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Biofuel
BYK. Deepak Raj
K. Gautham ReddyAnkit Mittal
WHY RENEWABLE ENERGY?
Increased the demand of energy in developing countries due to fast growing
population, rapid modernization and industrialization.
The reserve will be depleted one day. In addition, the dependency on these fossil
fuels, which are largely been imported, has serious implications on economy and
environment.
Scientist say that up to 2040,all the resources of fossil fuels will be finished. So
for this reason scientist are focus their view on the alternative renewable energy
resource such as solar energy, biogas, biodiesel, wind power, tidal energy etc
World Energy scenario35%
24%
21%
11%7% 2%1%
OilCoalNatural gasRenewable sourceNuclearHydroOther sources
World Energy Consumption
Fossil Fuel Usage
Biofuels
What is Biofuel? A biofuel is a type of fuel whose energy
is derived from biological carbon fixation. Fuel which produced from renewable
biological resources such as plant biomass and treated municipal and industrial waste.
Why biofuels?
Why biofuels? To reduce our dependence on fossil fuels To reduce reliance on foreign oil To lower emissions of greenhouse gases To bring business to rural economics
Advantages of biofuels There is no emission of hazardous gases Locally available in every region of the world. Friendly with the environment, so they do not
cause global warming The energy release per unit mass of biofuel
is greater than the energy released from the unit mass of fossil fuels.
Two methods to form biofuel
1. Sugar crops and starch are grown and through process of fermentation, ethanol is produced.
2. Plants are grown naturally to produce oil like algae. Oils are heated to reduce viscosity, then directly used as a fuel for diesel engines
Types of Biofuels
• Made from sugar, starch, and vegetable oil.
First generation Biofuel
• Made from non-edible plant materials.
Second generation Biofuel
• Made from algae and microbes.
Third generation Biofuel
Biodiesel
Biodiesel is a famous biofuel in Europe Produced from oils or fats using trans-
esterification after mixing the biomass with methanol and sodium hydroxide.
methanol and sodium hyroxUsed for car diesel engiPrProduced after mixing the biomass with methanol and sodium hyroxide
♫ Used for car diesel enginesoduced after mixing the biomass with methanol and sodium hyroxide
♫ Used for car diesel engines
Making BiodieselInputs:
Fat/Vegetable Oil (“Feedstock”) Methanol/Ethanol Catalyst - “Lye” (Sodium Hydroxide or Potassium
Hydroxide) Water
Outputs: Biodiesel Dirty Water Glycerine
World Biodiesel Production
Biodiesel production in Bl, 1991-2010, in the world and main producing countries; Source: INRA estimations from various sources
Application of Biodiesel car diesel engine effective solvent oxygenated fuel
Advantages of biodiesel Biodiesel can be termed clean fuel as it does not
contain carcinogens and its sulphur content is also lesser than the mineral diesel.
It possesses high biodegradability and lubricating property
Improves engine efficiency and operating life cycle. Domestic resource, Readily mixes with petroleum diesel fuel in any ratio Higher flash point makes it safer in transport and
storage; Greatly reduces particulate matter and carbon
monoxide emissions.
Blends of biodieselBlends of biodiesel and conventional
hydrocarbon-based diesel are often used and specified in terms of "B" factor to state the amount of biodiesel in any fuel mix.• 100% biodiesel is referred to as B100• 20% biodiesel, 80% petrodiesel is labeled B20• 5% biodiesel, 95% petrodiesel is labeled B5• 2% biodiesel, 98% petrodiesel is labeled B2
Disadvantages of biodiesel
Higher production cost. The resources like corn,soyabean etc
are extensively used for biodiesel leading to increase in demand and inturn increasing the prices of them.
Poor low temperature properties.
CONCLUSIONBiofuel production has lead to :
Power to local community Improving agriculture Rural electrification Job creation