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Immanuel Kant

OLEH

Siswa/siswi SMAN MODAL BANGSA ACEH

Intan Rahma Sari

Dorratul Hikmah Zuhri

Fathurrahmi

Muhammad Naufal

Sri Rosa AnjeliaTeuku Ichsan

“Immaturity is the incapacity to use one's intelligence without the guidance of another” Immanuel Kant (1724-1804)

Biography

The Young Scholar

Early Work

The Silent Decade

Mature Work

The Young Scholar• He was first sent to Collegium Fredericianum

and then enrolled at the University of Konigsberg in 1740, at the age of 16

• He also dissuaded the young scholar from idealism, which was negatively regarded by most philosophers in the 18th century

• In 1747, he published his first philosophical work, Throughs on the True Estimation of Living Forces.

Early Work

-Kant is best known for his work in the philosophy of ethics and metaphysics-Kant laid out the Nebular Hypothesis, a theory in astronomical field-Kant’s contribution to philosophy greatly increased since 1760s-Kant worked his way through the university by tutoring and he also received some financial aid from Pietists

The Silent Decade• At the age of 46, Kant was an

established scholar and an increasingly influential philosopher

• When Kant emerged from his silence in 1781, and publish the Critique of Pure Reason.

• He also wrote few books that also give much influence

Kant published 2nd and 3rd edition of the Critique of Pure Reason

He also wrote a number of semi-popular essays on history, religion, politics and other topics

Kant's health, long poor, took a turn for the worse and he died at Königsberg on 12 February 1804, uttering "Es ist gut" ("It is good") before expiring

His unfinished final work, the fragmentary Opus Postumum, was, as its title suggests, published posthumously

Mature Work

Immanuel Kant’s Philosophy

Theory of perception

• A proposition whose predicate concept is contained in its subject concept

Analytic Proposition

• A proposition whose predicate concept is not contained in its subject concept

Synthetic proposition

Categories of the Faculty of Understanding

In studying the work of Kant one must realize that there

is a distinction between "understanding" as the

general concept and the "understanding" as a faculty

of the human mind

Schema

A priority principles by which the transcendental imagination connects concepts

with intuitions through time

Moral Philosophy

Kant developed his moral philosophy in three works: -Groundwork of the Metaphysic of Morals (1785);-Critique of Practical Reason (1788);-Metaphysics of Morals.

1. The first formulation

2. The second formulation

3. The third formulation

4. Idea of God

5. Idea of freedom

6. The categories of freedom

• Kant's contribution to aesthetic theory is developed in the Critique of Judgment where he investigates the possibility and logical status of "judgments of taste.“

• Kant used the term "aesthetic" in a manner that, according to Kant scholar W.H. Walsh, differs from its modern sense.

Aesthetic

Philosophy

• Kant's political teaching may be summarized in a phrase: republican government and international organization.

• He opposed "democracy," which at his time meant direct democracy, believing that majority rule posed a threat to individual liberty.

Political Philosophy

Immanuel Kant's role in politics and anthropology

POLITICS

ANTHROPOLOGY

action ime both to himself and to those another , humans should viewed I see

action aimed I AM IMMANUEL KANT,THIS MY ROLE Immanuel Kant defines philosophy as the science of the subject and the base of all knowledge. MenurutKant four that studied in philosophy, namely: apayang human can know? (metaphysics), apayang should have known to man? (ethics), to which the human expectations (religion) and what is man? (anthropology). This philosophy definition affects all Imamuel Kant thought. In this peper will discuss the ideas of Immanuel Kant on knowledge (metaphysics), Moral and Ethics (Ethics), Man, Religion and God Kant's view is challenged Imamuel Man Kant said that the only purpose is man himself , and not simply a tool or means which may be arbitrary treated . In all human action aimed both to himself and to those another , humans should be viewed simultaneously as a destination .For Kant , the actor is people who construct his own world . Through a priori formal , raw data set of the human soul experiences ( sensory ) and then build the mathematical sciences and physics . Through the will of the soul otonomlah build morality . And through feeling ( sentiment ) man puts reality in relation to specific

goals to be POLITICS as well as the inherently understand everything that has a tendency to unity (unity ) .Response Ø Immanuel Kant thought of worldly and not only did not think of eternity . Thus all theories are built solely for the benefit of man , and he does not membuatuhkan God . Ø Feedback on Ethics and Morals . In Kant's thoughts on ethics and morals we do not agree because all of his sight fixed on Man , and hanging himself. where is man who must be the basis of

determining morality itself. So if someone is good ANTHROPOLOGY looking then he shall do so . Applicable so that the truth is no truth that is based on human thought that is the individual . As for those who believe the truth becomes the foundation of ethics and morals is the Word of God of the Bible . Christian ethics is everything willed by God and that's the good that is in the. We do not agree with the view of Kant as Man aims for yourself and good human action addressed to himself. We think our actions are all for the glory of God, not for yourself . Because human beings have been created for His glory . God wants human beings formed in the image and likeness can fellowship with Him and glorify Him Him ( Isa 43:7 , Eph . 1:11-12 , 1 Cor 10:31) . It is also emphasized by Calvin who said , " Man will never reach a clear knowledge of himself unless he has previously seen the face of God , and then go from looking at him and began to examine himself . ' In other words , human beings will not find his true identity if he is separated from his Creator . Only in communion with the Creator was the one man find meaning and purpose of his life .Respondents challenged God and religion . Kant denies the evidence of the existence of God , and maintain that human beings can only know God through reasoning or thinking , this approach is the result of the Enlightenment , which views the tradition and authority of the Bible with suspicion and claim services of reasoning . While pengatahuan will of God can be known from its source which is God himself through the written word of God ( Bible ) is called Special revelation ( Num 12:6-8 , Hebrews 1:1, 2 Pet 1:21) , General Revelation ( Ps 19:1 , 2 ; Rom 1:19 , 20 ; 2:14 , 15 ) Facilities General revelation : the history , the universe and conscience , through our relationship with God , and the growth of our faith

oth to himself and the a , humans should viewed y

action ime both to himself and to those another , hum should

POLITIC

ANTHROPOLOGY

POLITIC

1. Immanuel Kant’s role for ending wars and creating a lasting peace. They included a world of constitutional republics by establishment of

political community2. Created classical republican theory that extended in Doctrine of Right (1797).

3. At the end of the 20th century Kant's political philosophy had been producing a remarkable renaissance in English-speaking countries with more

major studies in a few years than had appeared in the preceding many decades

4. The biggest invention of Kant in the philosophy of law and the political philosophy is the doctrine of Rechtsstaat. According to this doctrine, the

power of the state is limited in order to protect citizens from the arbitrary exercise of authority.

1. rejects by definition the opposition between moral education and the play of passions as alternate foundations for social life

2. He opposed "democracy," which at his time meant direct democracy, believing that majority

3. rule posed a threat to individual liberty.4. he distinguished three forms of government i.e. democracy, aristocracy, and

monarchy with mixed government as the most ideal form of it.

back

1. Give a statement man is anthropology2. Kant said that the only purpose is man himself , and not

simply a tool or means which may be arbitrary treated . 3. Kant said , the actor is people who construct his own world .

Through a priori formal , raw data set of the human soul experiences ( sensory ) and then build the mathematical

sciences and physics .

Anthropology

InfluenceHistorical influence

• Kant's thinking was used in Britain to challenge the decline in religious faith in the nineteenth century.

Religion

• Arthur Schopenhauer was strongly influenced by Kant's transcendental idealism.

Another philosopher

• The Early German Romantics used Kant's self-reflexive conception of criticism in their Romantic theory of poetry.

Romantic Theory of poetry

Influence on modern thinkers

• Kant is considered to have foreshadowed many of the ideas that have come to form the democratic peace theory, one of the main controversies in political science.

the form of democratic

peace theory

• Jurgen Habermas and John Rawls are two significant political and moral philosophers whose work is strongly influenced by Kant's moral philosophy.

moral philosophy

• Because of the thoroughness of the Kantian paradigm shift, his influence extends to thinkers who neither specifically refer to his work nor use his terminology.

social, behavioral, and

physical sciences

Kant statue in Belo

Horizante, Brazil

Statue of Immanuel Kant

in Russia

Immanuel Kant's tomb

West German postage stamp,

1974, commemorating

the 250th anniversary of Kant's birth.

silver coin commemorating

the 250th birthday of

Immanuel Kant in Konigsberg

Thank You . . .