumps -- to play the movie or program that is stored on the DVD.

•The more data that is contained on a disc, the smaller and more closely packed the pits must be.

• The smaller the pits , the more precise the reading laser must be.

•Unlike current DVDs, Blu-ray uses a blue laser . A blue laser has a shorter wavelength (405 nanometers) than a red laser (650 nanometers).

•The smaller beam focuses more precisely, enabling it to read information recorded in pits that are only 0.15 microns (µm) this is more than twice as small as the pits on a DVD.

•Blu-ray has reduced the track pitch from 0.74 microns to 0.32 microns. The smaller pits, smaller beam and shorter track pitch together enable a single-layer Blu-ray disc to hold more than 25 GB of information

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THE TECHNOLOGYPitsPits : spiral grooves that run : spiral grooves that run

from the centre of the disc to from the centre of the disc to its edgesits edges

BumpsBumps : other sides of these : other sides of these edges.edges.

Track pitchTrack pitch : it is the : it is the distance between the two distance between the two tracks (of pits) on the tracks (of pits) on the surface.surface.

----------------------------------------------------------Disc store digitally encoded Disc store digitally encoded

data in PITS.data in PITS.

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So, in blu-ray disc:So, in blu-ray disc:

Pit size – 0.15 microns Pit size – 0.15 microns ( more than twice as ( more than twice as small as the pits on DVD )small as the pits on DVD )

Track-pitch is : 0.32 micronsTrack-pitch is : 0.32 microns

Laser needed : blue-violet Laser needed : blue-violet laser (405 nm)laser (405 nm)

Data transfer rate : 36 MbpsData transfer rate : 36 Mbps

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Each Blu-ray disc is about the same thickness (1.2 millimeters) as a DVD. But the two types of discs store data differently

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How it’s Made

The Blu-ray disc overcomes DVD-reading issues by placing the data on top of a 1.1-mm-thick polycarbonate layer. Having the data on top prevents birefringence and therefore prevents readability problems. And, with the recording layer sitting closer to the objective lens of the reading mechanism, the problem of disc tilt is virtually eliminated. Because the data is closer to the surface, a hard coating is placed on the outside of the disc to protect it from scratches and fingerprints.

The design of the Blu-ray discs saves on manufacturing costs. Traditional DVDs are built by injection molding the two 0.6-mm discs between which the recording layer is sandwiched. The process must be done very carefully to prevent birefringence.

The two discs are molded. The recording layer is added to one of the

discs. The two discs are glued together. Blu-ray discs only do the injection-molding

process on a single 1.1-mm disc, which reduces cost.

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Higher density Higher density enables better data enables better data seek timesseek times

Shorter to travel Shorter to travel for same amount of for same amount of data results in data results in faster data seekfaster data seek

Better for random Better for random access of dataaccess of data

BLU-RAY DISKS DENSITY ADVANTAGE

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DUAL LAYERDUAL LAYER

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CODING FOR BD OPTICAL CODING FOR BD OPTICAL RECORDINGRECORDING

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• Blu-ray Disc uses a "blue" (technically violet) laser, operating at a wavelength of 405 nm, to read and write data. The diodes are InGaN (Indium Gallium Nitride) lasers that produce 405 nm photons directly, that is, without frequency doubling or other nonlinear optical mechanisms. Conventional DVDs and CDs use red and near-infrared lasers, at 650 nm and 780 nm, respectively.

• The blue-violet laser's shorter wavelength makes it possible to store more information on a 12 cm CD/DVD-size disc. The minimum "spot size" on which a laser can be focused is limited by diffraction, and depends on the wavelength of the light and the numerical aperture of the lens used to focus it. By decreasing the wavelength, increasing the numerical aperture from 0.60 to 0.85, and making the cover layer thinner to avoid unwanted optical effects, the laser beam can be focused to a smaller spot. This allows more information to be stored in the same area. For Blu-ray Disc, the spot size is 580 nm. In addition to the optical improvements, Blu-ray Discs feature improvements in data encoding that further increase the capacity.

LASER AND OPTICS

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Recording speed

Drive speed

Data rateTheoretical Write time for Blu-ray Disc (minutes)

Mbit/s

MB/s

Single-Layer Dual-Layer

1× 36 4.5 90 180

2× 72 9 45 90

4× 144 18 22.5 45

6× 216 27 15 30

8× 288 36 11.25 22.5

12×] 432 54 7.5 15

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Software standardsCodecsThe BD-ROM specification mandates certain codec compatibilities for both hardware decoders (players) and movie software.

VideoFor video, all players are required to support MPEG-2 Part 2, H.264/MPEG-4 AVC, and SMPTE VC-1.MPEG-2 is the codec used

AudioFor audio, BD-ROM players are required to support Dolby Digital (AC-3), DTS, and linear PCM.

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JavaJava Java is used to implement interactive menus on Blu-ray Java is used to implement interactive menus on Blu-ray

Discs, as opposed to the method used on Discs, as opposed to the method used on DVDDVD video discs. video discs. Inclusion of a Inclusion of a Java Virtual MachineJava Virtual Machine, as well as network , as well as network

connectivity in some BD devices, will allow updates to Blu-connectivity in some BD devices, will allow updates to Blu-ray Discs via the Internet, adding content such as additional ray Discs via the Internet, adding content such as additional subtitle languages and promotional features not included subtitle languages and promotional features not included on the disc at pressing time. on the disc at pressing time.

This Java Version is called This Java Version is called BD-JBD-J Most Blu-ray Discs that have BD-J menus do not allow a Blu-Most Blu-ray Discs that have BD-J menus do not allow a Blu-

ray Disc player to automatically resume a movie from the ray Disc player to automatically resume a movie from the point at which it was stopped. point at which it was stopped.

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•Although the Blu-ray Disc specification has been finalized, engineers continue to work on advancing the technology. Quad-layer (100 GB) discs have been demonstrated on a drive with modified optics

•JVC has developed a three-layer technology that allows putting both standard-definition DVD data and HD data on a BD/(standard) DVD combination. If successfully commercialized, this would enable the consumer to purchase a disc that can be played on current DVD players

•In December 2008, Pioneer Corporation unveiled a 400 GB (containing 16 data layers, 25 GB each) and a 500 GB (containing 20 layers) Blu-ray Disc that will be compatible with current players after a firmware update. Its planned launch is in the 2009–10 time frame for ROM and 2010–13 for rewritable discs. Ongoing development is under way to create a 1 TB (1,000GB) Blu-ray Disc as soon as 2013.

Ongoing development

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FutureFuture Expect the BD to become more prevalent once the HDTV market Expect the BD to become more prevalent once the HDTV market

establishes its presence.establishes its presence.

Audio and video will reach higher qualities with larger storage space.Audio and video will reach higher qualities with larger storage space.

Look for BD with more than two layers as the technology is further Look for BD with more than two layers as the technology is further refined.refined.

Sony has made the Disc with size 200GB already.Sony has made the Disc with size 200GB already.

Pioneer announced on August 5, 2008 , that they have got success Pioneer announced on August 5, 2008 , that they have got success

in making BD with in making BD with

increased Disc Sizeincreased Disc Size

of 500GB.of 500GB.

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CONCLUSIONSCONCLUSIONS

AVMON for Distributed Systems

More capacity, Density and More capacity, Density and PerformancePerformance

More Industry Support/Consumer More Industry Support/Consumer Reach (BDA has 140+ members)Reach (BDA has 140+ members)

More DurableMore Durable More Interactive User ExperienceMore Interactive User Experience More Flexible Content Protection: More Flexible Content Protection:

AAC, BD+ Renewability Technology AAC, BD+ Renewability Technology and ROM Markand ROM Mark

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REFERENCESREFERENCES http://www.digitaljournal.com/article/254136http://www.digitaljournal.com/article/254136 http://www.blu-ray.com/news/?id=1616, http://www.blu-ray.com/news/?id=1616, http://www.docstoc.com/docs/424938/White-paper-General-http://www.docstoc.com/docs/424938/White-paper-General-

Blu-ray-Disc-FormatBlu-ray-Disc-Format http://allfreedownloadlinks.com/free-softwares/free-http://allfreedownloadlinks.com/free-softwares/free-

multimedia-software/blu-ray- to-dvd-pro-v120/multimedia-software/blu-ray- to-dvd-pro-v120/ http://reviews.cnet.com/1770-9991_7-0.html?query= http://reviews.cnet.com/1770-9991_7-0.html?query=

blu+ray+disc&searchtype=products&tag=ltcol;narrowblu+ray+disc&searchtype=products&tag=ltcol;narrow http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blu-ray_Disc# http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blu-ray_Disc#

Technical_specificationsTechnical_specifications http://www.thefreelibrary.com/_/search/Search.aspx? http://www.thefreelibrary.com/_/search/Search.aspx? SearchBy=0&Word=blu+ray+disc&By=0SearchBy=0&Word=blu+ray+disc&By=0