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Lysosomes Fundamental unit of life

Biology - Fundamental Unit of Life Cell

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Page 1: Biology - Fundamental Unit of Life Cell

LysosomesFundamental unit of life

Page 2: Biology - Fundamental Unit of Life Cell

Lysosomes

Lysosomes are cellular organelles that contain acid hydrolase enzymes that break down waste materials and cellular debris.

They can be described as the stomach of the cell.

Lysosomes are a kind of waste disposal system of the cell

Page 3: Biology - Fundamental Unit of Life Cell

Lysosomes help in cleaning the cell by digesting any foreign materials entering the cell as well as worn out cell organelles.

Foreign materials, such as bacteria and food, as well as old organelles end up in the Lysosomes, which break them into small pieces.

Lysosomes are able to do this because of the presence of hydrolytic enzymes, capable of breaking down of organic materials.

Page 4: Biology - Fundamental Unit of Life Cell

Phagocytosis : Lysosomes digesting food

Lysosomes contain active

hydrolytic enzymes

The hydrolyticEnzymes digest the

food

Lysosomes fuses with

food vacuole

Page 5: Biology - Fundamental Unit of Life Cell

Autophagy : Lysosomes breaking down damaged organelle

Lysosomes contain active

hydrolytic enzymes

The hydrolyticEnzymes

digest damaged organelle

Lysosomes fuses with

vesicle containing damaged organelle

Page 6: Biology - Fundamental Unit of Life Cell

During the disturbance in cellular metabolism for example, when the cell gets damaged Lysosomes may burst and the enzymes digest their own cell.

Therefore Lysosomes are also called suicide bags

Lysosomes : SUICIDE BAGS

Page 7: Biology - Fundamental Unit of Life Cell

Peroxisomes are microsbodies. They are bound by a single membrane and contain enzymes that produce hydrogen peroxide as a by-product.

Peroxisomes contain enzymes that work by transferring hydrogen from a substrate to oxygen, thereby producing hydrogen peroxide as a by-product. Hydrogen peroxide is toxic to the cell, but peroxisomes also contain an enzyme that is capable of converting hydrogen peroxide to water.

Peroxisomes

Page 8: Biology - Fundamental Unit of Life Cell

Peroxisomes work in a very specific way. Their enzymes attack complex molecules and break them down into smaller molecules.

One of the byproducts of the digestion is hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Peroxisomes have developed to a point where they are able to contain that hydrogen peroxide and break it down into water (H2O) and oxygen (O2).

The water is harmless to the cell and the oxygen can be used in the next digestive reaction. 

Creating Hydrogen Peroxide

H₂O₂ + H₂O = 2H₂O + O₂

Page 9: Biology - Fundamental Unit of Life Cell

Thank youPrateek ; Vishist ; Agreja ; Dhara ; Abhishek.