- 1. BK 7210 urban analysis and design principles ir. Evelien
Brandes Bk7210 Urban analysis & design Minor: Green Blue City
2013 Lecture 2 Urban analysis and design principles Evelien
Brandes
2. 1. Theory: Analysis of realized urban plans as the base for
urban design slide 3-5 2. Scales of urban analysis and design:
district and neighbourhood slide 6-10 3. The scale of the (city)
district: structures and main elements slide 11-15 4. Principles on
neighbourhood scale slide 16-28 5. Special focus elements slide
29-46 6. An example of urban design: Bovenkerk slide 47-60 7.
Creative commons slide 61 BK 7210 urban analysis and design
principles ir. Evelien Brandes Contents of this lecture 3. Analysis
of realized urban plans are the base for urban design An urbanist
is constantly going through a medium-switch from the real situation
to the layout plan and from high level scale to detailed scale. -
for everyone the low scale is the scale one experiences - studies
of a lot of plans lead to a wide range of references (precedents)
Urban design forms are the framework for (landscape) architects The
urbanist has to have knowledge of building typologies and public
spaces so the urban plan generates possibilities for architecture
and landscape design. An urban design does not need to be too
complicated It is about a plausible solution (to get actors- and
public support) Complicated solutions are often too expensive, so
will be deleted in the process. The urbanist also generates ideas
about the assignment itself What should be done to improve this
spatial situation or Where is the right location for the demanding
function? What is the right program (amount / types of functions)
for this location? 1. Some theories of urban plan making BK 7210
urban analysis and design principles ir. Evelien Brandes 4. BK 7210
urban analysis and design principles ir. Evelien Brandes Observing:
city plan and reality Rotterdam Kop van Zuid 5. BK 7210 urban
analysis and design principles ir. Evelien Brandes Relation public
space and building typology Building typology standard building
block courtyard building, free-standing buildings single housing
collective buildings collective buildings Public space Street
profiles, squares, parks, waterfronts, routes, bridges An urban
plan is designed on the basis of public space, not from the build
structures 6. - Level of the city district (dutch: stadsdeel) /
city scale - Level of the district (dutch: wijk) / local scale -
Level of the neighbourhood (dutch: buurt) / detailed scale BK 7210
urban analysis and design principles ir. Evelien Brandes 2. Scales
of urban design 7. BK 7210 urban analysis and design principles ir.
Evelien Brandes - Level of District layout plan 1: 10.000 - 1:
5.000 - Level of Neighbourhood neighbourhood profiles: 1: 1.000 -
1: 500 Vlekkenplan for neighbourhoods Borders and total (i.e. 1.000
dwellings/ neighbourhood) Main structure infrastructure, car, bus +
busstops, bike green- and waterstructure and public facilities
Parceling with buildings, streets, public green and shops/schools
As detailed plan, i.e. zoning plan (bestemmingsplan) approximate
200 - 1000 dwellings >> front and back facades the city
district (dutch: stadsdeel), the district (dutch: wijk) and the
neighbourhood (dutch: buurt) layout plan: 1:2.000 a 1: 1.000 street
and terrain profiles: 1: 500 - 200 Scales of urban design 8. BK
7210 urban analysis and design principles ir. Evelien Brandes
Layout plan of the district Tarwewijk, drawings by students
buildings high buildings mid buildings low shops industry high
industry low public building private grounds park paved pubic area
water metro tram sytem border 9. BK 7210 urban analysis and design
principles ir. Evelien Brandes Layout plan of the district
Tarwewijk, drawings by students buildings 10 storeys buildings 5
storeys buildings 4 storeys buildings 1 or 2 storeys private
grounds park trees road bike lane sidewalk parking metro 10. BK
7210 urban analysis and design principles ir. Evelien Brandes
Recent image from Tarwewijk 11. - Showing the elementary,
determined elements - Green and water structure - Entrance to the
district, main roads, public transport, main bike lanes, parks,
shopping centre, concentration of schools and other facilities - -
Examples and scale of main elements, crucial details - Borders and
surroundings of the location BK 7210 urban analysis and design
principles ir. Evelien Brandes 3. The scale of the (city) district
12. BK 7210 urban analysis and design principles ir. Evelien
Brandes Design of the main structure Ypenburg From general layout
plan to detailed parcel plan 13. BK 7210 urban analysis and design
principles ir. Evelien Brandes Elements on city or district level
Access road, Zuidplein, Laan op Zuid and Zuiderpark 14. BK 7210
urban analysis and design principles ir. Evelien Brandes < 70m
wide > Main plan elements Ypenburg, tramway and Laan op Zuid 15.
BK 7210 urban analysis and design principles ir. Evelien Brandes
Location Vinex Ypenburg 1990 Plan Amsterdam South 1930 Relation
with the existing environment 16. - Road patterns - Relation main
structure elements and neighbourhood patrons - Building typologies:
low-rise or high-rise, closed building block or open blocks;
free-standing buildings - Inner courts, public or private
collective BK 7210 urban analysis and design principles ir. Evelien
Brandes 4. Urban design principles 17. BK 7210 urban analysis and
design principles ir. Evelien Brandes grid cul de sac radburn
couliflower continious neutral spread traffic Brancing / dead ended
A single entree hierarchie green paths without (moterized) traffic
city Principle of network solutions landscape 18. BK 7210 urban
analysis and design principles ir. Evelien Brandes one or a few
entrees > neutraal or hierarchical > mash width variation
> Gridstructure < basic principle < directional variation
Basic model - neutral 19. BK 7210 urban analysis and design
principles ir. Evelien Brandes Closed block model of the city 20.
BK 7210 urban analysis and design principles ir. Evelien Brandes
Basic principles for corners and street patterns with low-rise
housing 21. BK 7210 urban analysis and design principles ir.
Evelien Brandes Basic parcellation scheme for low-rise housing 9,5m
23m 2m 91,2m 2m 23m 9,3m 160,3m 1,5m 5m 3m 10m 10m bikelane
sidewalk frontgarden dwelling backgarden backalley 16 x 5,7m
dwellings 10m 10m 3m 5m 1,5m 6m 1,5m bikelane sidewalk frontgarden
dwelling backgarden backalley (car)lane bikelane 7,5m48m15m
5m2m3m3m7x6m3m3m2m5m2m3m3m roadway parking sidewalk (front) garden
dwellings (front) garden sidewalk parking street (front) garden
sidewalk parking 63m Dwellings / building block: 46 Parking spaces:
58 Area fabric unit*: 10080 m2 (160mx63m) 46 dwellings / hectare
netto to compare: standaard district density: 35 dw/ha *fabric unit
= building block including road infrastructure 22. BK 7210 urban
analysis and design principles ir. Evelien Brandes 10-12m n x 6-10m
n x 6-10m min. 30m nx8-12m n x 8-12m min.20m 12-14m n x 6-10m 1.
Porch apartment block (open) > strip alignment > access by
vertical cores (porches) > 4-6 storeys (x 3m) > elevator is
mandatory >12m 2. Gallery apartment block (open) > strip
alignment > access by 2 corner cores + gallery > 4-6 storeys
(x 3m) > elevator is mandatory >12m 3. Closed building block
> closed loop alignment > access porches and/or gallery >
access from street and/or court > 4-6 storeys (x 3m) >
elevator is mandatory >12m Open and closed apartment block
typology "n" stands for the infinite amount of units 23. BK 7210
urban analysis and design principles ir. Evelien Brandes min. 30m
18-25m n x 6-10m 20-30m 20-30m Freestanding apartment block
typology 1. Apartment block or flat > double strip alignment
> access by 2 corner cores + hallway > 4-10 storeys (x 3m)
> elevator is mandatory >12m 2. Apartment tower/Urban villa
> core alignment > access by central core > 1-4
apartments/storey > Urban villa Low tower: 4-12 storeys (x 3m)
> Medium tower: 12-27 storeys (x 3m) > High tower: 27-n
storeys (x 3m) example: Montevideo R'dam (150m) > plinth can be
higher (4-5m) and broader often facilitates different function
(communal, commercial, etc.) > underground parking preferable
> distance between blocks >10m, due privacy and fire
protection > preferable ratio hight blocks to width
streets/courtyards 1:2 parking parking "n" stands for the infinite
amount of units 24. BK 7210 urban analysis and design principles
ir. Evelien Brandes plan of thirth oor section with "piercing
dwellings" in the courtyard Apartment block The Whale Amsterdam,
Frits van Dongen Apartment block typology 25. BK 7210 urban
analysis and design principles ir. Evelien Brandes shop on the
corner garden on the corner closed corner closed corner with garden
Corners of the low-rise housing Statenkwatier and Ypenburg, The
Hague 26. BK 7210 urban analysis and design principles ir. Evelien
Brandes Closed corners in the city Centre of Paris 27. BK 7210
urban analysis and design principles ir. Evelien Brandes Standard
back gardens low-rise housing Gardens 8-10m deep, often back alley
28. BK 7210 urban analysis and design principles ir. Evelien
Brandes Gardens >20m deep Possiblities with deep back gardens
29. - Straight lines or curving or angled ones - Position of
landmarks - Parking in the open air or garage - Neighbourhoods with
water: singel or a canal BK 7210 urban analysis and design
principles ir. Evelien Brandes 5. Special focus elements 30. BK
7210 urban analysis and design principles ir. Evelien Brandes wide
16m margin 12-20m Residential street Statenkwatier and Ypenburg,
The Hague 31. BK 7210 urban analysis and design principles ir.
Evelien Brandes wide 22-30m with median strip for parking or green
Lane Leidsche Rijn, Utrecht 32. BK 7210 urban analysis and design
principles ir. Evelien Brandes wide 30-40m possiblilities : road
for through traffic double lanes green or architectural unity
Keizer Karelweg, Amstelveen and Valliantlaan, The Hague Trafc road
33. BK 7210 urban analysis and design principles ir. Evelien
Brandes The square as unity Witteveenplein, Kop van Zuid, Rotterdam
34. BK 7210 urban analysis and design principles ir. Evelien
Brandes very light curvature sightline through continuing streets
Curves and sight lines Inner city, Delft and Bovenkerk, Amstelveen
35. BK 7210 urban analysis and design principles ir. Evelien
Brandes Sight lines, points for special architecture and fronts
Carnisselande, Statenkwartier and Kop van Zuid 36. BK 7210 urban
analysis and design principles ir. Evelien Brandes Standard street
and parking The Hague 37. BK 7210 urban analysis and design
principles ir. Evelien Brandes Parking in the open air Utrecht
Leidsche Rijn 38. BK 7210 urban analysis and design principles ir.
Evelien Brandes Ensemble as architectonic unity Kop van Zuid,
Rotterdam 39. BK 7210 urban analysis and design principles ir.
Evelien Brandes Design of the public space Greenery, trees, water,
pavement and street furniture 40. BK 7210 urban analysis and design
principles ir. Evelien Brandes Diversity by building plot
Carnisselande, Ypenburg, Javaeiland and Roombeek 41. BK 7210 urban
analysis and design principles ir. Evelien Brandes Recent housing:
apartments and low rise Ypenburg and Leidsche Rijn 42. BK 7210
urban analysis and design principles ir. Evelien Brandes guidance
in the street Delftseplein guidance in transition in-out The plinth
and relation between in- and outside Leidscheveen and Amsterdam 43.
BK 7210 urban analysis and design principles ir. Evelien Brandes
Relation with the water Leidscheveen, Ypenburg and De Meern 44. BK
7210 urban analysis and design principles ir. Evelien Brandes
Composition of apartment buildings Hamburg Hafencity 45. BK 7210
urban analysis and design principles ir. Evelien Brandes Leidsche
Rijn, Utrecht 46. Trafic system sytem of roads, streets and squars,
public transport and stops Green parks, playgrounds, embankments
and treelines Water large outside water or surface water, lanes,
lakes, wadi Building block type open or closed, inner area, pubic
or collective courts >> dwelling "milieu" type integration
public facilities Public utilities garbage disposal, electricity
buildings Edges quays, fields, central points or lines, spots and
nodes. BK 7210 urban analysis and design principles ir. Evelien
Brandes Aspects 47. - Situation of the location - Context,
limitations by sewage utilities - Concept plan - Definitive plan -
Building typologies: low-rise or high-rise, closed building block
or open blocks; freestanding buildings BK 7210 urban analysis and
design principles ir. Evelien Brandes 6. Design example: Bovenkerk
(2004) 48. BK 7210 urban analysis and design principles ir. Evelien
Brandes The design site used to be grassland, containing a road to
Schiphol, which happend to be replaced by another road beyond it.
Situation Bovenkerk Zuid 49. BK 7210 urban analysis and design
principles ir. Evelien Brandes Water route and ecological zone Some
restraints from the context Underground : Main gas and water supply
lines 50. BK 7210 urban analysis and design principles ir. Evelien
Brandes Concept plan 51. BK 7210 urban analysis and design
principles ir. Evelien Brandes 1: angled road 2: curved road
NOORDRAND variant 1 1: free standing buildings NOORDRAND variant 2
2. attached buildings Alternatives for discussion 52. School
buiildingS > 4 lagen buildingS 4 layerS public green free
parcelS exciSting buildingS low-riSe 2 layerS low-riSe 3 layerS
buildingS 3 layerS water parking Square Scale 1:3000 parcelling
plan 24-04-2004 BK 7210 urban analysis and design principles ir.
Evelien Brandes Urban plan 53. BK 7210 urban analysis and design
principles ir. Evelien Brandes School buiildingS > 4 lagen
buildingS 4 layerS public green free parcelS exciSting buildingS
low-riSe 2 layerS low-riSe 3 layerS buildingS 3 layerS water
parking Square Scale 1:3000 parcelling plan 24-04-2004 Urban design
drawing in CAD 54. BK 7210 urban analysis and design principles ir.
Evelien Brandes Cross sections with short and long measures
bustrack - Vierlingsbeeklaan near apartments in green section 1a
Noorddammerlaan - eastern edge near senior apartmens-court section
2 SOUTH NORTH SOUTH EAST bustrack Vierlingsbeeklaan Noorddammerlaan
court 55. BK 7210 urban analysis and design principles ir. Evelien
Brandes Principles for corners and free standing buildings 56. BK
7210 urban analysis and design principles ir. Evelien Brandes
Traditional housing curved rows Modern dike housing Modern
architecture with pitched roofs Thin residential tower References
for plan Bovenkerk All plans are newly build 57. BK 7210 urban
analysis and design principles ir. Evelien Brandes Curved road at
one side realized with houses Bovenkerk Amstelveen 58. BK 7210
urban analysis and design principles ir. Evelien Brandes Corner as
a front Bovenkerk Amstelveen 59. BK 7210 urban analysis and design
principles ir. Evelien Brandes Corner as the entree of a
residential street Bovenkerk Amstelveen 60. BK 7210 urban analysis
and design principles ir. Evelien Brandes Viewline realized
Bovenkerk Amstelveen 61. Creative commons BK 7210 urban analysis
and design principles ir. Evelien Brandes You are free: - to copy,
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