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DISASTER MANAGEMENT 8 TH TO 10 TH JUNE 2010 BIODIVERSITY & CONSERVATION Dr. N. Sai Bhaskar Reddy CEO, GEO http://www.e- geo.org

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DISASTER MANAGEMENT8 T H  TO 10 T H   JUNE 2010  

BIODIVERSITY & CONSERVATION

Dr. N. Sai Bhaskar ReddyCEO, GEO

http://www.e-geo.org

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What is BIODIVERSITY ?

 1992United Nations Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro defined "biological diversity" as "the variability among living organisms from all sources, including, 'inter alia', terrestrial, marine, and other aquatic ecosystems, and the ecological complexes of which they are part: this includes diversity within species, between species and of ecosystems".

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A PEEK THROUGH CBD

Birth of CBD: In 1992 at Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Goals of CBD:1. The conservation of biological diversity

2. The sustainable use of its components

3. The fair and equitable sharing of the benefits from the use of genetic resources.

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Factors determining Degree of Diversity

Habitat stressGeographical isolationDominance by one speciesAvailability of ecological nichesEdge effectGeological history

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Source: orgs.unca.edu/tulula/images/biodiversity.jpg

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Climate ChangeMore adverse than beneficial impacts on biological and socioeconomic systems are projected

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Food production needs to double to meet the needs of an additional 3 billion people in the next 30 years

Climate change is projected to decrease agricultural productivity in the tropics and sub-tropics for almost any amount of warming

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Climate change will exacerbate the loss of biodiversity

Estimated 10-15% of the world’s species could become extinct over the next 30 years

Biodiversity underlies all ecological goods and services

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Food and Fiber ProductionProvision of Clean and Sufficient Water

Maintenance of BiodiversityMaintenance of Human Health

Storage and cycling of Carbon, Nitrogen, Phosphorus

Agricultural Lands

CoastalZones

ForestLands

FreshwaterSystems

Arid Lands & Grasslands

Climate change will affect the ability of ecological systems to provide a range of essential ecological goods and

services

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Importance of Biodiversity.

Biodiversity has contributed in many ways to the development of human culture, and, in turn, human communities have played a major role in shaping the diversity of nature at the genetic, species, and ecological levels.

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Ecological Role of Biodiversity

All species provide at least one function in an ecosystem. Each function is an integral part of regulating the species balance, species diversity and species health: all aspects which are intrinsic for the ecosystem as a whole to survive and prosper

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Economic Role of Biodiversity .

Food: Crop Biodiversity or agrobiodiversity.

Goods: Various things like timber, paper, medicines.

Recreation: Wildlife tourism, trekking nature photography, birdwatching.

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Scientific Role of Biodiversity

Genetic resources:Biotechnology and genetic enginnering use the genes of organisms to make new crops and medicines.

Each species can give scientist some clue as to how life evolved and will continue to evolve.

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Causes of Biodiversity losses

At least 40 per cent of the world’s economy and 80 per

cent of the needs of the poor are derived from biological

resources. In addition, the richer the diversity of life, the

greater the opportunity for medical discoveries, economic

development, and adaptive responses to such new

challenges as climate change.

— The Convention about Life on Earth,

Convention on

biodiversity website.

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Habitat and Degradation

Destruction of biodiversity rich areas like tropical forests.

Destruction of coral reefs and Wetlands.Ploughing of grasslands.Aquatic ecosystem is threatened.Pollution of freshwater streams, lakes, and

marine habitats.

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Other causes of decline

Pollution of wetlands.

Over-exploitation of resources.

Construction of large dams.

Commercial hunting and poaching.

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Threatened Tropical Forests

A world imperiled- forces behind the forest losses

source:www.mongabay.com

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Threats to Reefs

10% of the coral reefs around the world are already dead. Coral bleaching is another manifestation of the problem and is showing up in reefs across the planet.

source:www.oceansalive.org

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Habitat fragmentation

Emergence of discontinuities in organism’s preferred environment.

Fragmentation and destruction of Great Ape habitat

in Central Africa.

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INDIA

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BIODIVERSITY IN INDIA

Thar desert - The climate and vegetation in this area is a contrast to the Himalayan region.

Western Ghats - One of the two biodiversity hotspots in India.

Sunder bans - The largest mangrove forest in India.

Chilika - This wetland area is protected under the Ramsar convention.

Himalayas - This  majestic range of mountains is the home of a diverse range of  flora and fauna. Eastern Himalayas is one of the two biodiversity hotspots in India.

Source: earthtrends.wri.org

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09/5749

25/521

72/458

88/390

244/18664

03/231

Source: www.earthtrends.wri.org/2002-03

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Insects

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Butterflies

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Spiders

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Amphibians

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Reptiles

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Reptiles

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Water Birds

Bar-headed Goose Greater Flamingoes

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Water birds

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IS THE BIODIVERSITY OF INDIA UNDER THREAT?

10% of India’s plant species are under threat.

More than 150 medicinal plants have disappeared in recent decades.

About 10% of flowering plants,20% of mammals and 5% of the birds are threatened.

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Biological Diversity Act

National Biodiversity Authority

Traditional knowledge digital library

Traditional Knowledge Resource

classification

People’s Biodiversity Register

Convention on Biological DiversityImplementation steps

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Diversity in India

•India has a rich and varied heritage of

biodiversity

•India figured with two of the 34 hotspots

- the Western Ghats and the Eastern

Himalayas

•With a mere 2.4% of the world's area,

India accounts for 7.31% of the global

faunal total with a faunal species count

of 89,451 species (MoEF, 1999)

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Comparative statement of recorded number of animal species in India and the World

Taxa Species World Percentage of India to the world

Protista 2577 31259 8.24

Mollusca 5070 66535 7.62

Arthropoda 68389 987949 6.9

Other Invertebrates

8329 87121 9.56

Protochordata 119 2106 5.65

Pisces 2546 21723 11.72

Amphibia 209 5150 4.06

Reptilia 456 5817 7.84

Aves 1232 9026 13.66

Mamalia 390 4629 8.42

Source: MoEF 2002.

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Comparison between the Number of species in India and the World

Group Number of species in India

(SI)

Number of species world

(SW)

SI/SW(%)

350 4,629 7.6

1224 9,702 12.6

408 6,550 6.2

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Comparison between the Number of species in India and the World

197 4,522 4.4

2546 21,730 11.7

15,000 250,000 6.0

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Summary of Plant Conservation Status Information at WCMC

IUCN Threat Category

Number of species

Extinct 19

Extinct/Endangered 43

Endangered 149

Endangered/vulnerable 2

Vulnerable 108

Rare 256

Indeterminate 719

Insufficiently 9

No information 1441

Not threatened 374

TOTAL 3120

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History of Biodiversity Conservation in India

The protection of wildlife has a long tradition in Indian history.

Wise use of natural resources was a prerequisite for many hunter-gatherer societies which date back to at least 6000 BC

Examples of some of the historic reserves are:

1.Gir in Gujarat2.Dachigam in Jammu and Kashmir3.Bandipur in Karnataka4.Keoladeo, Ranthambore and Sariska in

Rajasthan.

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The following Acts were devised to protect biodiversity:1. Indian Forest Act, 1927

2. Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972

3. Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980

The network was further strengthened by a number of national conservation projects,

1. Project Tiger, initiated in April 1973 by the Government of India with support form WWF and

2. the crocodile Breeding and Management Project, Launched on 1 April 1975 with technical assistance form UNDP/FAO

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NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY STRATEGY AND ACTION PLAN

Chapter 1: Background and objective, scope and approach of the NBSAP methodology and critical analysis of the project.

Chapter 2: statement of principles on which the analysis and recommendations are based

Chapter 3: evolutionary, physical and historical context of India’s biodiversity

Chapter 4: overall profile of India’s biodiversity Chapter 5: key causes for lost of biodiversity Chapter 6: ongoing initiatives in conversation, sustainable

use and equity Chapter 7: broad strategies and related actions for

achieving conversation, sustainable use and equitable access/sharing of benefits

Chapter 8: overall implementation mechanism that would be needed for the strategies and actions presented in the earlier chapter

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Increased vulnerability of species extinction

Ecological imbalance

Reduced sources of food, structural materials, medicinal and genetic resources

Cost increase to the society

Impact of loss of Biodiversity

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What is Countdown 2010?

Local action:17 October 2007, Zagreb, Croatia.Twenty cities representing 54 million citizen create and implement 10-year Biodiversity Action Plans. This week saw the first workshop of the project “Local Action for Biodiversity‟ (LAB) that brings them together, taking place in Zagreb from October 15-17.

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http://vimeo.com/7592397International Day for Biological Diversity - 22

May

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The 2010 biodiversity target is now fully integrated into the framework of the Millennium Development Goals and, as a sign of further support, theinternational community decided to declare 2010 the International Year for Biological Diversity.Ban Ki-moon, May 22, 2007

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LOCAL PLANS AND ACTION

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Thank You

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